Apparatus for generation of hydrogen and other gases from the decomposition of organic matter

• US 5,028,307 A
• Filed: 12/26/1989
• Issued: 07/02/1991
• Est. Priority Date: 12/26/1989
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Donald A. Rightmyer
• Original Assignee: Donald A. Rightmyer
• Inventors: Rightmyer, Donald A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Niebling, John F.
• Assistant Examiner(s): GORGOS, KATHRYN L
• Application Number:
  US07/456,463
• Time in Patent Office: 553 Days
• Field of Search: 204/242, 204/278, 204/131, 204/129, 204/275, 204/266, 423/352, 423/580, 423/359, 423/351
• US Class Current: 204/278
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/0415 Purification by absorption in liquids
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/0465 Composition of the impurity
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/0475 the impurity being carbon dioxide
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 3/02 Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 3/025 Preparation or purification of gas mixtures for ammonia synthesis
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 3/506 at low temperatures
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 3/52 by contacting with liquids; Regeneration of used liquids C01B3/508 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 5/00 Water
• CPC Class Codes: C25B 1/02 Hydrogen or oxygen

Abstract

An apparatus and method are disclosed for electrolysis of organic cellulose material to produce free hydrogen. Ground vegetation is saturated with liquid ammonium hydroxide to produce a mixture. The mixture is preferably fed through a tubular device using a screw feed mechanism or other appropriate feed mechanism, past cathodes and anodes which are positioned at intervals and in opposition in walls of the tubular device. Electrolysis is conducted on the mash and free hydrogen is collected at the cathodes via a tube connection adjacent to each cathode. Oxygen is also produced and collected. The hydrogen may be purified by utilizing a hydrogen scrubber which uses liquid nitrogen to condense and remove any contaminating gases. The collected hydrogen may be reacted with nitrogen and oxygen to replenish the ammonia for input to the process. It may also be reacted with oxygen to produce water, or it may be used for other purposes such as for fuel.

Claims

1. An apparatus for electrolysis of organic, cellulose-containing material, comprising,

a generally tubular housing having a generally horizontal axis,

a series of cathodes extending through the housing at one side and exposed at an interior chamber defined in the housing, said cathodes being spaced apart along one side of the chamber in the housing,

a series of anodes in opposition to the cathodes, on an opposite side of the chamber of the housing and extending through the housing similarly to the cathodes,

material feed means connected to the housing, for continuously advancing a mash of organic cellulose-containing material in a continuously moving generally horizontal path through the housing chamber,

means for introducing ammonium hydroxide to the mash of organic cellulose-containing material prior to introduction of the mash by the material feed means,

and gas withdrawing means adjacent to the cathodes and sealed to the housing, providing conduits for withdrawal of hydrogen gas at each of the cathodes.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, further including anode gas withdrawing means adjacent to each of the anodes and sealed to the housing, for withdrawing gas collected at the anodes.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the gas withdrawing means comprises a series of tubes generally concentric with the cathodes extending through said one side of the housing, sealed to the housing such that gas collected at each of the cathodes can travel upwardly through the tube generally concentrically around the cathode so as to be withdrawn from the housing.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the material feed means comprises a screw feed device positioned generally coaxially within the chamber defined in the housing, with means for rotating the screw feed device to advance the material generally axially through the chamber at a controlled rate of movement.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the housing and chamber are generally cylindrical, wherein the screw feed device is smaller in diameter than the inside of the chamber, and further including chamber wall wiping means for wiping material off the chamber wall between electrodes and pulling the material inward from the chamber wall and pushing the material forward in its path through the housing chamber.

6. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the material feed means comprises a screw feed device positioned generally coaxially within the chamber defined in the housing, with means for rotating the screw feed device to advance the material generally axially through the chamber at a controlled rate of movement and wherein the chamber wall wiping means comprises a wiper device secured to the screw feed device and extending generally radially therefrom to rotate with the screw feed device.