Electroencephalic neurofeedback apparatus and method for bioelectrical frequency inhibition and facilitation

• US 5,024,235 A
• Filed: 02/26/1990
• Issued: 06/18/1991
• Est. Priority Date: 02/26/1990
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Margaret A. Ayers
• Original Assignee: Margaret A. Ayers
• Inventors: Ayers, Margaret A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Jaworski, Francis
• Assistant Examiner(s): Manuel, George
• Application Number:
  US07/484,824
• Time in Patent Office: 477 Days
• Field of Search: 128/731, 128/732, 128/905, 128/733, 600/26, 600/28
• US Class Current: 600/545
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/375 using biofeedback
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/377 using evoked responses
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 128/905 Feedback to patient of biological signal other than brain electric signal

Abstract

An improved method and apparatus for displaying and either inhibiting or promoting selected bioelectrical frequencies emitted by a living organism. The method includes the steps of detecting an analog bioelectrical signal, converting the signal to discrete digital signals representing corresponding frequencies and numerically analyzing the digital signals to determine the different bioelectrical frequencies emitted by the organism. Furthermore, a threshold amplitude associated with a selected digital signal can be established an auditory or visual signal can be sent to the organism to indicate whether the bioelectrical frequency under study is within or outside the threshold amplitude. With this information the organism can be taught to inhibit or facilitate the bioelectrical frequency. The apparatus comprises a pair of electrodes, an analog signal amplifier, an analog to digital converter, a selector to select a frequency of interest, a display monitor, and a computer to distinguish the digital signals as different frequencies, display the frequencies, and determine when the frequency is falling inside or outside a predetermined range. Also, a magnetic medium recording device is used to capture data. Finally, a lighting or sounding circuit is used to tell the organism whether the frequency under study is being inhibited or facilitated.

Claims

1. An improved method of inhibiting or facilitating analog bioelectrical frequencies in a person'"'"'s body comprising the steps of:

(a) detecting an analog bioelectrical signal at a selected location of the person'"'"'s body;

(b) amplifying said analog bioelectrical signal;

(c) converting the analog bioelectrical signal to digital signals representing particular frequencies;

(d) selecting a particular digital signal of interest;

(e) processing said particular digital signal of interest through a computing means using non-bandpass and non-power spectral analysis techniques and establishing an amplitude threshold voltage without delay and distortion resulting from bandpass and power spectral analysis for said particular digital signal;

(f) sending a signal to the person when said particular digital signal of interest falls within said amplitude threshold for a predetermined duration; and

(g) causing the person to mentally concentrate so as to affect the amplitude of said particular digital signal of interest, thereby affecting a certain corresponding analog bioelectrical frequency emitted at said selected location of the person'"'"'s body.

2. An improved method as claimed in claim 1 wherein subsequent to said step of establishing an amplitude for said particular digital signal, an additional step includes, integrating the amplitude of said selected digital signal with respect to duration and dividing a resulting value by said amplitude threshold voltage yielding a determination of whether voltage of said selected digital signal is changing, and thereby whether said analog bioelectrical frequency is being inhibited or accentuated.

3. An improved method as claimed in claim 2, further comprising the step of displaying said selected digital signal as a continuous waveform and displaying said voltage thresholds as horizontal lines associated with said continuous waveform to facilitate the determination of whether said corresponding analog bioelectrical frequency is being inhibited or accentuated.

4. An improved method as claimed in claim 3, further comprising the step of recording said digital signals on a magnetic medium of review and data manipulation.

5. An improved method as claimed in claim 1 further comprising the step of continuously displaying said particular digital signal of interest as a waveform changing with respect to time, and wherein said amplitude threshold voltage is displayed as a straight line.

6. An improved method as claimed in claim 5, further comprising the step of integrating amplitude of said particular digital signal of interest over time and dividing the integral by said amplitude threshold voltage, thereby allowing the determination of whether voltage is changing over time and whether said certain corresponding analog bioelectrical frequency is being inhibited or accentuated.

7. An improved method as claimed in claim 6, further comprising the step of suppressing extraneous signals unrelated to said analog bioelectrical signal of interest.

8. An improved method as claimed in claim 7, wherein said step of detecting an analog bioelectrical signal is achieved by using at least two electrodes positioned at said selected location of the person'"'"'s body, said step of amplifying is achieved by using a signal amplifier associated with said electrodes and which recognizes voltage potential between said electrodes, said step of converting is achieved by receiving signals representing voltage variations over time and using a means for converting said voltage variation to convert said voltage variations into digital pulses, wherein said step of selecting is achieved using a means for analyzing said digital pulses which receives said digital pulses corresponding to particular analog bioelectrical frequencies, wherein said step of sending is achieved by use of a means for displaying a sensation to the person when said analog bioelectrical frequency recognized between said electrodes falls within a predetermined range for a predetermined duration, wherein said step of displaying is achieved using a waveform scroller means for displaying particular digital signals as a continuous wave over time and a monitor means for displaying said continuous wave over time as plotted by said waveform scroller means, wherein said step of integrating is achieved using a means for computing integrals, and wherein said step of recording is achieved using a means for recording said digital signals to a magnetic medium.

9. An improved method of inhibiting or facilitating analog bioelectrical frequencies in an organism body comprising the steps of:

(a) detecting an analog bioelectrical signal at a selected location of the organism;

(b) amplifying said analog bioelectrical signal;

(c) converting the analog bioelectrical signal to digital signals representing particular frequencies;

(d) selecting a particular digital signal of interest;

(e) processing said particular digital signal of interest through a computing means using non-bandpass and non-power spectral analysis techniques and establishing an amplitude threshold voltage for said particular digital signal, wherein subsequent to said step of establishing an amplitude for said particular digital signal, an additional step includes, integrating the amplitude of said selected digital signal with respect to duration and dividing a resulting value by said amplitude threshold voltage yielding a determination of whether voltage of said selected digital signal is changing without the delay and distortions associated with power spectral and bandpass analysis.

10. An improved method as claimed in claim 9, further comprising the step of displaying said selected digital signal as a continuous waveform and displaying said voltage thresholds as horizontal lines associated with said continuous waveform to facilitate the determination of whether said corresponding analog bioelectrical frequency is being inhibited or accentuated, and further comprising the step of recording said digital signals on a magnetic medium for review and data manipulation.

11. An improved method as claimed in claim 9, further comprising the step of continuously displaying said particular digital signal of interest as a waveform changing with respect to time, and wherein said amplitude threshold voltage is displayed as a straight line, and further comprising the step of integrating amplitude of said particular digital signal of interest over time and dividing the integral by said amplitude threshold voltage, thereby allowing the determination of whether voltage is changing over time and whether said certain corresponding analog bioelectrical frequency is being inhibited or accentuated.

12. An improved method as claimed in claim 11, further comprising the step of suppressing extraneous signals unrelated to said analog bioelectrical signal of interest, and wherein said step of detecting an analog bioelectrical signal is achieved by using at least two electrodes positioned at said selected location of the organism, said step of amplifying is achieved by using a signal amplifier associated with said electrodes and which recognizes voltage potential between said electrodes, said step of converting is achieved by receiving signals representing voltage variations over time and using a means for converting said voltage variation to convert said voltage variations into digital pulses, wherein said step of selecting is achieved using a means for analyzing said digital pulses which receives said digital pulses corresponding to particular analog bioelectrical frequencies, wherein said step of displaying is achieved using a waveform scroller means for displaying particular digital signals as a continuous wave over time and a monitor means for displaying said continuous wave over time as plotted by said waveform scroller means, wherein said step of integrating is achieved using a means for computing integrals, and wherein said step of recording is achieved using a means for recording said digital signals to a magnetic medium.