Apparatus for and method of internally calibrating an electrical calibrator
First Claim
1. A calibrated source for supplying a calibrated electric parameter over plural ranges to a device to be calibrated comprisinginternal components for deriving the parameter over the plural ranges, an internal voltage reference, digital-to-analog converter means, a memory, analog comparison means, and analog-to-digital converter means,first means for connecting the internal components in circuit with the internal voltage reference, analog-to-digital converter means, comparison means and memory for writing data signals into the memory indicative of calibration correction factors for the internal components as applicable to the internal components, andsecond means for connecting the internal components in circuit with the memory and digital-to-analog converter means so the digital-to-analog converter means responds to the stored data signals indicative of the calibration correction factors to modify the value of the parameter supplied to the device by the internal components so the supplied parameter is corrected in accordance with the calibration correction for the parameter.
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Accused Products
Abstract
A calibrator supplying electric parameters (viz voltage, current and resistances) over plural ranges to a meter to be calibrated comprises internal components for deriving each parameter over the plural ranges, an internal voltage reference, a DAC, a memory, an analog comparator and analog-to-digital converter. The internal components are connected in circuit with the internal voltage reference, analog-to-digital converter, comparator and memory for writing data signals into the memory indicative of calibration correction factors for the internal components. The internal components are connected in circuit with the memory and DAC so the DAC responds to the stored data signals indicative of the calibration correction factors to enable the value of the parameter supplied to the device by the internal components to be modified and corrected in accordance with the calibration correction for the parameter.
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Citations
37 Claims
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1. A calibrated source for supplying a calibrated electric parameter over plural ranges to a device to be calibrated comprising
internal components for deriving the parameter over the plural ranges, an internal voltage reference, digital-to-analog converter means, a memory, analog comparison means, and analog-to-digital converter means, first means for connecting the internal components in circuit with the internal voltage reference, analog-to-digital converter means, comparison means and memory for writing data signals into the memory indicative of calibration correction factors for the internal components as applicable to the internal components, and second means for connecting the internal components in circuit with the memory and digital-to-analog converter means so the digital-to-analog converter means responds to the stored data signals indicative of the calibration correction factors to modify the value of the parameter supplied to the device by the internal components so the supplied parameter is corrected in accordance with the calibration correction for the parameter.
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7. A calibrated source for supplying a calibrated electric parameter over plural ranges to a device to be calibrated comprising
internal components for deriving the parameter over the plural ranges, an internal voltage reference, digital-to-analog converter means, a memory, analog comparison means, and analog-to-digital converter means, first means for connecting the internal components in circuit with the internal voltage reference, digital-to-analog converter means, analog-to-digital converter means, comparison means and memory for writing data signals into the memory indicative of calibration correction factors for the internal components, second means for connecting the internal components in circuit with the device to be calibrated, and means for activating the memory to read out the stored data signals indicative of the calibration correction factors while the second means connects the internal components with the device to be calibrated to enable the value of the parameter supplied to the device by the internal components to be modified to enable the supplied parameter to be corrected in accordance with the calibration correction factors for the internal components as applicable to the parameter.
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10. A method of calibrating an electric measuring instrument for an electric parameter in each of several ranges, the calibration being performed with an instrument including:
- internal components associated with measuring the parameter over the plural ranges, an internal voltage reference, digital-to-analog converter means, a memory and analog comparison means, the method comprising;
simultaneously connecting;
(a) an external reference voltage source to the comparator, (b) the internal voltage reference source as a power supply to the converter means while the converter means responds to a digital signal representing the magnitude of the external reference voltage so the converter means derives a first analog signal having a value equal to the magnitude of the external voltage reference as modified by inaccuracies of the internal reference and the converter means and (c) the converter means to the comparator so the comparator derives an output signal indicative of a first error between the first analog signal and the external voltage reference,in response to the first error, storing an indication of inaccuracies of the internal reference and the converter means, then calibrating the internal components by simultaneously connecting;
the internal reference supply to power the internal components and the converter means while the converter means responds to a series of stored digital signals representing the values of responses from the converter means for different configurations of the internal components, the converter responding to the series of digital signals to derive a series of analog signals having values adjusted by the first error so they are equal to calibrated values for analog signals derived by the internal components, connecting the converter means and the internal components to the comparator while the components are in the different configurations and the converter is deriving the series of analog signals so the comparator derives a series of error signals representing the errors between the series of analog signals and further signals derived from the internal components while they are in the different configurations,storing the error signals representing the magnitudes of the errors between the series of analog signals and the further signals to represent calibration correction factors for each of the different configurations, connecting the internal components to the instrument being calibrated so the instrument being calibrated is responsive to a series of analog signals, one for each of the ranges, while the instrument is responsive to the series of analog signals, reading out the calibration correction factor associated with the analog signal being supplied to the instrument by the memory, and modifying the input to the instrument to account for the read-out calibration correction factor.
- internal components associated with measuring the parameter over the plural ranges, an internal voltage reference, digital-to-analog converter means, a memory and analog comparison means, the method comprising;
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11. Method of deriving calibrating voltage and/or current and/or resistance parameters over multiple ranges for calibrating voltage and/or current and/or resistance responses of instruments over multiple ranges, the calibrating parameters being derived with a calibrator having:
- (a) input terminals responsive to an external standard source of at least one of said parameters having a precise value, (b) switch means, (c) a DC reference voltage source, (d) digital-to-analog converter means, (e) a DC comparator, (f) an analog-to-digital converter, (g) memory means, and (h) circuit means for deriving calibrating output signals over multiple ranges for at least one of said parameters;
the method comprising;(A) from time to time connecting an external DC voltage standard having a precise magnitude to said input terminals while activating said switch means to connect simultaneously (a) one of said input terminals to an input of said comparator, (b) said DC reference source and a signal from said memory means as inputs to said digital-to-analog converter means, a digital output indicative of said magnitude of the DC reference source and the signal from the memory means causing the digital-to-analog converter means to derive a DC signal nominally having a predetermined magnitude relative to the magnitude of the voltage standard, (c) said digital-to-analog converter means to an input of said comparator, (d) an output of said comparator indicative of the magnitude of the deviation of said inputs thereof to said analog-to-digital converter means, and (e) an output of said analog-to-digital converter means to said memory means;
the output of the analog-to-digital converter means supplied to said memory means being indicative of a calibrating error of the digital-to-analog converter means while supplied with the voltage of the DC reference voltage source;(B) from time to time, after step A has been performed at least once, activating said switch means to connect simultaneously (a) said DC reference source to an input of said comparator, (b) said DC reference source and a signal from said memory means as inputs to said digital-to-analog converter means, a digital output indicative of said magnitude of the DC reference source and the signal from the memory means causing the digital-to-analog converter means to derive a DC signal nominally having a predetermined magnitude relative to the magnitude of the DC reference source, the memory also supplying to the digital-to-analog converter means with a signal indicative of the calibrating error derived during step A, (c) said digital-to-analog converter means to an input of said comparator, (d) an output of said comparator indicative of the magnitude of the deviation of said input thereof to said analog-to-digital converter means, and (e) an output of said analog-to-digital converter means to said memory means;
the output of the analog-to-digital converter means supplied to said memory means being indicative of a calibrating error of the DC reference source;(C) from time to time, after step B has been performed at least once, activating the switch means to connect simultaneously (a) said DC reference source and said memory means as inputs to said digital-to-analog converter means, and (b) said DC reference source, said comparator, said digital-to-analog converter means output and said circuit means to each other while the digital-to-analog converter means responds to calibrating error signals derived during steps A and B so that the comparator derives a signal indicative of a calibrating error for the circuit means; and (D) from time to time, after step C has been performed at least once, deriving a sequence of at least one of said calibrating parameters by;
(i) activating the switch means to connect simultaneously (a) said DC reference source and said memory means to inputs of said digital-to-analog converter means, (b) the output of said digital-to-analog converter means to said circuit means, and (ii) with the connection of (i) established and the digital-to-analog converter means being responsive to the calibrating errors derived during steps (A) and (C), activating the memory means to supply signals representing a gamut of values of the at least one parameter of the digital-to-analog converter means so that the circuit means derives a gamut of analog values, one for each range, of the at least one parameter, each of the analog values in the gamut being calibrated for errors derived during steps A and C are suitable for calibrating the instrument. - View Dependent Claims (12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26)
- (a) input terminals responsive to an external standard source of at least one of said parameters having a precise value, (b) switch means, (c) a DC reference voltage source, (d) digital-to-analog converter means, (e) a DC comparator, (f) an analog-to-digital converter, (g) memory means, and (h) circuit means for deriving calibrating output signals over multiple ranges for at least one of said parameters;
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27. Method of deriving calibrating resistance parameters over multiple ranges for calibrating resistance responses of instruments over multiple ranges, the calibrating parameters being derived with a calibrator having:
- (a) switch means, (b) a first resistor having a known calibration error, (c) plural second resistors having unknown calibration, (d) a DC reference voltage source having a known calibration error, (e) digital-to-analog converter means, (f) a DC comparator, (g) analog-to-digital converter means, (h) memory means, and (i) circuit means for deriving calibrating output signals over multiple ranges of resistance;
the method comprising;(A) from time to time activating the switch means to connect simultaneously (a) the DC reference voltage source in circuit with the first resistor and at least one of the second resistors, (b) the voltage across the least one second resistor and an output of the digital-to-analog converter means to said comparator, (c) the memory to the digital-to-analog converter means so the digital-to-analog converter means is supplied with signals indicative of the calibration errors of the reference voltage source of the first resistance and the comparator derives an output signal having a magnitude representing the calibration correction error of the at least one of the second resistors, (d) the output of the comparator to the analog-to-digital converter means, and (e) an output of the analog-to-digital converter means representing the calibration correction error of the at least one of the second resistors to the memory; (B) from time to time, after step A has been performed, connecting said at least one of the second resistors to resistance calibrating input terminals of the instrument being calibrated and connecting a memory location in the calibrator where the calibrating correcting error for said at least one of the second resistors is stored to an output of the calibrator;
said instrument being calibrated responding to the resistance connected to the resistance calibrating input terminals to derive a signal having a magnitude dependent on the resistance value at the resistance calibrating input terminals, and offsetting the magnitude of the signal derived by the instrument by the calibrating correcting error for said at least one of the second resistances at the output of the calibrator. - View Dependent Claims (28)
- (a) switch means, (b) a first resistor having a known calibration error, (c) plural second resistors having unknown calibration, (d) a DC reference voltage source having a known calibration error, (e) digital-to-analog converter means, (f) a DC comparator, (g) analog-to-digital converter means, (h) memory means, and (i) circuit means for deriving calibrating output signals over multiple ranges of resistance;
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29. Apparatus for deriving a signal indicative of a calibration correction for a first resistor having a nominal value to be used in conjunction with calibrating a resistance measuring instrument comprising a reference voltage source having a known calibration error, a second resistor having a known calibration error, an analog comparator, a memory for storing first, second, third and fourth digital signals respectively representing (a) a nominal value for the voltage to be developed across the first resistor, (b) the calibration error for the reference voltage, (c) the calibration error for the second resistor, and (d) the calibration error for the first resistor an analog-to-digital converter, said reference voltage source being connected in circuit with the first and second resistors so that a voltage approximately equal to the nominal voltage is developed across the first resistor, said first resistor and an analog output of the digital-to-analog converter being coupled to the comparator while the digital-to-analog converter is responsive to said first, second and third signals so that the comparator derives an analog signal having a magnitude representing the calibration error of the first resistor, the comparator being connected to an input of the analog-to-digital converter and the analog-to-digital converter being connected to the memory to supply the memory with the fourth signal.
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30. In combination, a chain of several first resistors having taps between adjacent pairs of said first resistors, apparatus for deriving signals indicative of calibration corrections for said several first resistors, said apparatus comprising:
- a reference voltage source having a known calibration error, a second resistor having a known calibration error, an analog comparator, a memory for storing first, second third and fourth digital signals respectively representing (a) a nominal value for the voltage to be developed at each of the taps, (b) the calibration error for the reference voltage, (c) the calibration error for the second resistor, and (d) the calibration error for the first resistor, an analog-to-digital converter, means for connecting said reference voltage and said second resistor in series with each other and selectively to one of said taps and for connecting said one tap to said comparator so that a voltage approximately equal to the nominal voltage at said one tap is developed across said one tap and an analog output of the digital-to-analog converter is coupled to the comparator while the digital-to-analog converter is responsive to said first, second and third signals so that the comparator derives an analog signal having a magnitude representing the calibration error of the resistance at said one tap, the comparator being connected to an input of the analog-to-digital converter and the analog-to-digital converter being connected to the memory to supply the memory with the fourth signal.
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31. Method of deriving calibrating current parameters over multiple ranges for calibrating current responses of instruments over multiple ranges, the calibrating parameters being derived with a calibrator having (a) a constant current source adjusted over several values, (b) switch means, (c) a DC reference voltage source having a known calibration error, (d) digital-to-analog converter means, (e) a DC comparator, (f) an analog-to-digital converter, (g) memory means, (h) circuit means for deriving calibrating output signals over multiple current ranges, and (i) impedance means having a known calibration error;
- the method comprising;
(A) (a) from time to time activating the switch means to connect simultaneously the DC reference voltage source as an input to said constant current source, (b) an output current of the constant current source across the impedance means to that a voltage having a nominal value is developed across the impedance means, (c) the voltage across the impedance means and an output of the digital-to-analog converter means to said comparator, (d) the memory to the digital-to-analog converter means so the digital-to-analog converter means is supplied with signals indicative of the calibration errors of the reference voltage source of the calibrator, (e) impedance means and the comparator derives an output signal having a magnitude representing the calibration correction error of the constant current source, (f) the output of the comparator to the analog-to-digital converter means, and (g) an output of the analog-to-digital converter means representing the calibration correction error of the constant current source to the memory; (B) from time to time, after step A has been performed, connecting said constant current source to current calibrating input terminals of the instrument being calibrated and (b) connecting a memory location in the calibrator where the calibrating correcting error for said constant current source is stored to an output of the calibrator;
said instrument being calibrated responding to the current supplied to the current calibrating input terminals to derive a signal having a magnitude dependent on the magnitude of the current at the current calibrating input terminals and offsetting the magnitude of the signal derived by the instrument by the calibrating correcting error for said current output of the calibrator. - View Dependent Claims (32)
- the method comprising;
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33. Apparatus for deriving a signal indicative of a calibration correction for a constant current source having a nominal value to be used in conjunction with calibrating a current measuring instrument comprising a reference voltage source having a known calibration error, a resistor having a known calibration error, an analog comparator, a memory for storing first, second, third and fourth digital signals respectively representing (a) a nominal value for the voltage to be developed across the resistor, (b) the calibration error for the reference voltage, (c) the calibration error for the second resistor, and (d) the calibration error for the constant current source, an analog-to-digital converter, said reference voltage source being connected in circuit with the constant current source resistor so that a voltage approximately equal to the nominal voltage is developed across the resistor;
- said resistor and an analog output of the digital-to-analog converter being coupled to the comparator while the digital-to-analog converter is responsive to said first, second and third signals so that the comparator derives an analog signal having a magnitude representing the calibration error of the constant current source, the comparator being connected to an input of the analog-to-digital converter and the analog-to-digital converter being connected to the memory to supply the memory with the fourth signal.
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34. In combination, a constant current source including means for deriving currents having several different magnitudes, said source being responsive to a reference voltage source having a known calibration correction error, apparatus for deriving calibration errors for said several different magnitudes, said apparatus comprising:
- variable resistance means having a known calibration error at each of said several predetermined values, said resistance means being connected to be responsive to the output current of the constant current source so that a nominal voltage is developed across said variable resistance means for each current magnitude derived by said source, an analog comparator, a memory for storing first, second, third and fourth digital signals respectively representing (a) nominal values for the voltages to be developed across the resistance means, (b) the calibration error for the reference voltage, (c) the calibration error for the resistance means, and (d) calibration errors for different magnitudes of the current source, an analog-to-digital converter, said resistance means and an analog output of the digital-to-analog converter being coupled to the comparator while the digital-to-analog converter is responsive to said first, second and third signals so that the comparator derives an analog signal having a magnitude representing the calibration error of the current source for the value of the current derived by the source and the value of the variable resistance means responsive to the current derived by the source, the comparator being connected to an input of the analog-to-digital converter and the analog-to-digital converter being connected to the memory to supply the memory with the fourth signal.
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35. In a method of deriving calibrating voltage and/or current and/or resistance parameters over multiple ranges for calibrating voltage and/or current and/or resistance responses of instruments over multiple ranges, the calibrating parameters being derived with a calibrator having:
- (a) input terminals responsive to an external standard source of at least one of said parameters having a precise value, (b) switch means, (c) a DC reference voltage source, (d) digital-to-analog converter means, (e) a DC comparator, (f) an analog-to-digital converter, (g) memory means, and (h) circuit means for deriving calibrating output signals over multiple ranges for at least one of said parameters;
the method comprising;(A) from time to time connecting an external DC voltage standard having a precise magnitude to said input terminals while activating said switch means to connect simultaneously (a) one of said input terminals to an input of said comparator, (b) said DC reference source and a signal from said memory means as inputs to said digital-to-analog converter means, a digital output indicative of said magnitude of the DC reference source and the signal from the memory means causing the digital-to-analog converter means to derive a DC signal nominally having a predetermined magnitude relative to the magnitude of the voltage standard, (c) said digital-to-analog converter means to an input of said comparator, (d) an output of said comparator indicative of the magnitude of the deviation of said inputs thereof to said analog-to-digital converter means, and (e) an output of said analog-to-digital converter means to said memory means;
the output of the analog-to-digital converter means supplied to said memory means being indicative of a calibrating error of the digital-to-analog converter means while supplied with the voltage of the DC reference voltage source;(B) from time to time, after step A has been performed at least once, activating said switch means to connect simultaneously (a) said DC reference source to an input of said comparator, (b) said DC reference source and a signal from said memory means as inputs to said digital-to-analog converter means, a digital output indicative of said magnitude of the DC reference source and the signal from the memory means causing the digital-to-analog converter means to derive a DC signal nominally having a predetermined magnitude relative to the magnitude of the DC reference source, the memory also supplying to the digital-to-analog converter means with a signal indicative of the calibrating error derived during step A, (c) said digital-to-analog converter means to an input of said comparator, (d) an output of said comparator indicative of the magnitude of the deviation of said input thereof to said analog-to-digital converter means, and (e) an output of said analog-to-digital converter means to said memory means;
the output of the analog-to-digital converter means supplied to said memory means being indicative of a calibrating error of the DC reference source;
- (a) input terminals responsive to an external standard source of at least one of said parameters having a precise value, (b) switch means, (c) a DC reference voltage source, (d) digital-to-analog converter means, (e) a DC comparator, (f) an analog-to-digital converter, (g) memory means, and (h) circuit means for deriving calibrating output signals over multiple ranges for at least one of said parameters;
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36. In a method of deriving calibration voltage and/or current and/or resistance parameters over multiple ranges for calibrating voltage and/or current and/or resistance responses of instruments over multiple ranges, the calibrating parameters being derived with a calibrator having:
- (a) switch means, (b) a DC reference voltage source having a known calibration error, (c) digital-to-analog converter means, (d) a DC comparator, (e) an analog-to-digital converter, (f) memory means and (g) circuit means for deriving calibrating output signals over multiple ranges for at least one of said parameters, the memory means storing signals indicative of the known calibration errors;
the method comprising;(A) from time to time, activating said switch means to connect simultaneously (a) said DC reference source to an input of said comparator, (b) said DC reference source and a signal from said memory means as inputs to said digital-to-analog converter means, a digital output indicative of said magnitude of the DC reference source and the signal from the memory means causing the digital-to-analog converter means to derive a DC signal nominally having a predetermined magnitude relative to the magnitude of the DC reference source, the memory also supplying to the digital-to-analog converter a signal indicative of the known calibrating errors of the DC reference source and the digital-to-analog converter, (c) digital-to-analog converter means to an input of said comparator, (d) an output of said comparator indicative of the magnitude of the deviation of said input thereof to said analog-to-digital converter means, and (e) an output of said analog-to-digital converter means to said memory means;
the output of the analog-to-digital converter means supplied to said memory means being indicative of a calibrating errors of the DC reference source and the digital-to-analog converter means;(B) from time to time, after step A has been performed at least once, activating the switch means to connect simultaneously (a) said DC reference source and said memory means as inputs to said digital-to-analog converter means, and (b) said DC reference source, said comparator, said digital-to-analog converter means output and said circuit means to each other while digital-to-analog converter means responds to the known calibrating error signals and the calibrating signal error derived during step A so that the comparator derives a signal indicative of a calibrating error for the circuit means. - View Dependent Claims (37)
- (a) switch means, (b) a DC reference voltage source having a known calibration error, (c) digital-to-analog converter means, (d) a DC comparator, (e) an analog-to-digital converter, (f) memory means and (g) circuit means for deriving calibrating output signals over multiple ranges for at least one of said parameters, the memory means storing signals indicative of the known calibration errors;
Specification