Sheets of stretched and polarized polymer materials and method of manufacturer

• US 5,024,872 A
• Filed: 08/13/1987
• Issued: 06/18/1991
• Est. Priority Date: 02/27/1986
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Raytheon Company (Rtx Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Raytheon Company (Rtx Corporation)
• Inventors: Tancrell, Roger H., Wilson, David T.
• Primary Examiner(s): Herbert, Thomas J.
• Application Number:
  US07/086,176
• Time in Patent Office: 1,405 Days
• Field of Search: 428/421, 428/422, 428/212, 428/208, 367/169, 367/159, 367/151, 367/140, 367/163, 310/311, 178/63 R
• US Class Current: 428/212
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 2250/246 All polymers belonging to those covered by groups B32B27/32 and B32B27/30
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 2250/40 Symmetrical or sandwich layers, e.g. ABA, ABCBA, ABCCBA
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 2307/20 having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 2327/12 containing fluorine
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 27/06 as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material next to a layer of a particular substance B32B9/045; next to a bituminous or tarry layer B32B11/046; next to a water setting substance layer B32B13/12; next to a metal layer B32B15/08; next to a glass layer B32B17/10; next to a layer formed of natural mineral fibres or particles B32B19/045; next to a wood layer B32B21/08; next to a cellulosic plastic layer B32B23/08; next to a natural or synthetic rubber layer B32B25/08
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 27/08 of synthetic resin
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 27/304 comprising vinyl halide (co)polymers, e.g. PVC, PVDC, PVF, PVDF
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 7/022 Mechanical properties
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 7/025 Electric or magnetic properties
• CPC Class Codes: H10N 30/045 by polarising
• CPC Class Codes: H10N 30/098 Forming organic materials
• CPC Class Codes: H10N 30/857 Macromolecular compositions
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/24942 including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/3154 Of fluorinated addition polymer from unsaturated monomers

Abstract

A sheet of polymer material is secured between a pair of clamping members. The sheet is directed through a localized heated region to provide a localized heated portion of said sheet. A first one of said clamping members is pulled away from the second clamping members to stretch said sheet and create from the localized heated portion of said sheet a neck-down region. The neck-down region separates providing a pair of neck-down region portions and a reduced thickness portion or stretched portion of the sheet between said neck-down region portions. One of said neck-down regions propagates along unstretched portions of the sheet as the movable clamping member moves away from the fixed clamping member while the other neck-down region remains adjacent the fixed member. This propagating neck-down region portion of the sheet is kept within the localized heated region by moving the localized heated region at a rate related to the rate which unstretched material of the sheet is fed into the neck-down region portion. While the neck-down region portion is maintained within the localized heated region, an electric field is applied to the neck-down region portion to polarize the film.

Claims

1. A sheet comprising:

a molecularly polarized polymer material having a multilayered structure comprising;

a pair of outer surface layers of said sheet each surface layer having a first modulus of elasticity, a first density, a first hydrostatic charge sensitivity and a first relative permittivity; and

an inner region of said sheet disposed between said pair of outer surface layers of the sheet having a second modulus of elasticity which is lower than the modulus of elasticity of each of said pair of outer surface layers, a second density which is lower than the density of said pair of outer surface layers, a second hydrostatic charge sensitivity which is higher than the hydrostatic charge sensitivity of said pair of outer surface layers, and a relative permittivity which is lower than the relative permittivity of said pair of outer surface layers.

2. The sheet as recited in claim 1 wherein the first relative permittivity is in the range of 9.5 to 12 and the second relative permittivity is the range of 5 to 8.

3. The sheet as recited in claim 1 wherein said polymer material comprises polyvinyldene fluoride.

4. A sheet comprising:

a molecularly polarized polymer material with said sheet having a multilayered cross section comprising;

a first outer surface layer having a first modulus of elasticity and a first density;

a second outer surface layer having a second modulus of elasticity and a second density; and

an inner region layer disposed between said first and second outer surface layers having a third modulus of elasticity and a third density;

wherein said first and second moduli are each higher than the third modulus, and the first and second density are each higher than the third density.

5. The sheet of claim 4 wherein the polymer comprises polyvinyldene fluoride.

6. The sheet of claim 4 wherein the first and second moduli are substantially equal and the first and second densities are substantially equal.

7. The sheet of claim 6 wherein the polymer comprises polyvinyldene fluoride.

8. A sheet comprising:

a molecularly polarized polymer material having a multilayered cross-section with first and second outer surface regions, each having a first density and first hydrostatic charge sensitivity and an inner region disposed between said first and second outer surface regions having a second lower, density than said first density and second hydrostatic charge sensitivity; and

said sheet having a substantially constant hydrostatic charge sensitivity as a function of operating temperature over the temperature range of 25°

C. to 90°

C.

9. The sheet of claim 8 wherein the polymer is polyvinylidene fluoride.

10. The sheet of claim 9 comprising:

a pair of conductive electrodes disposed on first and second opposing surfaces of said sheet.

11. The sheet of claim 10 wherein said first and second outer surface regions each are about 18 -22% of the total thickness through the cross section of the sheet and the central region is about the remainder of the thickness of the sheet.

12. The sheet of claim 11 wherein said sheet has a thickness in the range of about 360 μ

m to 580 μ

m and a hydrostatic charge senstivity of at least 18.1 ρ

C/N.

13. The sheet of claim 12 wherein said sheet further has voltage sensitivity of at least about -197db re (lV/μ

Pa) over the temperature range of about +25°

C. to +90°

C.