Method and system for pulse interval modulation

• US 5,026,156 A
• Filed: 07/24/1972
• Issued: 06/25/1991
• Est. Priority Date: 07/24/1972
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Lockheed Martin Corporation (Martin Marietta Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Martin Marietta Corporation
• Inventors: Layton, Allen C., Weidler, Roy C. Jr., Bayston, Thomas E., Thompson, Arthur B. Jr.
• Primary Examiner(s): Buczinski, Stephen C.
• Application Number:
  US05/277,180
• Time in Patent Office: 6,910 Days
• Field of Search: 340/206, 235/150.3, 343/5 DP, 343/5 PD, 343/6.5 LC, 343/17.1 R, 343/17.1 PR, 343/18 E, 356/152, 356/4, 356/5, 244/3.16, 244/3.13, 244/3.16, 325/143, 455/604, 455/606, 455/611, 375/23, 342/13, 342/16, 342/189, 364/728.03
• US Class Current: 356/5.01
• CPC Class Codes: F41G 7/226 Semi-active homing systems, i.e. comprising a receiver and involving auxiliary illuminating means, e.g. using auxiliary guiding missiles
• CPC Class Codes: F41G 7/2293 using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/495 Counter-measures or counter-counter-measures using electronic or electro-optical means
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 7/04 Position modulation, i.e. PPM

Abstract

A system and method for pulse interval modulating signals in accordance with a code wherein the code resides in the spacing between adjacent pulses. The invention has particular utility in connection with laser designators and laser seekers and, while clearly not limited to this application, is disclosed hereinafter mainly in connection with laser designators and seekers. In connection with this laser environment, the invention may include a pulse interval modulation encoder for encoding the laser designator output signal and a pulse interval modulation decoder for decoding by the laser seeker of the encoded designator signal. The encoder preferably employs an ordered arrangement of unique pulse interval pairs which cyclically repeats after a relatively long time period. Because of the length of the time period and the apparent randomness of the intervals forming the unique interval pairs, the code appears to enemy countermeasures to be random. The decoder is, however, capable of recognizing the code from a particular designator by locally generating the same ordered set of unique interval pairs for comparison with the incoming designator signal. Thus, a number of laser designators may be operated selectively with predetermined seekers in the same area.

Claims

1. A reflected wave energy system comprising:

means for transmitting a psuedo-random, cyclically repetitive code including a series of pulses of wave energy, the spacing of the pulses of said code defining a plurality of sequential pairs of time intervals, each pair of time intervals being unique within one cycle of said code;

means for receiving pulses of wave energy;

a first shift register;

means responsive to said pulse receiving means for clocking pulses into a first serial shift register at a first predetermined rate;

means for generating a series of pulses defining said psuedo-random, cyclically repetitive code;

a second shift register;

means responsive to said pulse generating means for clocking pulses into said second shift register at a second predetermined rate higher than said first predetermined rate;

means for comparing the signal levels of corresponding stages of said first and second shift registers; and

,

means responsive to said comparison means for generating a specific signal.

2. The system of claim 1 wherein said specific signal generating means is responsive to a predetermined comparison of at least three corresponding stages of said first and second shift registers.

3. The system of claim 1 wherein said transmitting means includes:

first means for storing a plurality of unique digital words each at a location assigned a predetermined address;

means for selectively addressing one of said predetermined locations to read the digital word stored at said one of said locations; and

,

means for spacing sequential pulses in accordance with a time interval related in duration to the digital word read from said one of said locations.

4. The system of claim 3 wherein said addressing means comprises:

means for selectively generating an initial address signal corresponding to one of said predetermined addresses assigned to said locations;

means for generating a second address signal;

means for addressing said one of said locations responsively to said initial and second address signals; and

,

wherein a set of predetermined, unique, cyclically repetitive codes is defined by the locations of said stored plurality of unique digital words in said storing means, a desired one of said set of unique codes being selected responsively to said initial address signal.

5. Apparatus for selecting a desired transmitted series of pulses of wave energy in the presence of undesired pulses comprising:

means for modulating the spacing between adjacent pulses of the transmitted series of pulses in accordance with a selected psuedo-random code which repeats after one cycle of a predetermined number of pulses, the spacing between adjacent pairs of pulses differing for all pulse pairs in the code;

means for receiving both the undesired and the transmitted series of pulses;

means for generating a series of pulses spaced in a manner related to the selected psuedo-random code and equal in number to at least one cycle of the code; and

,

means for successively comparing the spacing between a predetermined number of said received pulses with the spacing between said generated pulses.

6. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein said modulating means and said generting means both include:

first means for storing a plurality of unique digital words each at a location assigned a predetermined address;

means for selectively addressing one of said predetermined locations to read the digital word stored at said one of said locations; and

,

means for spacing sequential pulses in accordance with a time interval related in duration to the digital word read from said one of said locations.

7. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein said addressing means comprises:

means for selectively generating an initial address signal corresponding to one of said predetermined addresses assigned to said locations;

means for generating a second address signal;

means for addressing said one of said locations responsively to said initial and second address signals; and

,

wherein a set of predetermined, unique, cyclically repetitive codes is defined by the locations of said stored plurality of unique digital words in said storing means, a desired one of said set of unique codes being selected responsively to said initial address signal.

8. An encoder comprising:

pulse generating means;

means for establishing a plurality of different time intervals; and

,

means for modulating the spacing of adjacent pulses generated by said pulse generating means in accordance with unique pairs of time intervals selected in a predetermined order to thereby encode the pulse signal as an ordered series of unique time interval pairs.

9. The encoder of claim 8 wherein the number of time intervals is an integer and the maximum number of unique time interval pairs is an integer equal to the square of the number of time intervals.

10. The encoder of claim 9 wherein a predetermined number of unique time interval pairs comprises one cycle of the encoded pulse signal.

11. Apparatus for decoding an incoming signal encoded in accordance with a predetermined code while simultaneously searching for an incoming signal encoded in accordance with said first predetermined code comprising:

means for generating first and second signals encoded in accordance with the predetermined code;

means for comparing the encoded incoming signal with said first signal at a comparison rate higher than the repetition rate of the incoming signal;

means for synchronizing said second signal with the encoded incoming signal in response to a favorable comparison;

means for gating the encoded incoming signal to a utilization device in response to the synchronized second signal;

means for continuing the comparing of the encoded incoming signal with said first signal at said comparison rate after synchronizing the second signal;

means for correlating the code positions in the encoded incoming signal indicated by said first and second signals in response to each further favorable comparison; and

,

means for synchronizing said second signal with a first received encoded incoming signal in response to said correlating means.

12. A method for synchronizing a receiver to a transmitted series of pulses of wave energy of wave energy comprising the steps of:

(a) transmitting a series of pulses of wave energy spaced according to a selected psuedo-random, cyclically repetitive code wherein the spacing of the pulses defines a plurality of sequential pairs of intervals with each pair of intervals being unique within one cycle of the code;

(b) receiving the pulses of wave energy;

(c) shifting the received pulses into a first serial shift register clocked at a first rate;

(d) generating a series of pulses defining pulse pairs spaced in a manner related to and in the same sequence as the pulse pairs of the transmitted pulses;

(e) shifting the generated series of pulses into a second shift register clocked at a second predetermined rate higher than the first predetermined rate;

(f) comparing the signal levels of corresponding stages of the first and second shift registers; and

,

(g) generating a synchronization signal in response to a favorable comparison of the signal levels of at least three corresponding stages of the first and second shift registers.

13. The method of claim 12 wherein said series of pulses of wave energy are spaced by:

storing a plurality of digital words each at a location assigned a predetermined address;

selectively addressing one of said predetermined locations to read the digital word stored at said one of said locations; and

,

spacing sequential pulses in accordance with a time interval related in duration to the digital word read from said one of said locations.

14. The method of claim 13 wherein a set of predetermined, unique, cyclically repetitive codes is defined by the locations of said stored plurality of digital words, and including the step of selectively generating an initial address signal to select one code of said set of codes.

15. A method for selecting a desired transmitted series of pulses of wave energy in the presence of interfering pulses comprising the steps of:

(a) modulating the spacing between adjacent pulses of a transmitted series of pulses in accordance with a selected psuedo-random code which repeats after one cycle of a predetermined number of pulses, the spacing between adjacent pairs of pulses differing for all pulse pairs in the one cycle of the code;

(b) receiving the transmitted series of pulses in the presence of interfering pulses;

(c) generating a series of pulses spaced in relation to the selected psuedo-random code and equal in number to at least one cycle of the code; and

,

(d) successively comparing the spacing between a predetermined number of the received pulses and the spacing between the generated pulses until at least two successive spaces compare favorably.

16. The method of claim 15 wherein the spacing between adjacent pulses is modulated by:

storing a plurality of digital words each at a location assigned a predetermined address;

selectively addressing one of said predetermined locations to read the digital word stored at said one of said locations; and

,

spacing sequential pulses in accordance with a time interval related in duration to the digital word read from said one of said locations.

17. A method for encoding a pulse signal comprising the steps of:

(a) establishing a plurality of different time intervals; and

,

(b) spacing adjacent pulse pair of the pulse signal in accordance with unique pairs of said intervals selected in a predetermined order to thereby encode the pulse signal as an ordered series of interpulse interval pairs, the interpulse intervals defined by three consecutive pulses of the pulse signal being unique.

18. The method of claim 17 wherein the time intervals are established by storing a plurality of digital words each representing a unique time interval at locations assigned predetermined addresses.

19. The method of claim 18 wherein the adjacent pulse pairs are spaced by:

selectively addressing said predetermined locations in a selectable sequence to sequentially read the digital words stored at said locations; and

,

spacing sequential adjacent pulses of the pulse signal in accordance with a time interval related in duration to the digital words read from said locations.

20. The method of claim 19 wherein a set of predetermined, unique, cyclically repetitive codes is defined by the locations of said stored plurality of digital words, and including the step of selectively generating an initial address signal to select one code of said set of codes.

21. The method of claim 17 wherein the number of time intervals is an integer and wherein the maximum number of unique interpulse interval pairs is an interger equal to the square of the number of time intervals.

22. The method of claim 21 wherein a number of unique interpulse interval pairs in one cycle of the encoded pulse signal equals the square of the number of time intervals and wherein the cycle is repeated.

23. A method for decoding an incoming signal encoded in accordance with a predetermined code while simultaneously searching for an incoming signal encoded in accordance with the predetermined code comprising the steps of:

(a) generating first and second signals encoded in accordance with the predetermined code;

(b) comparing the encoded incoming signal with the first signal at a comparison rate higher than the repetition rate of the incoming signal;

(c) synchronizing the second signal with the encoded incoming signal in response to a favorable comparison;

(d) gating the encoded incoming signal to a utilization device in response to the synchronized second signal;

(e) continuing the comparing of the encoded incoming signal with the first signal at said comparison rate after synchronizing the second signal;

(f) correlating the code positions in the encoded incoming signal indicated by the first and second signals in response to each further favorable comparison; and

,

(g) synchronizing the second signal with the first received encoded incoming signal in response to the correlation.

24. Apparatus for selectively generating an encoded pulse signal comprising:

a read only memory having a plurality of unique digital words each stored at a location assigned a predetermined address;

means for selectively addressing said predetermined locations to read the digital words stored at said locations; and

,

means for spacing sequential pulses in accordance with pairs of time intervals related in duration to digital words read from said locations.

25. The apparatus of claim 24 wherein each of said unique digital words represents a unique time interval.

26. The apparatus of claim 24 wherein said spacing means comprises:

means for generating a series of spaced pulses; and

,

means for modifying the spacing between said pulses responsively to the digital word read from said one of said locations.

27. Apparatus for selectively generating an encoded pulse signal comprising:

first means for storing a plurality of unique digital words each at a location assigned a predetermined address;

means for selectively generating an initial address signal corresponding to one of said predetermined addresses assigned to said locations;

means for generating a second address signal;

means for selectively addressing one of said predetermined locations to read the digital word at said one of said locations responsively to said initial and second address signals;

means for generating a series of spaced pulses; and

,

means responsive to said pulse generating means for generating a sequential pulse spaced in accordance with the digital word read from said addressed one of said locations.

28. The apparatus of claim 27 wherein a set of predetermined, unique, cyclically repetitive codes is defined by the locations of said stored plurality of unique digital words in said storing means, a desired one of said set of unique codes being selected responsively to said initial address signal.

29. The apparatus of claim 28 wherein said storing means comprises a physically replaceable read only memory, whereby a read only memory having one arrangement of unique digital words stored therein can be replaced by a read only memory having another arrangement of unique digital words stored therein to thereby permit selection between different, unique sets of codes.

30. The apparatus of claim 27 including means for summing said initial address signal and said second address signal to generate a current address signal, said locations being addressed responsively to said current address signal.

31. The apparatus of claim 27 wherein said means for generating said second address signal includes:

a counter responsive to each pulse of said modified series of pulses for providing a digital output signal; and

,

means for enabling and inhibiting said counter, said second address signal being generated responsively to said counter output signal, said second address generating means providing a single predetermined second address signal when said counter is inhibited and a plurality of successive second address signals when said counter is enabled.

32. The apparatus of claim 31 wherein a set of predetermined, unique, cyclically repetitive codes is defined by the locations of said stored plurality of unique digital words in said storing means, a desired one of said set of unique codes being selected responsively to said initial address signal.

33. The apparatus of claim 32 wherein said storing means comprises a physically replaceable read only memory, whereby a read only memory having one arrangement of unique digital words stored therein can be replaced by a read only memory having another arrangement of unique digital words stored therein to thereby permit selection between different, unique sets of codes.

34. The apparatus of claim 31 wherein said means for generating said second address signal includes:

second means for storing a plurality of digital words each representing a partial sum of a plurality of unique address differences and each stored at a location assigned a predetermined address; and

,

means for addressing one of said locations of said second storing means responsively to said counter output signal to select the partial sum of said unique address differences stored at that location, said one of said locations of said first storing means being addressed responsively to said initial address signal and said selected partial sum.

35. The apparatus of claim 34 wherein said first and second storing means each comprise a read only memory.

36. Apparatus for selectively generating an encoded pulse signal comprising:

first means for storing a plurality of unique digital words each at a location assigned a predetermined address;

means for selectively addressing one of said predetermined locations to read the digital word stored at said one of said locations; and

,

means for spacing sequential pulses in accordance with a time interval related in duration to the digital word read from said one of said locations,

said addressing means including;

means for selectively generating an initial address signal corresponding to one of said predetermined addresses assigned to said locations;

a counter responsive to each of said spaced sequential pulses for providing a digital output signal;

means for enabling said counter to generate a plurality of successive subsequent address signals; and

,

means for successively addressing different ones of said pre-determined locations responsively to said initial and subsequent address signals to successively read said digital words stored at said different ones of said locations.

37. The apparatus of claim 36 wherein said spacing means comprises:

means for generating a series of spaced pulses; and

,

means for modifying the spacing between successive pairs of said pulses responsively to the successively addressed digital words.

38. The apparatus of claim 36 wherein a set of predetermined, unique, cyclically repetitive codes is defined by the locations of said stored plurality of unique digital words in said storing means, a desired one of said set of unique codes being selected responsively to said initial address signal.

39. The apparatus of claim 38 wherein said storing means comprises a physically replaceable read only memory, whereby a read only memory having one arrangement of unique digital words stored therein can be replaced by a read only memory having another arrangement of unique digital words stored therein to thereby permit selection between different, unique sets of codes.

40. A pulse interval modulation encoder comprising:

first means for storing a plurality of digital words each representing a unique time interval and each stored at a location assigned a predetermined address;

means for selectively generating an initial address signal;

means for sequentially generating subsequent address signals;

means for selectively reading said stored plurality of digital words responsively to said initial and subsequent address signals;

means for generating a series of spaced pulses; and

,

means for modifying the spacing between successive pairs of pulses in said series of pulses in response to said selectively read digital words.

41. The encoder of claim 40 wherein a set of predetermined, unique, cyclically repetitive codes is defined by the locations of said stored plurality of unique digital words in said storing means, a desired one of said set of unique codes being selected responsively to said initial address signal.

42. The encoder of claim 41 wherein said storing means comprises a physically replaceable read only memory, whereby a read only memory having one arrangement of unique digital words stored therein can be replaced by a read only memory having another arrangement of unique digital words stored therein to thereby permit selection between different, unique sets of codes.

43. The encoder of claim 40 wherein said means for generating subsequent address signals comprises:

a counter responsive to each pulse of said modified series of pulses for providing a digital output signal; and

,

means for enabling and inhibiting said counter, said subsequent address signals being generated responsively to said counter output signal, said subsequent address signal generating means providing identical predetermined subsequent address signals when said counter is inhibited and a plurality of different subsequent address signals when said counter is enabled.

44. The encoder of claim 43 wherein said means for generating subsequent address signals includes:

second means for storing a plurality of digital words each representing a partial sum of a plurality of unique address differences and each stored at a location assigned a predetermined address; and

,

means for addressing one of said locations of said second storing means responsively to said counter output signal to select the partial sum of said unique address differences stored at that location and to thereby generate said subsequent address signal, whereby the addressing of said one of said locations of said first storing means by said initial and subsequent address signals is relatively immune to spurious noise pulses.

45. The encoder of claim 44 wherein said first and second storing means each comprise a read only memory.

46. Apparatus for selecting a coded series of pulses from a received signal in the presence of interfering pulses comprising:

first storing means for storing a plurality of digital words each representing a unique time interval and each stored at a location assigned a predetermined address;

first addressing means for selectively addressing one of said predetermined locations to read the digital word stored at said one of said locations;

first generating means for generating a first series of pulses;

first modulating means for modulating the spacing between two pulses in said series of pulses in accordance with the time interval represented by the digital word read from said first storing means;

means for comparing the spacing between pulses of the received signal with spacing between pulses of the modulated first series of pulses;

means for generating a gating signal synchronized to the coded series of pulses in the received signal in response to a favorable comparison; and

,

means for selectively gating the received signal in response to said gating signal.

47. The apparatus of claim 46 wherein said gating signal generating means comprises:

second storing means for storing a plurality of digital words each representing a unique time interval and each stored at a location assigned a predetermined address;

second addressing means for selectively addressing one of said predetermined locations to read the digital word stored at said one of said locations;

second generating means for generating a second series of pulses;

second modulating means for modulating the spacing between two pulses in said second series of pulses in accordance with the time interval represented by the digital word read from said second storing means to generate said gating signal; and

,

means for synchronizing said second addressing means to said first addressing means in response to a favorable comparison by said comparing means.

48. The apparatus of claim 46 wherein said comparing means comprises:

first and second shift registers;

means for shifting the received coded series of pulses into said first shift register at a first predetermined rate;

means for shifting said modulated first series of pulses into said second shift register at a second predetermined rate higher than said first rate; and

,

means for comparing the signal levels of corresponding stages of said first and second shift registers.

49. The apparatus of claim 48 wherein said gating signal generating means comprises:

second storing means for storing a plurality of digital words each representing a unique time interval and each stored at a location assigned a predetermined address;

second addressing means for selectively addressing one of said predetermined locations to read the digital word stored at said one of said locations;

second generating means for generating a second series of pulses;

second modulating means for modulating the spacing between two pulses in said second series of pulses in accordance with the time interval represented by the digital word read from said second storing means to generate said gating signal; and

,

means for synchronizing said second addressing means to said first addressing means in response to a favorable comparison by said comparing means.

50. The apparatus of claim 48 wherein said comparing means includes means for generating a specific output signal in response to a favorable comparison between three corresponding stages of said first and second shift registers, said gating signal generating means being responsive to said specific output signal.

51. A laser target designation and tracking system comprising:

a laser transmitter at a first location for transmitting a series of pulses of light wave energy toward a target;

means at said first location for modulating the spacing between the pulses of said series of pulses in accordance with a predetermined cyclically repetitive code, the spacing of the pulses defining a plurality of sequential pairs of time intervals, each pair of time intervals being unique for one cycle of the code;

means at a second location for receiving light wave energy reflected from the target;

means at said second location for generating a series of pulses spaced in accordance with said predetermined code; and

,

means at said second location for comparing the received light wave energy with said generated series of pulses to detect said predetermined code.

52. The system of claim 51 wherein said modulating means includes means for selectively generating any code in a set of predetermined, unique, cyclically repetitive codes, the spacing between the pulses of said series of pulses being modulated in accordance with the selectively generated code.

53. The system of claim 52 wherein each selectively generated code of said set of predetermined, unique, cyclically repetitive codes comprises a plurality of sequential, unique pairs of time intervals, each pair of time intervals in each code of said set of codes being unique.

54. The system of claim 53 wherein said modulating means comprises:

first means for storing a plurality of digital words each representing a unique time interval and each stored at a location assigned a predetermined address;

means for selectively generating an initial address signal;

means for sequentially generating subsequent address signals;

means for selectively reading said stored plurality of digital words responsively to said initial and subsequent address signals;

means for generating a series of spaced pulses;

means for modifying the spacing between successive pairs of pulses in said series of pulses in response to said selectively read digital words; and

,

means for applying said modified series of pulses to said laser transmitter.

55. The system of claim 54 wherein a desired code in said set of codes is selected in response to the generated initial address signal.

56. The system of claim 51 wherein said modulating means comprises:

first means for storing a plurality of digital words each representing a unique time interval and each stored at a location assigned a predetermined address;

means for selectively generating an initial address signal;

means for sequentially generating subsequent address signals;

means for selectively reading said stored plurality of digital words responsively to said initial and subsequent address signals;

means for generating a series of spaced pulses;

means for modifying the spacing between successive pairs of pulses in said series of pulses in response to said selectively read digital words; and

,

means for applying said modified series of pulses to said laser transmitter.

57. The system of claim 56 wherein said means for generating subsequent address signals comprises:

a counter responsive to each pulse of said modified series of pulses for providing a digital output signal; and

,

means for enabling and inhibiting said counter, said subsequent address signal being generated responsively to said counter output signal, said subsequent address signal generating means providing a single predetermined subsequent address signal when said counter is inhibited and a plurality of successive subsequent address signals when said counter is enabled.

58. The system of claim 57 wherein said means for generating said subsequent address signal includes:

second means for storing a plurality of digital words each representing a partial sum of a plurality of unique address differences and each stored at a location assigned a predetermined address; and

,

means for addressing one of said locations of said second storing means responsively to said counter output signal to select the partial sum of said unique address differences stored at that location and to thereby generate said subsequent address signal, whereby the addressing of said one of said locations of said first storing means responsively to said initial and subsequent address signals is relatively immune to spurious noise pulses.

59. The system of claim 58 wherein said first and second storing means each comprise a read only memory.

60. A coded wave energy transmitting and receiving system comprising:

a transmitter adapted to transmit a series of pulses applied thereto in the form of wave energy;

a read only memory having a plurality of stored digital words each representing a unique time interval and each stored at a location assigned a predetermined address;

first means for selectively addressing said predetermined locations of said first storing means to sequentially read the digital words stored at said locations in accordance with a sequence providing words representing unique pairs of time intervals;

first means for generating a series of spaced pulses;

means for modifying the spacing between the pulses of said series of pulses responsively to the digital words sequentially read from said locations;

circuit means for applying said modified series of pulses to said transmitter for transmission thereof in the form of wave energy; and

,

means for receiving said modified series of pulses transmitted in the form of wave energy.

61. A coded wave energy transmitting and receiving system comprising:

a transmitter adapted to transmit a series of pulses applied thereto in the form of wave energy;

first means for storing a plurality of digital words each representing a unique time interval and each stored at a location assigned a predetermined address;

first means for selectively addressing one of said predetermined locations of said first storing means to read the digital word stored at that location;

first means for generating a series of spaced pulses;

means for modifying the spacing between the pulses of said series of pulses responsively to the digital word read from said one of said locations;

circuit means for applying said modified series of pulses to said transmitter for transmission thereof in the form of wave energy; and

,

means for receiving said modified series of pulses transmitted in the form of wave energy,

said address means including;

means for selectively generating an initial address signal corresponding to one of said predetermined addresses assigned to said locations;

means for generating a second address signal; and

,

means for addressing said one of said locations responsively to said initial and second address signals.

62. The system of claim 61 including means for summing said initial address signal and said second address signal to generate a current address signal, said locations being addressed responsively to said current address signal.

63. The system of claim 61 wherein said means for generating said second address signal includes:

a counter responsive to each pulse of said modified series of pulses for providing a digital output signal; and

,

means for enabling and inhibiting said counter, said second address signal being generated responsively to said counter output signal, said second address generating means providing a single predetermined second address signal when said counter is inhibited and a plurality of successive second address signals when said counter is enabled.

64. The system of claim 63 wherein said means for generating said second address signal includes:

second means for storing a plurality of digital words each representing a partial sum of a plurality of unique address differences and each stored at a location assigned a predetermined address; and

,

means for addressing one of said locations of said second storing means responsively to said counter output signal to select the partial sum of said unique address differences stored at that location, said one of said locations of said first storing means being addressed responsively to the sum of said initial address signal and said selected partial sum.

65. The system of claim 64 wherein said first and second storing means each comprise a read only memory.

66. A coded wave energy transmitting and receiving system comprising:

a transmitter adapted to transmit a series of pulses applied thereto in the form of wave energy;

first means for storing a plurality of digital words each representing a unique time interval and each stored at a location assigned a predetermined address;

first means for selectively addressing one of said predetermined locations of said first storing means to read the digital word stored at that location;

first means for generating a series of spaced pulses;

means for modifying the spacing between the pulses of said series of pulses responsively to the digital word read from said one of said locations;

circuit means for applying said modified series of pulses to said transmitter for transmission thereof in the form of wave energy; and

,

means for receiving said modified series of pulses transmitted in the form of wave energy,

said receiving means including;

second means for storing a plurality of digital words each representing a unique time interval and each stored at a location assigned a predetermined address;

second means for selectively addressing one of said predetermined locations of said second storing means to read the digital word stored at that location;

second means for generating a second series of spaced pulses;

second means for modifying the spacing between the pulses of said second series of pulses responsively to the digital word read from said second storing means;

means for comparing the spacing between pulses of the received modified first series of pulses and pulses of the modified second series of pulses;

means for generating a gating signal synchronized to the received modified series of pulses in response to a favorable comparison; and

,

means for selectively gating the received signal in response to said gating signal.

67. The system of claim 66 wherein said gating signal generating means comprises:

third means for storing a plurality of digital words each representing a unique time interval and each stored at a location assigned a predetermined address;

third means for selectively addressing one of said predetermined locations of said third storing means to read the digital word stored at that location;

third means for generating a third series of pulses;

third means for modulating the spacing between the pulses of said third series of pulses in accordance with the time interval represented by the digital word read from said third storing means to generate said gating signal; and

,

means for synchronizing said third addressing means to said second addressing means in response to a favorable comparison by said comparing means.

68. The system of claim 67 wherein said comparing means comprises:

first and second shift registers;

means for shifting the received coded train of pulses into said first shift register at a first predetermined rate;

means for shifting said modulated pulse train into said second shift register at a second predetermined rate higher than said first rate; and

,

means for comparing the signal levels of corresponding stages of said first and second shift register.

69. A method for selectively generating an encoded pulse signal comprising the steps of:

storing a plurality of digital words each at a location assigned a predetermined address;

selectively addressing one of said predetermined locations to read the digital word stored at said one of said locations by selectively generating an initial address signal corresponding to one of said predetermined addresses assigned to said location, generating a second address signal, summing said initial and second address signals, and addressing said one of said locations responsively to the sum of said initial and second address signals; and

,

spacing sequential pulses in accordance with a time interval related in duration to the digital word read from said one of said locations by generating a series of spaced pulses, and modifying the spacing between said pulses responsively to the digital word read from said one of said locations.

70. The method of claim 69 wherein said second address signal is generated by:

providing a counter having a digital output signal; and

,

enabling said counter to count each pulse of the modified series of pulses to thereby provide a plurality of successive second address signals responsively to said counter output signal.

71. The method of claim 70 wherein said second address signal is generated by:

storing a plurality of digital words each representing a partial sum of a plurality of unique address differences and each stored at a location assigned a predetermined address; and

,

addressing one of said locations in response to said counter output signal to select the partial sum of said unique address difference stored at that location to thereby generate said second address signal.

72. A method for pulse interval modulation encoding comprising the steps of:

storing a plurality of digital words each representing a unique time interval and each stored at a location assigned a predetermined address;

selectively generating an initial address signal;

sequentially generating subsequent address signals responsively to said initial address signal;

selectively reading said stored plurality of digital words responsively to said initial and subsequent address signals;

generating a series of spaced pulses; and

,

modifying the spacing between successive pairs of pulses in said series of pulses in response to said selectively read digital words.

73. The method of claim 72 wherein said subsequent address signals are generated by:

storing a plurality of digital words each representing a partial sum of a plurality of unique address differences and each stored at a location assigned a predetermined address; and

,

selectively addressing said locations to successively select a partial sum of said unique address differences stored at said locations and thereby generate said subsequent address signals.

74. The method of claim 72 including the steps of:

arranging the digital words at the locations to define a set of predetermined, unique, cyclically repetitive codes; and

,

selecting a desired one of the codes of the set of codes in response to the selection of the initial address signal.

75. The method of claim 74 wherein said subsequent address signals are generated by:

storing a plurality of digital words each representing a partial sum of a plurality of unique address differences and each stored at a location assigned a predetermined address; and

,

selectively addressing said locations to successively select a partial sum of said unique address differences stored at said locations and thereby generate said subsequent address signals.

76. A method for selecting a coded series of pulses from a received signal in the presence of interfering pulses comprising:

storing a plurality of digital words each representing a unique time interval and each stored at a location assigned a predetermined address;

selectively addressing one of said locations to read the digital word stored at said one of said locations;

generating a series of pulses;

modulating the spacing between two pulses in said series of pulses in accordance with the time interval represented by the digital word read from said addressed location;

comparing the spacing between pulses of the received signal with spacing between pulses of the modulated series of pulses;

generating a gating signal synchronized to the coded series of pulses in the received signal in response to a favorable comparison; and

,

selectively gating the received signal in response to said gating signal.

77. A method for designating and tracking a target comprising the steps of:

transmitting a series of pulses of light wave energy from a first location toward a target;

modulating the spacing between the pulses of said transmitted series of pulses of light wave energy in accordance with a predetermined cyclically repetitive code, the spacing of the pulses defining a plurality of sequential pairs of time intervals, each pair of time intervals being unique for one cycle of the code;

receiving light wave energy reflected from the target at a second location;

generating, at said second location, a series of pulses spaced in accordance with said predetermined code;

comparing the light wave energy received at said second location with said generated series of pulses to detect said predetermined code; and

,

tracking said target in response to the detected predetermined code.

78. The method of claim 77 wherein the spacing between the pulses of said transmitted series of pulses is modulated by:

storing a plurality of digital words each representing a unique time interval and each stored at a location assigned a predetermined address;

selectively generating an initial address signal;

sequentially generating subsequent address signals responsively to said initial address signal;

selectively reading said stored plurality of digital words responsively to said initial and subsequent address signals;

generating a series of spaced pulses;

modifying the spacing between successive pulses in said series of pulses in response to said selectively read digital words; and

,

modulating the spacing between the pulses of said transmitted series of pulses responsively to said modified series of pulses.

79. The method of claim 78 wherein the pulses of said series of pulses generated at said second location are spaced by:

storing a plurality of digital words each representing a unique time interval and each stored at a location assigned a predetermined address;

selectively generating an initial address signal;

sequentially generating subsequent address signals responsively to said initial address signal;

selectively reading said stored plurality of digital words responsively to said initial and subsequent address signals;

generating a series of spaced pulses;

modifying the spacing between successive pulses in said series of pulses in response to said selectively read digital words; and

,

modulating the spacing between the pulses of said transmitted series of pulses responsively to said modified series of pulses.

80. The method of claim 79 wherein a set of predetermined, unique, cyclically repetitive codes is defined by the locations of said stored plurality of unique digital words, a desired one of said set of unique codes being selectable responsively to said initial address signal, the method including the step of selecting the same initial address signal at both the first and second locations to thereby select the same code of the set of codes at both locations.

81. The method of claim 78 wherein said subsequent address signal is generated by:

storing a plurality of digital words each representing a partial sum of a plurality of unique address differences and each stored at a location assigned a predetermined address; and

,

selectively addressing said locations to select the partial sums of said unique address differences stored at said locations and thereby generate said subsequent address signals.

82. A method for transmitting and receiving coded wave energy signals comprising the steps of:

providing a transmitter adapted to transmit a series of pulses applied thereto in the form of wave energy;

storing in a first storing means a plurality of digital words each representing a unique time interval and each stored at a location assigned a predetermined address;

selectively addressing one of said predetermined locations of said first storing means to read the digital word stored at that location;

generating a first series of spaced pulses;

modifying the spacing between a pair of pulses of said first series of pulses responsively to the digital word read from said one of said locations of said first storing means;

applying said modified first series of pulses to said transmitter for transmission thereof in the form of wave energy;

receiving wave energy including said modified first series of pulses transmitted in the form of wave energy;

storing in a second storing means a plurality of digital words each representing a unique time interval and each stored at a location assigned a predetermined address;

selectively addressing one of said predetermined locations of said second storing means to read the digital word stored at that location;

generating a second series of spaced pulses;

modifying the spacing between a pair of pulses of said second series of pulses responsively to the digital word read from said second storing means;

comparing the spacing between pulses of the received wave energy with the spacing between pulses of the modified second series of pulses;

generating a gating signal synchronized to the received modified series of pulses in response to a favorable comparison; and

,

selectively gating the received signal in response to said gating signal.

83. The method of claim 82 including the steps of:

repetitively addressing said one of said predetermined locations of each of said first and second storing means; and

,

continuously modifying the spacing between pairs of pulses of said first and second series of pulses responsively to the respective addressed ones of said digital words.

84. The method of claim 82 including the steps of:

selectively addressing another of said predetermined locations of each of said first and second storing means to read the digital word stored at that location; and

,

modifying the spacing between another pair of pulses of said first and second series of pulses responsively to the respective addressed ones of said digital words read from each of said another of said locations.

85. A method for encoding a series of pulses by individually varying the pulse to pulse spacing of immediately adjacent pairs of pulses in the series of pulses in accordance with unique pairs of interpulse intervals in response to sequentially provided, unique digital spacing control signals.