Tamper resistant trailer hitch

• US 5,018,759 A
• Filed: 10/23/1989
• Issued: 05/28/1991
• Est. Priority Date: 11/03/1987
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Guardian Hitch Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Guardian Hitch Incorporated
• Inventors: Villalon, S. Leonard, Shoffner, William H., Olds, James D.
• Primary Examiner(s): Kashnikow, Andres
• Assistant Examiner(s): CAMBY, RICHARD M
• Application Number:
  US07/425,705
• Time in Patent Office: 582 Days
• Field of Search: 280/400, 280/402, 280/403, 280/507, 280/511, 280/512, 70/58, 403/141, 403/143, 403/322, 403/325, 403/327, 403/328
• US Class Current: 280/507
• CPC Class Codes: B60D 1/065 characterised by the hitch mechanism
• CPC Class Codes: B60D 1/583 Holding down means, e.g. holding down retainers
• CPC Class Codes: B60D 1/60 Covers, caps or guards , e.g. comprising anti-theft devices

Abstract

A tamper resistant trailer hitch. The trailer hitch includes a body with a hitch ball receiving cavity therein and a conventional coupling mechanism. The hitch may be locked in a coupled position on the hitch ball or in an uncoupled position in which the ball receiving cavity is covered to provide tamper resistance. In a first embodiment, a side opening coupling configuration is used with the cover mounted on a rotating locking ring. In a second embodiment, a pivoting locking plate is mounted on the lower side of the hitch. In a third embodiment, a sliding locking plate is mounted on the lower side of the hitch.

Claims

1. A trailer hitch for connection to a hitch ball, said trailer hitch comprising:

a housing at least partially defining an open sided ball receiving cavity therein;

coupling means on said housing for coupling engagement with said hitch ball when said hitch ball is positioned in said cavity; and

a one-piece member adjacent said housing and having a position for preventing undesired removal of said hitch ball from said cavity and another position for substantially completely covering the open side of said cavity and thereby preventing substantially any access to said cavity when said hitch ball is removed from said cavity.

2. The trailer hitch of claim 1 further comprising locking means for selectively locking said one-piece member with respect to said housing when said hitch ball is positioned in said cavity and with respect to said housing when said cavity is covered.

3. The trailer hitch of claim 1 wherein said coupling means is characterized by a gate member pivotally mounted on said housing and forming a portion of said ball receiving cavity, said gate member having:

an uncoupled position pivoted away from said housing wherein said hitch ball may be inserted into and removed from said cavity; and

a coupled position pivoted toward said housing for couplingly engaging said hitch ball in said cavity and preventing removal of said hitch ball from said cavity.

4. A trailer hitch comprising:

a body defining a downwardly opening ball receiving cavity therein;

a coupling mechanism disposed in said body for couplingly engaging and disengaging a hitch wall positioned in said ball receiving cavity; and

a locking plate disposed below said body, said locking plate being movable between;

a first position wherein a portion of said plate is adjacent a neck of said hitch ball;

a second position spaced from said cavity for allowing insertion of said hitch ball into said cavity and removal of said hitch ball from said cavity; and

a third position wherein a portion of said locking plate extends across said ball receiving cavity and substantially completely covers the cavity for preventing substantially any access thereto.

5. A trailer hitch comprising:

a body defining a downwardly opening ball receiving cavity therein;

a coupling mechanism disposed in said body for couplingly engaging and disengaging a hitch ball positioned in said ball receiving cavity;

a locking plate defining a pair of holes therethrough and disposed below said body, said locking plate being movable between;

a first position wherein a portion of said plate is adjacent a neck of said hitch ball;

a second position spaced from said cavity for allowing insertion of said hitch ball into said cavity and removal of said hitch ball from said cavity; and

a third position wherein a portion of said locking plate extends across said ball receiving cavity for preventing access thereto; and

locking means in said body for lockingly engaging one hole in said locking plate when said locking plate is in said first position and lockingly engaging the other hole in said locking plate when said locking plate is in said third position.

6. A trailer hitch comprising:

a body defining a downwardly opening ball receiving cavity therein;

a bottom plate attached to said housing such that a channel is defined therebetween;

a coupling mechanism disposed in said body for couplingly engaging and disengaging a hitch ball positioned in said ball receiving cavity; and

a locking plate slidably disposed in said channel and below said body, said locking plate being movable between;

a first position wherein a portion of said plate is adjacent a neck of said hitch ball;

a second position spaced from said cavity for allowing insertion of said hitch ball into said cavity and removal of said hitch ball from said cavity; and

a third position wherein a portion of said locking plate extends across said ball receiving cavity for preventing access thereto.

13. The trailer hitch of claim 6 wherein said bottom plate defines a longitudinal slot therein;

and

further comprising an actuation pin attached to said locking plate and extending through said slot whereby said locking plate may be moved between said first, second and third positions thereof.

7. A trailer hitch for connection to a hitch ball, said trailer hitch comprising:

a housing at least partially defining an open sided ball receiving cavity therein;

coupling means on said housing for coupling engagement with said hitch ball when said hitch ball is positioned in said cavity;

a one-piece member adjacent said housing and having a position for preventing undesired removal of said hitch ball from said cavity and another position for covering the open side of said cavity when said hitch ball is removed from said cavity; and

locking means for selectively locking said one-piece member with respect to said housing when said hitch ball is positioned in said cavity and with respect to said housing when said cavity is covered, said locking means being characterized by a cylinder lock having a reciprocating lock member thereon for lockingly engaging said housing and said one-piece member.

8. A trailer hitch for connection to a hitch ball, said trailer hitch comprising:

a housing at least partially defining an open sided ball receiving cavity therein;

coupling means on said housing for coupling engagement with said hitch ball when said hitch ball is positioned in said cavity, said coupling means being characterized by a gate member pivotally mounted on said housing and forming a portion of said ball receiving cavity, said gate member having;

an uncoupled position pivoted away from said housing wherein said hitch ball may be inserted into and removed from said cavity; and

a coupled position pivoted toward said housing for couplingly engaging said hitch ball in said cavity and preventing removal of said hitch ball from said cavity;

biasing means for biasing said gate member toward said uncoupled position; and

a one-piece member adjacent said housing and having a position for preventing undesired removal of said hitch ball from said cavity and another position for covering the open side of said cavity when said hitch ball is removed from said cavity.

9. A trailer hitch for connection to a hitch ball, said trailer hitch comprising:

a housing at least partially defining an open sided ball receiving cavity therein;

coupling means on said housing for coupling engagement with said hitch ball when said hitch ball is positioned in said cavity; and

a one-piece member adjacent said housing and having a position for preventing undesired removal of said hitch ball from said cavity and another position for covering the open side of said cavity when said hitch ball is removed from said cavity, said one-piece member comprising a locking plate pivotally mounted to said housing, said plate comprising;

a first end having a curvilinear notch therein positionable adjacent a neck of said hitch ball when said locking plate is in a coupled position; and

a substantially solid second end positionable across said open side of said cavity when said locking plate is in an uncoupled position.

14. The trailer hitch of claim 9 wherein said locking plate is pivoted through an angle of approximately 180°

from said coupled position to said uncoupled position.

15. The trailer hitch of claim 9 wherein said locking plate further has a variable free position between said coupled and uncoupled positions wherein said hitch ball may be inserted into and removed from said cavity.

16. The trailer hitch of claim 9 wherein:

said locking plate defines first and second holes through said first and second ends thereof, respectively; and

further comprising a lock mounted in said housing and having a lock member lockingly engageable with said second hole in said locking plate when said locking plate is in said coupled position and lockingly engageable with said first hole in said locking plate when said locking plate is in said second position.

17. The trailer hitch of claim 16 further comprising a guard plate disposed on an opposite side of said locking plate from said housing, said guard plate defining a hole therethrough, wherein said lock member is further engageable with said hole in said guard when engaged with one of said first and second holes in said locking plate.

18. The trailer hitch of claim 9 further comprising a guard adjacent a forward end of said housing and having a portion extending on an opposite side of said locking plate from said housing.

10. A trailer hitch for connection to a hitch ball, said trailer hitch comprising:

a housing at least partially defining an open sided ball receiving cavity therein;

coupling means on said housing for coupling engagement with said hitch ball when said hitch ball is positioned in said cavity; and

a one-piece member adjacent said housing and having a position for preventing undesired removal of said hitch ball from said cavity and another position for covering the open side of said cavity when said hitch ball is removed from said cavity, said one-piece member comprising a locking plate slidably disposed adjacent said housing, said locking plate having;

a free position spaced rearwardly from said cavity such that said hitch ball may be inserted into and removed from said cavity;

a coupled position wherein an edge of said locking plate is positioned adjacent a neck of said hitch ball; and

an uncoupled position covering said open side of said cavity.

11. The trailer hitch of claim 10 wherein:

a bottom plate is disposed below said locking plate and attached to said housing, said bottom plate defining a hole therethrough;

such holes in said locking plate are alignable with said hole in said bottom plate; and

said locking means is further lockingly engageable with said hole in said bottom plate.

19. The trailer hitch of claim 10 wherein:

said locking plate defines a pair of holes therethrough; and

further comprising a lock mounted in said housing and having a lock member lockingly engageable with one of said holes in said locking plate when said locking plate is in said coupled position and lockingly engageable with the other of said holes in said locking plate when said locking plate is in said uncoupled position.

20. The trailer hitch of claim 10 further comprising a handle extending from said locking plate.

21. The trailer hitch of claim 10 further comprising a bottom plate attached to said housing such that a channel is defined therebetween, said locking plate being positioned in said channel.

22. The trailer hitch of claim 21 wherein:

said bottom plate defines a hole therethrough;

said locking plate defines a pair of holes therethrough, selectively alignable with said hole in said bottom plate; and

further comprising a lock mounted in said housing and having a lock member positionable through said hole in said bottom plate and one of said holes in said locking plate when said locking plate is in said closed position and positionable through said hole in said bottom plate and the other of said holes in said locking plate when said locking plate is in said uncoupled position.

23. The trailer hitch of claim 21 wherein said bottom plate defines a longitudinally disposed slot therethrough;

and

further comprising an actuation pin attached to said locking plate and extending through said slot in said bottom plate.

12. A trailer hitch comprising:

a body defining a downwardly opening ball receiving cavity therein;

a pivot pin attached to said body;

a coupling mechanism disposed in said body for couplingly engaging and disengaging a hitch ball positioned in said ball receiving cavity;

a locking plate disposed below said body and comprising a first end defining a substantially C-shaped opening therein and a substantially solid second end, said locking plate being movable between;

a first position wherein a portion of said plate is adjacent a neck of said hitch ball;

a second position spaced from said cavity for allowing insertion of said hitch ball into said cavity and removal of said hitch ball from said cavity; and

a third position wherein a portion of said locking plate extends across said ball receiving cavity for preventing access thereto;

wherein said locking plate is pivotally mounted on said pivot pin for pivotation between said first, second and third positions of said locking plate.