Two-dimensional emulation of three-dimensional trackball

• US 5,019,809 A
• Filed: 02/14/1990
• Issued: 05/28/1991
• Est. Priority Date: 07/29/1988
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: University of Toronto Innovations Foundation
• Inventors: Chen, Michael
• Primary Examiner(s): Brier, Jeffery A.
• Application Number:
  US07/483,264
• Time in Patent Office: 468 Days
• Field of Search: 340/706, 340/709, 340/710, 340/724, 340/727, 340/729, 364/521, 364/522
• US Class Current: 340/815.42
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/038 Control and interface arrangements therefor, e.g. drivers or device-embedded control circuitry
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/04845 for image manipulation, e.g. dragging, rotation, expansion or change of colour

Abstract

A technique using a 2-dimensional input controller such as a mouse, a 2-D trackball, a joystick, a touch screen, a touch tablet or a digitizer for rotating an object displayed by a computer controlled video display system in 3-dimensional representation. A user visible reference circle is provided, and a pointer associated with the 2-D input controller is moved by the user relative to the reference circle in a control movement mode. Movement of the pointer within the reference circle produces rotation of the displayed object about arbitrary axes in 3-dimensional space, while movement of the pointer on or outside the reference circle produces rotation about a 3-dimensional axis that is oriented toward the viewer.

Claims

1. A method for rotating an object displayed in three-dimensional representation on a computer controlled video display system having a computer and a video display, the method comprising the steps of:

providing a reference circle;

providing a user actuated input controller for selectively positioning a reference indicator recognized by the computer;

signaling the computer to activate a control movement mode wherein the movement of the reference indicator in the control movement mode is for rotating the displayed object about an axis that is determined by the direction of the control movement of the reference indicator and the location of the control movement of the reference indicator relative to the reference circle;

moving the reference indicator in the control movement mode using the input controller by moving said input controller in two-dimensions to provide a defined movement; and

rotating the displayed object about any arbitrary axis in 3-dimensional space when said reference indicator is within said reference circle, said rotating being in accordance with the defined movement in the control movement mode.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein movement of the reference indicator on or outside the reference circle produces rotation about an axis that is oriented toward the viewer.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of signalling the computer to activate the control movement mode includes the step of activating a switch.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein the reference circle is, displayed on the video display.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein the reference circle is provided on the input controller.

6. A method for rotating an object displayed in 3-dimensional representation on a computer controlled video display system having a computer and a video display, the method comprising the steps of:

displaying a reference circle on the video display;

providing a pointer control device for selectively positioning a pointer displayed on the video display;

signaling the computer to activate a control movement mode wherein movement of the displayed pointer in the control movement mode is for rotating the displayed object about an axis that is determined by the direction of the control movement of the pointer and the location of the control movement of the pointer relative to the reference circle;

moving the pointer in the control movement mode using the pointer control device; and

rotating the displayed object in accordance with the movement of the pointer in the control movement mode.

7. The method of claim 6 wherein the reference circle encloses the displayed object to be rotated.

8. The method of claim 6 wherein control movement of the pointer on or outside the reference circle produces rotation about an axis that is oriented toward the viewer.

9. The method of claim 6 wherein the step of signaling the computer to activate the control movement mode includes the step of activating a switch.

10. The method of claim 9 wherein the pointer control device is a mouse.

11. The method of claim 10 wherein the switch in on the mouse.

12. The method of claim 10 wherein the mouse includes only one button.

13. A method for rotating an object displayed in three-dimensional representation on a computer controlled video display system having a computer and a video display, the method comprising the steps of:

providing a reference circle;

providing a user actuated input controller for selectively positioning a reference indicator recognized by the computer;

signalling the computer to activate a control movement mode wherein the movement of the reference indicator in the control movement mode is for rotating the displayed object about an axis that is determined by the direction of the control movement of the reference indicator and the location of the control movement of the reference indicator relative to the reference circle;

moving the reference indicator in the control movement mode using the input controller by moving said input controller in two dimensions to provide a defined movement; and

rotating the displayed object about any arbitrary axis in three-dimensional space when said reference indicator is within said reference circle, said rotating being in accordance with the defined movement in the control movement mode, wherein the rotation of the displayed object is defined solely by the direction of the movement of the reference indicator and the location of the control movement of the reference indicator relative to the reference circle, said arbitrary axis being user defined.

14. A method as in claim 13 wherein the movement of the reference indicator on or outside the reference circle produces rotation about only an axis that is oriented towards the viewer.

15. A method as in claim 13 wherein said input controller is a two-dimensional input controller.

16. A method as in claim 13 wherein movement of the reference indicator on or outside the reference circle produces rotation about only an axis that is oriented toward the viewer and wherein said input controller is a two-dimensional input controller.

17. A method as in claim 14 wherein the step of signaling the computer to activate the control movement mode includes the step of activating a switch and wherein the reference circle is displayed on the video display.

19. A method as in claim 14 wherein said input controller provides for kinesthetic correspondence between input controller motion and displayed object rotation.

20. A method as in claim 19 wherein said input controller is a mouse.

21. A method as in claim 15 wherein said input controller provides for kinesthetic correspondence between input controller motion and displayed object rotation.

22. A method as in claim 21 wherein said input controller is a mouse.

23. A method as in claim 16 wherein said input controller provides for kinesthetic correspondence between input controller motion and displayed object rotation.

26. A method as in claim 15 wherein said step of rotating the displayed object includes a step of computing a vector representing the axis of rotation.

27. A method as in claim 26 wherein the step of rotating the displayed object includes a step of determining the rotation such that a full sweep of the reference indicator across a diameter of the reference circle produces approximately 180 degrees of rotation.

28. A method as in claim 26 wherein the step of rotating the displayed object includes the step of determining the rotation such that a full sweep of the reference indicator around the edge of or outside the reference circle produces approximately 360 degrees of rotation about the Z axis.

18. A method as in clam 14 wherein said input controller is a two-dimensional input controller, and wherein the reference circle is displayed on the video display.

24. A method as in claim 18 wherein said input controller provides kinesthetic correspondence between input controller motion and displayed object rotation.

25. A method as in claim 24 wherein said input controller is a mouse.

29. A method for rotating an object displayed in three-dimensional representation on a computer controlled video display system having a computer and a video display, the method comprising the steps of:

providing a reference circle;

providing a user actuated input controller for selectively positioning a reference indicator recognized by the computer;

signaling the computer to activate a control movement mode wherein the movement of the reference indicator in the control movement mode is for rotating the displayed object about an axis that is determined by the direction of the control movement of the reference indicator and the location of the control movement of the reference indicator relative to the reference circle;

moving the reference indicator in two dimensions in the control movement mode to provide a defined movement; and

rotating the displayed object about any arbitrary axis in 3-dimensional space when said reference indicator is within said reference circle, said rotating being in accordance with the defined movement in the control movement mode.

30. A method for rotating an object displayed in three-dimensional representation on a computer controlled video display system having a computer and a video display, the method comprising the steps of:

providing a bounded reference region substantially resembling a circle;

providing a user actuated input controller for selectively positioning a reference indicator recognized by the computer;

signaling the computer to activate a control movement mode wherein the movement of the reference indicator in the control movement mode is for rotating the displayed object about an axis that is determined by the direction of the control movement of the reference indicator and the location of the control movement of the reference indicator relative to the bounded reference region;

moving the reference indicator in the control movement mode using the input controller by moving said input controller in two dimensions to provide a defined movement; and

rotating the displayed object about any arbitrary axis in three-dimensional space when said reference indicator is within said bounded reference region, said rotating being in accordance with the defined movement in the control movement mode, wherein the rotation of the displayed object is defined solely by the direction of the movement of the reference indicator and the location of the control movement of the reference indicator relative to said bounded reference region, said arbitrary axis being user defined.