System for the contactless exchange of data

• US 5,019,813 A
• Filed: 04/12/1988
• Issued: 05/28/1991
• Est. Priority Date: 04/13/1987
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: N.V. Nederlandsche Apparatenfabriek Nedap
• Original Assignee: N.V. Nederlandsche Apparatenfabriek "Nedap"
• Inventors: Kip, Harm J., Venema, Willem H. J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Yusko, Donald J.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Magistre, Dervis
• Application Number:
  US07/180,745
• Time in Patent Office: 1,141 Days
• Field of Search: 340/825.54, 340/825.34, 340/572, 340/825.3, 340/825.31, 340/573, 342/50, 342/51, 235/375, 235/449, 235/450
• US Class Current: 340/10.51
• CPC Class Codes: A01K 11/006 Automatic identification systems for animals, e.g. electronic devices, transponders for animals identification systems for access to feeding pens A01K1/0209; ear tags with electronic identification means A01K11/004
• CPC Class Codes: B61L 25/043 using inductive tags
• CPC Class Codes: B61L 25/048 using programmable tags
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/0008 General problems related to the reading of electronic memory record carriers, independent of its reading method, e.g. power transfer
• CPC Class Codes: G07C 9/28 the pass enabling tracking or indicating presence
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/2225 used in active tags, i.e. provided with its own power source or in passive tags, i.e. deriving power from RF signal
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 7/00 Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop

Abstract

A system for the contactless exchange of data between a transceiver and a passive data carrier is described. A prior data carrier comprises at least one digital memory and at least one digital control device for the memory. In it, the data carrier has a single-coil receiver circuit connected to a controllable switch device. In operation, the data carrier provides, in response to an electromagnetic a.c. field generated by a transceiver, via at least one rectifier, supply power for active components of the data carrier and clock signals for the control of digital components of the data carrier. According to the present invention, in order to provide for the possibility of bi-directional data exchange between a transceiver and a passsive data carrier, and in general, to provide a universally applicable data exchange system of the contactless kind, the transceiver is equipped with a modulator for amplitude modulating the a.c. field. The control device has two inputs for the supply of clock signals and data signals and includes level detectors cooperating with the inputs and arranged to allow the passage of an input signal voltage exceeding a pre-determined value as a valid input signal pulse. The coil is connected to the inputs through a two-branch voltage divider so that the voltage at the clock signal input is higher than that at the data signal input.

Claims

1. A system for the contactless exchange of data between a transceiver and a passive data carrier, said data carrier comprising at least one digital memory means and at least one digital control device for controlling said memory means, and wherein the data carrier has a single-coil receiver circuit connected to a controllable switch means and, in operation, in response to an electromagnetic a.c. field generated by a transceiver, provides via at least one rectifier means supply power to active components of the data carrier as well as clock signals for controlling digital components of the data carrier, characterized in that the transceiver comprises a modulator for the amplitude modulation of said a.c. field received by said coil receiver circuit and that the control device, connected to said coil through a two-branch voltage divider so the voltage at the clock signal input is higher than at the data signal input, has two inputs for receiving clock signals and data signals from the receiver circuit and includes level detectors cooperating with said inputs and arranged to allow the passage of an input signal voltage exceeding a pre-determined value as a valid input signal pulse to said memory means.

2. A system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the memory means is a non-volatile memory.

3. A system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the memory means is an EEPROM designed according to the IIC architecture.

4. A system as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the memory means is connected to the digital control device via an IIC bus, which comprises a serial data line and a clock line.

5. A system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the voltage which, in operation, prevails across the coil is supplied to the voltage divider connected parallel to a first single-acting rectifier means (D1), and that the switch means is connected to the coil in series with a second single-acting rectifier means (D2) acting oppositely to said first single-acting rectifier means (D1).

6. A system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the switch means has a control input connected to the digital control device.

7. A system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the modulator of the transceiver is arranged, in operation, to vary the modulation per period of the a.c. field.

8. A system for the contactless exchange of data between a transceiver and a passive data carrier, said data carrier comprising at least one digital memory means and at least one digital control device for controlling said memory means, and wherein the data carrier has a single-coil receiver circuit connected to a controllable switch means and, in operation, in response to an electromagnetic a.c. field generated by a transceiver, provides via at least one rectifier means supply power to active components of the data carrier as well as clock signals for controlling digital components of the data carrier, characterized in that the transceiver comprises a modulator for the amplitude modulation of said a.c. field received by said coil receiver circuit and that the control device, connected to said coil through a two-branch voltage divider so the voltage at the clock signal input is higher than at the data signal input has two inputs for receiving clock signals and data signals from the receiver circuit and includes level detectors cooperating with said inputs and arranged to allow the passage of an input signal voltage exceeding a pre-determined value as a valid input signal pulse and further characterized in that the memory means is an EEPROM designed according to the IIC architecture and is connected to the digital control device via an ICC bus, which comprises a serial data line and a clock line and the control device is arranged to form a control signal for the switch means with a frequency which is a submultiple of the frequency of the a.c. field, and whose phase relative to the a.c. field depends on the status of the serial data line.

9. A system as claimed in claim 8, further characterized in that the frequency of the control signal is half the frequency of the a.c. field.

11. A system as claimed in claim 8, further characterized in that the detector of the transceiver is arranged to reconstruct the control signal and to compare the phase of the reconstructed signal with that of the a.c. field.

12. A system as claimed in claim 8, further characterized in that the detector of the transceiver is arranged to determine the amplitude of successive peaks of the a.c. field and from it to determine the phase of the control signal.

13. A system as claimed in claim 8, further characterized in that the detector of the transceiver is arranged to determine a progressive average of the amplitude of the odd and the even peaks of the a.c. field and compare these with each other to determine the phase of the control signal.

10. A system for the contactless exchange of data between a transceiver and a passive data carrier, said data carrier comprising at least one digital memory means and at least one digital control device for controlling said memory means, and wherein the data carrier has a single-coil receiver circuit connected to a controllable switch means and, in operation, in response to an electromagnetic a.c. field generated by a transceiver, provides via at least one rectifier means supply power to active components of the data carrier as well as clock signals for controlling digital components of the data carrier, characterized in that the transceiver comprises a modulator for the amplitude modulation of said a.c. field received by said coil receiver circuit and that the control device, connected to said coil through a two-branch voltage divider so the voltage at the clock signal input is higher than at the data signal input, has two inputs for receiving clock signals and data signals from the receiver circuit and includes level detectors cooperating with said inputs and arranged to allow the passage of an input signal voltage exceeding a pre-determined value as valid input signal pulse and further characterized in that the memory means is an EEPROM designed according to the IIC architecture and is connected to the digital control device via an ICC bus, which comprises a serial data line and a clock line and the control device is arranged to form a control signal for the switch means with a frequency which is a submultiple of the frequency of the a.c. field, and whose phase relative to the a.c. field depends on the status of the serial data line;

and the control device is arranged, each time after the receipt of a pre-determined number of bits via the data input, to feed back the status of the serial data line by corresponding control of the switch means.

14. A system for the contactless exchange of data between a transceiver and a passive data carrier, said data carrier comprising at least one digital memory means and at least one digital control device for controlling said memory means, and wherein the data carrier has a single-coil receiver circuit connected to a controllable switch means and, in operation, in response to an electromagnetic a.c. field generated by a transceiver, provides via at least one rectifier means supply power to active components of the data carrier as well as clock signals for controlling digital components of the data carrier, characterized in that the transceiver comprises a modulator for the amplitude modulation of said a.c. field received by said coil receiver circuit and that the control device, connected to said coil through a two branch voltage divider so the voltage at the clock signal input is higher than at the data signal input, has two inputs for receiving clock signals and data signals from the receiver circuit and includes level detectors cooperating with said inputs and arranged to allow the passage of an input signal voltage exceeding a pre-determined value as a valid input signal pulse to said memory means and characterized by at least one sensor connector to the control device.

15. A system as claimed in claim 14, further characterized in that the sensor has built up a serial interface according to the IIC architecture.

16. A data carrier for use in a system for the contactless exchange of data between a transceiver and a passive data carrier, said data carrier comprising at least one digital memory means and at least one digital control device for controlling said memory means, and wherein the data carrier has a single-coil receiver circuit connected to a controllable switch means and, in operation, in response to an electromagnetic a.c. field generated by a transceiver, provides via at least one rectifier means supply power to active components of the data carrier as well as clock signals for controlling digital components of the data carrier, characterized in that the transceiver comprises a modulator for the amplitude modulation of said a.c. field received by said coil receiver circuit and that the control device, connected to said coil through a two branch voltage divider so the voltage at the clock signal input is higher than at the data signal input, has two inputs for receiving clock signals and data signals from the receiver circuit and includes level detectors cooperating with said inputs and arranged to allow the passage of an input signal voltage exceeding a pre-determined value as a valid input signal pulse to said memory means.

17. A system for the contactless exchange of data between a transceiver and a passive data carrier, said data carrier comprising at least one digital memory means and at least one digital control device for controlling said memory means, and wherein the data carrier has a single-coil receiver circuit connected to a controllable switch means and , in operation, in response to an electromagnetic a.c. field generated by a transceiver, provides via at least one rectifier means supply power to active components of the data carrier as well as clock signals for controlling digital components of the data carrier, characterized in that the transceiver comprises a modulator for the amplitude modulation of said a.c. field received by said coil receiver circuit and that the control device, connected to said coil through a two branch voltage divider so the voltage at the clock signal input is higher than at the data signal input, has two inputs for receiving clock signals and data signals from the receiver circuit and includes level detectors cooperating with said inputs and arranged to allow the passage of an input signal voltage exceeding a pre-determined value as a valid input signal pulse to said memory means and further characterized in that the transceiver includes means for varying the transmission power level between zero and a pre-determined maximum value and setting it at a level intermediate the level at which a data carrier just returns signals and a level at which the data carrier no longer perceives any difference between a binary "0" and a binary "1".