Voice coding process and device for implementing said process

• US 5,001,758 A
• Filed: 04/08/1987
• Issued: 03/19/1991
• Est. Priority Date: 04/30/1986
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Original Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Inventors: Menez, Jean, Galand, Claude
• Primary Examiner(s): Harkcom, Gary V.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Knepper, David D.
• Application Number:
  US07/035,806
• Time in Patent Office: 1,441 Days
• Field of Search: 364/513.5, 381/29-49
• US Class Current: 704/212
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 19/06 Determination or coding of the spectral characteristics, e.g. of the short-term prediction coefficients

Abstract

The voice signal is analyzed to derive therefrom a low frequency base band signal, linear prediction coefficients and high frequency (HF) descriptors. Said HF descriptors include HF energy indications as well as indications relative to the phase shift between the low frequency and the high frequency band. Said HF descriptors are used during the voice synthesis operation to provide an inphase HF bandwidth component to be added to the base band prior to be used for driving a linear prediction synthesis filter tuned using said linear prediction parameters.

Claims

1. A process for coding a voice signal comprising a block of a predetermined number of samples corresponding to a voiced segment of speech wherein said voice signal is analyzed by being split into a low frequency (LF) bandwidth and a high frequency bandwidth the signal contents of which are to be coded separately, said process being characterized in that it includes:

coding said low frequency bandwidth signal;

processing said high frequency-bandwidth contents to derive therefrom high frequency bandwidth energy information;

processing both said low frequency bandwidth and said high frequency bandwidth contents to derive therefrom information relative to the phase shift between said high frequency signal and said low frequency signal;

coding separately said high frequency bandwidth energy information and said phase shift information;

grouping into a set of descriptors for transmission said coded low frequency bandwidth signal, said coded high frequency bandwidth energy information and said coded phase shift information to form the coded representation of said voice signal.

2. A process according to claim 1 wherein said voice signal is initially processed using the conventional BCPCM process.

3. A process according to claim 1 wherein said processing to derive high frequency bandwidth energy information includes:

measuring the voice pitch period M;

defining a rectangular time window of width M/2 within the segment of speech occurring at the pitch rate;

measuring the high frequency bandwidth energy within said time window and generating data representing said HF energy within said time window; and

generating noise energy data for each segment of speech, by subtracting said high frequency bandwidth energy over said time window from the high frequency energy over the segment of speech.

4. A process according to claim 3 wherein said windowed HF energy is represented by a predetermined number of samples within the time window.

5. A coding process according to claim 4 wherein said predetermined number of samples are limited to peak values through a center clipping operation using a self adaptive threshold level.

6. A coding process according to claim 5 wherein said threshold level is adjusted to eliminate a predetermined percentage of signal samples within the high frequency bandwidth contents.

7. A process for coding voice signals according to claim 1 based on Voice Excited Predictive coding techniques wherein said voice signal is also used to derive a linear set of prediction parameters, said parameters being also multiplexed with said coded low frequency bandwidth component, said coded high frequency energy information and said coded phase shift information.

8. A process for decoding a voice signal coded according to claim 7 using synthesis operations including:

demultiplexing and decoding said coded representation of said voice signal to obtain the decoded low frequency bandwidth data, the decoded high frequency energy information, and the decoded phase shift information;

shifting said low frequency bandwidth decoded data using said phase shift information;

combining said shifted low frequency decoded data with said decoded high frequency bandwidth energy data to derive therefrom an synthesized upper band signal; and

adding said low frequency bandwidth signal and said synthesized upper band signal.

9. A decoding process according to claim 8 wherein said decoding process further includes:

demultiplexing and decoding said linear prediction parameters;

using said decoded linear prediction parameters to adjust a synthesis filter fed with the signal provided by said adding operation.

10. A coding process according to claim 1 wherein said low frequency bandwidth signal is coded using split band techniques, with dynamic allocation of quantizing resources throughout the split band contents.

11. A Voice Excited Predictive Coder (VEPC) including first means sensitive to the voice signal for generating spectral descriptors representing linear prediction parameters, second means for generating a low frequency or base band signal (x(n)) and third means for generating high frequency (HF) or upper band signal descriptors of the upper band signal y(n), said third means including:

base band preprocessing means connected to said second means for generating a pitch parameter M and a cleaned base band pulse train z(n);

phase evaluation means connected to said base band preprocessing means and sensitive to said upper band signal to derive therefrom a phase shift descriptor K;

phase shifter means sensitive to said base band pulse train z(n) and to said phase shift descriptor K to derive therefrom a shifted pulse train z(n-K);

upper band analysis means sensitive to said upper band signal y(n), to said shifted pulse train z(n-K) and to said pitch parameter M, to derive therefrom noise energy information E and HF amplitude information A(i); and

,

coding means for coding said phase shift descriptor K, amplitude A(i), noise energy E and base band signal x (n).

12. A VEPC coder according to claim 11 wherein said base band preprocessing means include:

digital derivative and sign means sensitive to said base-band signal x(n) to derive therefrom a signal represented by a pulse train u(n) derived according to the following expressions;

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">u(n)=c(n)·

×

(n) if c(n)>

0

or

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">u(n)=0 if c(n)≦

0

wherein c(n)=sign (c`(n)-c`(n-1)) and c'"'"'(n)=(n)-x(n-1)

modulating means sensitive to u(n) and x(n) to derive therefrom a modulated base band pulse train signal v(n)=u(n)·

x(n);

pitch evaluation means sensitive to said base band signal x(n) to derive therefrom the pitch parameter M; and

,

cleaning means sensitive to said modulated base band pulse train signal v(n) and pitch parameter M to derive therefrom a cleaned base band pulse train z (n) containing base band pulses spaced by more than a prefixed portion of M.

13. A VEPC according to claim 11 wherein said phase evaluation means include:

center clipping means sensitive to said upper band signal y(n) to derive therefrom a clipped signal y'"'"'(n), with;

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">y'"'"'(n)=y(n) if y(n)>

a·

Ymax

or

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">=0 if y(n)≦

a·

Ymax

where Ymax=Max y(n), n=1, N N being a predetermined block number of samples and "a" a predetermined constant coefficient;

cross correlation means, sensitive to said clipped signal y'"'"'(n), cleaned base band pulse train z(n) and pitch parameter M, to derive therefrom a cross correlation function R(k), with;

##EQU8## peak picking means sensitive to said cross correlation function R(k) and pitch parameter M to derive phase shift value K through the extremum of R(K), with;

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">R(K)=Max R(k),k=1,M

14. A VEPC according to claim 11 wherein said phase shifter is a delay line adjustable by the phase shift value K to derive a shifted pulse train z(n-K).

15. A VEPC synthesizer for decoding a voice signal coded through a device according to claim 11, said synthesizer including

decoding means for decoding said linear prediction parameters, said E, A(i), K and x(n);

base-band preprocessing means sensitive to said base band signal x(n) to derive a cleaned base-band pulse train z(n);

phase shifter means sensitive to said cleaned base-band pulse train z(n) and K to derive a shifted base-band pulse train z(n-K);

upper band synthesis means sensitive to E, A(i) and shifted base-band pulse train z(n-K) to derive synthetic high frequency signal s(n);

summing means for summing said synthetic upper band signal s(n) and adelayed base-band signal x(n);

LP synthesis filter tuned by said decoded linear prediction parameters and sensitive to the output of said summing means to derive the synthesized voice signal.

16. A VEPC synthesizer according to claim 15 wherein said upper band synthesis means include:

pulse generator means sensitive to A(i) and shifted base-band pulse train z(n-K) to derive a pulse signal component by replacing each pulse by a couple of pulses modulated by A(i);

noise generator means sensitive to said shifted base-band pulse train z(n-K) to derive a sequence of noise samples e(n);

noise adjusting means sensitive to each noise sample e(n) and to the noise energy E to derive a noise signal component e'"'"'(n)=e(n)·

E^1/2 ;

adding means for adding said noise signal component to said pulse signal component; and

,

high pass filter means connected to said adding means to provide said synthetic upper band signal s(n).

17. A VEPC Coder according to claim 11, wherein said upper band analysis means include:

windowing means sensitive to said shifted base-band pulse train z(n-K) and to said pitch parameter M to derive therefrom a rectangular time window pulse train w(n-K);

modulating means sensitive to said rectangular time window pulse train w(n-K) and to said upper band signal y(n) to derive a modulated upper band pulse train signal y``(n) through y``(n)=y(n) w(n-K);

a pulse modeling means sensitive to said modulated upper band pulse train signal y``(n) to derive pulse amplitudes A(i) through;

##EQU9## with;

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">Amax(i)=Max y``(i,n),n=-M/4,M/4

and

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">Amin(i)=Min y``(i,n),n=-M/4,M/4

where y``(i,n) represent the samples of modulated upper band pulse train y``(n) within the ith window, and n represents the time index of the samples within each window;

said pulse modeling means also providing pulse energy ##EQU10## of pulses within a cleaned base band train z(n) per predetermined block of voice samples;

HF energy means sensitive to upper band signal y(n) to derive ##EQU11## noise energy E generating means derived from