Electrodes containing conductive metal oxides
First Claim
1. In an electrode including a conductive current collector and an active lead material in contact with said collector, the improvement wherein said active material contains an electrically conductive, sulfuric acid-resistant transition metal oxide.
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Accused Products
Abstract
An electrode suitable for use as a lead-acid battery plate contains an inorganic metal oxide additive which enhances the formation of the plate. The additive is electrically conductive, stable in aqueous solutions of sulfuric acid, but does not participate in the electrode reaction. Suitable metal oxides include conductive oxides such as TiO2-x, WO3-x, MoO3-x, V2 O5-x, Nb2 O5-x, wherein x is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1, mixtures thereof and mixed conductive oxides of these elements. The conductive oxides may also be used in electrodes for bipolar lead-acid batteries.
96 Citations
28 Claims
- 1. In an electrode including a conductive current collector and an active lead material in contact with said collector, the improvement wherein said active material contains an electrically conductive, sulfuric acid-resistant transition metal oxide.
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11. In a lead-acid battery including a casing, positive and negative electrodes disposed in said casing, a separator interposed between said electrodes, and a sulfuric acid electrolyte in contact with said electrodes and separator, the improvement comprising:
said positive electrode comprising a current collector and an active lead material in contact with said collector, said active lead material containing an electrically conductive, sulfuric acid-resistant transition metal oxide. - View Dependent Claims (12, 13, 14)
- 15. A paste mixture, comprising particles of a lead oxide compound, a lead sulfate compound, and a conductive, sulfuric acid-resistant, transition metal oxide.
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19. In a bipolar electrode for use in a lead-acid bipolar battery, including a conductive substrate having a pair of layers of positive and negative active material disposed on opposite sides thereof, the improvement wherein said substrate comprises:
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particles of an electrically conductive, transition metal oxide which is substantially stable in aqueous sulfuric acid; and a substantially sulfuric acid-resistant matrix in which said conductive particles are dispersed. - View Dependent Claims (20)
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21. In an electrode including a conductive current collector and an active lead material in contact with said collector, the improvement wherein said active material contains an electrically conductive, sulfuric acid-resistant transition metal oxide having the formula TiO2-x, wherein X is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1.
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22. In an electrode including a conductive current collector and an active lead material in contact with said collector, the improvement wherein said active material contains an electrically conductive, sulfuric acid-resistant transition metal oxide having the formula MoO3-x, wherein x is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1.
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23. In an electrode including a conductive current collector and an active lead material in contact with said collector, the improvement wherein said active material contains an electrically conductive, sulfuric acid-resistant transition metal oxide having the formula Nb2 O5-x, wherein x is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1.
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24. In a bipolar electrode for use in a lead-acid bipolar battery, including a conductive substrate having a pair of layers of positive and negative active material disposed on opposite sides thereof, the improvement wherein said substrate comprises:
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particles of an electrically conductive oxide which is substantially stable in aqueous sulfuric acid having the formula TiO2-x, wherein x is greater than 0 and less then or equal to 1; and a substantially sulfuric acid-resistant matrix in which said conductive particles are dispersed.
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25. In a bipolar electrode for use in a lead-acid bipolar battery, including a conductive substrate having a pair of layers of positive and negative active material disposed on opposite sides thereof, the improvement wherein said substrate comprises:
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particles of an electrically conductive oxide which is substantially stable in aqueous sulfuric acid having the formula MoO3-x, wherein x is greater than 0 and less then or equal to 1; and a substantially sulfuric acid-resistant matrix in which said conductive particles are dispersed.
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26. In a bipolar electrode for use in a lead-acid bipolar battery, including a conductive substrate having a pair of layers of positive and negative active material disposed on opposite sides thereof, the improvement wherein said substrate comprises:
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particles of an electrically conductive oxide which is substantially stable in aqueous sulfuric acid having the formula Nb2 O5-x, wherein x is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1; and a substantially sulfuric acid-resistant matrix in which said conductive particles are dispersed.
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27. In a lead-acid battery including a casing, positive and negative electrodes disposed in said casing, a separator interposed between said electrodes, and a sulfuric acid electrolyte in contact with said electrodes and separator, the improvement comprising:
said positive electrode comprising a current collector and an active lead material in contact with said collector, said active lead material containing an electrically conductive, sulfuric acid-resistant transition metal oxide selected from the group consisting of TiO2-x, MoO3-x, Nb2 O5-x, mixtures thereof and mixed conductive oxides of these elements, wherein x is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1.
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28. A paste mixture, comprising particles of a lead oxide compound, a lead sulfate compound, and a conductive, sulfuric acid-resistant, transition metal oxide selected from the group consisting of TiO2-x, MoO3-x, Nb2 O5-x, mixtures thereof and mixed conductive oxides of these elements, wherein x is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1, said particles being dispersed in an amount of water effective to form a paste.
Specification