DC-to-AC voltage converter having galvanically separate input and output circuits

• US 5,019,955 A
• Filed: 03/14/1990
• Issued: 05/28/1991
• Est. Priority Date: 03/14/1989
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: N.V. Nederlandsche Apparatenfabriek "Nedap"
• Original Assignee: N.V. Nederlandsche Apparatenfabriek Nedap
• Inventors: Hoeksma, Gerben S.
• Primary Examiner(s): Wong, Peter S.
• Application Number:
  US07/494,104
• Time in Patent Office: 440 Days
• Field of Search: 363/19-21, 363/56, 363/97, 363/131, 323/289, 323/279, 307/270, 307/280, 307/300
• US Class Current: 363/21.07
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/3385 with automatic control of output voltage or current H02M3/33561 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 17/04213 in bipolar transistor switches

Abstract

A DC-to-AC voltage converter having galvanically separate onput and output circuits, and comprising a converter transformer having at least one primary winding; a resonance capacitor connected to said at least one primary winding; a switching transistor, of which the collector-emitter path is series-connected to the at least one primary winding; and drive means for the switching transistor, wherein charge storage in the base-collector area of the switching transistor provides base drive for the switching transistor, and further comprising control means for detecting an increase of the collector-emitter voltage (Uce) of the switching transistor and for providing in response to such an increase and at least in a period of time directly following the increase, an additional base drive current for the switching transistor, which additional base drive current is gradually increased at a predetermined rate in such a manner that the storage time of the switching transistor remains substantially constant over the operating range of the converter.

Claims

1. A DC-to-AC voltage converter having galvanically separate input and output circuits, and comprising a converter transformer having at least one primary winding;

a resonance capacitor connected to said at least one primary winding;

a switching transistor having a collector-emitter path series-connected tot he at least one primary winding and a base-collector area; and

drive means for the switching transistor, wherein charge storage in the base-collector area of the switching transistor provides base drive for the switching transistor;

control means for detecting an increase of voltage in the collector-emitter path of the switching transistor and for providing in response to such an increase and at least in a period to time directly following the increase an additional base drive current for the switching transistor, which additional base drive current is gradually increased at a predetermined rate in such a manner that a storage time of the switching transistor remains substantially constant over an operating range of the converter.

2. A DC-to-AC converter as claimed in claim 1, wherein the control means comprises a power field effect transistor having a main current path connected between the base of the switching transistor and a point of the converter that is connected to the emitter of the switching transistor, and the gate electrode of which is connected to a control circuit constituting part of the control means.

3. A DC-to-AC converter as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that at least one diode is series-connected between the emitter of the switching transistor and said point connected to the emitter.

4. A DC-to-AC converter as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that, in operation, the control circuit supplies a gradually increasing voltage to the gate electrode of the field effect transistor to provide a negative base drive for the switching transistor which increases at a pre-determined rate.

5. A DC-to-AC converter as claimed in claim 1, characterized by a transistor element which forms part of the control means, said transistor element having an output connected through a resistor to the base of the switching transistor, and a control input that is connected through at least one diode to the collector of the switching transistor and is controlled by a control voltage which is low so long as the collector-emitter voltage of the switching transistor is low, and which increases gradually as soon as the collector-emitter voltage of the switching transistor exceeds a pre-set value.

6. A converter as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the transistor element is formed as a follower circuit with two transistors, the collectors of which are connected to each other, the base of one transistor forming the control input and the emitter of the other transistor forming the output.

7. A converter as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that a supply terminal of the transistor element is connected without the intermediary of a smoothing capacitor direct, or through a rectifying element, to an auxiliary winding of the converter transformer.

8. A converter as claimed in any of claim 5, characterized in that the control input of the transistor element is connected through at least one capacitor to the emitter of the switching transistor.

9. A converter as claimed in any of claim 2, characterized in that the power field effect transistor comprises an integrated diode parallel to the main current path.

10. A converter as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the control circuit comprises controllable current source means which are connected through a feedback element with galvanic separation to the output circuit of the converter and which, under the control of signals provided by the feedback element in operation charge a capacitor which is connected direct to the gate electrode of the power field effect transistor.

11. A converter as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that the control circuit comprises a collector current limiter circuit which measures the voltage which in operation prevails across a current measuring resistor connected between the emitter of the switching transistor and negative input terminal of the converter, and that when a pre-determined threshold value of said voltage is exceeded supplies a control signal to the controllable current source means which in response to the control signal rapidly charge said capacitor.

12. A converter as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that the control circuit comprises a reset circuit which discharges said capacitor before the switching transistor assumes the conducting state.