Variable optical fiber Bragg filter arrangement

• US 5,007,705 A
• Filed: 12/26/1989
• Issued: 04/16/1991
• Est. Priority Date: 12/26/1989
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: United Technologies Corporation (Rtx Corporation)
• Original Assignee: United Technologies Corporation (Rtx Corporation)
• Inventors: Leonberger, Fred J., Morey, William W., Meltz, Gerald, Glenn, William H.
• Primary Examiner(s): Lee, John D.
• Application Number:
  US07/456,449
• Time in Patent Office: 476 Days
• Field of Search: 350/96.14, 350/96.15, 350/96.16, 350/96.19, 350/96.29, 350/96.30
• US Class Current: 385/12
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/022 using mechanical stress, e.g. tuning by compression or elongation, special geometrical shapes such as "dog-bone" or taper G02B6/02204 takes precedence; optical modulation using photo-elastic effect G02F1/0131
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/02204 using thermal effects, e.g. heating or cooling of a temperature sensitive mounting body optical modulation using thermo-optic effect G02F1/0147
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/29322 Diffractive elements of the tunable type G02B6/02195 takes precedence; optical modulation devices based on a change of the optical properties of the medium G02F1/00
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/29395 configurable, e.g. tunable or reconfigurable switching G02B6/35
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/0115 in optical fibres
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/0126 Opto-optical modulation, i.e. control of one light beam by another light beam, not otherwise provided for in this subclass
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/0131 based on photo-elastic effects, e.g. mechanically induced birefringence
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/0147 based on thermo-optic effects G02F1/132 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/125 in an optical waveguide structure
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 2201/02 fibre
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 2201/307 Reflective grating, i.e. Bragg grating
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 2203/055 wavelength filtering

Abstract

A variable light filtering arrangement includes at least one optical fiber section including a waveguiding core, and at least one permanent Bragg grating region in the optical fiber section. The grating region includes a plurality of grating elements constituted by periodic refractive index variations of a predetermined initial periodicity and cumulatively redirecting, of the light launched into the core for guided propagation therein, that having an axial wavelength within a narrow band around a central wavelength that is determined by the periodicity and refractive index variations of the grating elements. At least one of the periodicity and refractive index variations of the grating region is controlledly modified in such a manner as to temporarily change the central wavelength within a predetermined wavelength range.

Claims

1. A variable light filtering arrangement comprising

at least one optical fiber section including a waveguiding core;

at least one permanent Bragg grating region in said optical fiber section, including a plurality of grating elements constituted by periodic refractive index variations of a predetermined initial periodicity and cumulatively redirecting, of the light launched into said core for guided propagation therein, that having an axial wavelength within a narrow band around a central wavelength that is determined by the periodicity and refractive index variations of said grating elements; and

means for so applying at least to said grating region of said optical fiber section an external influence that is representative of a parameter other than structural strain as to modify at least one of the periodicity and refractive index variations of said grating region with an attendant change in said central wavelength within a predetermined wavelength range to an extent indicative of the magnitude of said parameter.

2. The variable light filtering arrangement as defined in claim 1, wherein said applying means includes means for imposing longitudinal strains dependent on the magnitude of said parameter to said grating region.

3. The variable light filtering arrangement as defined in claim 2, wherein said imposing means includes a portion of said optical fiber section that is at least substantially coextensive with said grating region and changes its dimensions in response to temperature changes thereof, and means for varying the temperature of said portion of said optical fiber section in dependence on the magnitude of said parameter.

4. The variable light filtering arrangement as defined in claim 3, wherein said portion of said optical fiber section is absorptive of radiation outside said predetermined wavelength range;

and wherein said varying means includes means for directing said radiation onto said portion with attendant heating of said portion by said radiation.

5. The variable light filtering arrangement as defined in claim 4, wherein said portion of said optical fiber section is in said core.

6. The variable light filtering arrangement as defined in claim 5, wherein said directing means includes means for launching said radiation into said core for propagation longitudinally thereof.

7. The variable light filtering arrangement as defined in claim 5, wherein said directing means includes means for directing said radiation at least onto said grating region of said core substantially transversely of said optical fiber section.

8. The variable light filtering arrangement as defined in claim 4, wherein said optical fiber section further includes a cladding surrounding said core;

and wherein said portion of said optical fiber section is in said cladding.

9. The variable light filtering arrangement as defined in claim 3, wherein said optical fiber section further includes a cladding surrounding said core;

wherein said portion of said optical fiber section is constituted by a layer of a material absorptive of radiation of a predetermined wavelength and surrounding said cladding; and

wherein said varying means includes means for directing said radiation onto said layer substantially transversely of said optical fiber section with attendant heating of said layer by said radiation.

10. The variable light filtering arrangement as defined in claim 3, wherein said optical fiber section further includes a cladding surrounding said core;

wherein said portion of said optical fiber section is constituted by a layer of a material exhibiting a pronounced resistance to the passage of electric current therethrough and surrounding said cladding; and

wherein said varying means includes means for causing electric current to flow through said layer with attendant heating of said layer.

11. The variable light filtering arrangement as defined in claim 2, wherein said imposing means includes a portion of said optical fiber section that is at least substantially coextensive with said grating region and changes its dimensions in response to changes in magnetic field applied thereto, and means for varying the magnetic field applied to said portion of said optical fiber section.

12. The variable light filtering arrangement as defined in claim 2, wherein said imposing means includes a portion of said optical fiber section that is at least substantially coextensive with said grating region and changes its dimensions in response to changes in electric field applied thereto, and means for varying the electric field applied to said portion of said optical fiber section.

13. The variable light filtering arrangement as defined in claim 2, wherein said imposing means includes means for applying longitudinally directed forces of opposite directions to portions of said optical fiber section that are situated at opposite longitudinal sides of said grating region.

14. The variable light filtering arrangement as defined in claim 13, wherein said applying means includes a support of a material capable of changing at least one of its dimensions in response to the action of an external influence thereon;

wherein said optical fiber section is so attached to said support that said portions thereof are stationary with respect to respective locations of said support that are spaced from one another by a predetermined distance in the direction of said one dimension; and

wherein said applying means includes means for subjecting said support to said external influence with attendant change in said dimension and in said predetermined distance.

15. The variable light filtering arrangement as defined in claim 14, wherein said support has a substantially cylindrical configuration and includes a circumferential surface;

wherein said one dimension is the circumferential direction of said surface; and

wherein said locations are situated on said circumferential surface.

16. The variable light filtering arrangement as defined in claim 15, wherein said optical fiber section is wrapped around said circumferential surface.

17. The variable light filtering arrangement as defined in claim 16, wherein said support is of a piezoelectric material;

and wherein said subjecting means includes means for applying an electric potential difference to said support so as to change said one dimension thereof.

18. The variable light filtering arrangement as defined in claim 2, wherein said imposing means includes means for causing mechanical vibrations to propagate longitudinally of said optical fiber section with attendant cyclical changes in the periodicity of said grating elements and in said central wavelength.

19. The variable light filtering arrangement as defined in claim 1, wherein said applying means includes means for selectively directing onto at least said grating region controlling light of such a wavelength and intensity as to temporarily change the refractive index of the material of said core.

20. The variable light filtering arrangement as defined in claim 19, wherein said directing means includes means for launching said controlling light into said core for propagation longitudinally thereof.