Method of reading and writing files on nonerasable storage media

• US 5,029,125 A
• Filed: 03/07/1989
• Issued: 07/02/1991
• Est. Priority Date: 03/07/1989
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: LaserCard Corp. (Assa Abloy AB)
• Original Assignee: Drexler Technology Corporation (Assa Abloy AB)
• Inventors: Sciupac, Luis H.
• Primary Examiner(s): MacDonald, Allen R.
• Assistant Examiner(s): CHUN, DEBRA
• Application Number:
  US07/320,020
• Time in Patent Office: 847 Days
• Field of Search: 364/200 MS File, 364/900 MS File, 365/218
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 12/0866 for peripheral storage systems, e.g. disk cache
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/10 Digital recording or reproducing
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 27/327 Table of contents
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 707/99956 File allocation

Abstract

A method of inputting and outputting information files between a computer memory and a write-once medium in which a cache memory is established as an intermediary between an operating system'"'"'s transfer address and the medium. The cache includes a system file allocation structure in a format corresponding to that for erasable media and a media directory file area. The directory in the write-once medium is read to the cache and the system file allocation structure is constructed from the directory information. When performing an operating system command, such as a read or write, access to the medium is made via the cache memory. For example, when reading a data file, sector locations indicated by the system file allocation structure are first mapped to corresponding sectors in the medium directory file area and the corresponding sectors are read from the medium. When writing a data file, sectors containing new data are identified, old sectors on the medium are marked, and only the new sectors are written to the medium with pointers linking them to the unchanged sectors.

Claims

1. A method of transferring information files between a computer memory of a computer system and a write-once storage medium of said computer system comprising,

providing a temporary memory in said computer system which is accessible to both said computer memory and said write-once storage medium, said temporary memory having designated memory areas assigned by said computer system which include a system file allocation area with specified record areas corresponding to file allocation and directory record areas for erasable media, a media directory area with specified record areas corresponding to file directory record areas for a write-once storage medium, and a data file area,

reading a file directory from said write-once storage medium into said media directory area of said temporary memory,

forming a file allocation table and an operating system directory in said record areas of said system file allocation area of said temporary memory by a transfer of corresponding information from specified record areas of said media directory area containing said file directory read from said write-once storage medium

in accord with a computer operating system command, transferring specified data files between said computer memory and said write-once medium, said transfer of data files performed only via said data file area of said temporary memory,

updating record areas in said system file allocation area that correspond to the transferred data file in accord with said computer operating system command,

writing to corresponding record areas of the media directory area of the temporary memory to include information from said updated record areas in said system file allocation area, and

writing any changes in said media directory area information to said write-once medium at the end of a completed operating system command.

2. A method of inputting an information file stored on a write-once medium of a computer system into computer memory of said computer system, comprising,

providing a temporary memory in said computer system which is accessible to both said computer memory and said write-once storage medium, said temporary memory having designated memory areas assigned by said computer system which include a system file allocation area, a medium directory area and a data file area, said system file allocation area further subdivided into areas forming a file allocation table and an operating system directory,

reading a file directory from a write-once medium into said medium directory area of said temporary memory,

transferring file directory information to record areas of said system file allocation area of said temporary memory from corresponding record areas in said medium directory area, said file allocation area having record areas corresponding to file allocation and directory record areas for erasable media, and

transferring said file directory information from said record areas of said file allocation area in temporary memory to a computer system memory address.

3. The method of claim 2 further comprising,

requesting a data file identified in said file allocation area,

mapping sector locations of said data file in said file allocation area of said temporary memory to corresponding sector locations in said medium directory area of said temporary memory, and

reading each corresponding sector location from said write-once medium to said computer system memory address.

4. The method of claim 2 wherein said file directory read from said medium is configured with a first portion containing information in a format corresponding to erasable media and a second portion containing at least one list of bad cluster numbers, and wherein said step of transferring file directory information to said system file allocation area comprises copying said first portion to said operating system directory of said file allocation area and forming a table of pointers in said file allocation table of said file allocation area beginning at a starting cluster indicated in said first portion and incrementing said pointers while skipping over said bad cluster numbers indicated in the last list of such numbers in said second portion.

5. The method of claim 2 wherein said file directory read from said medium is configured with a first portion containing information in a format corresponding to erasable media, including a starting cluster number, and a second portion containing a pointer to another directory entry.

6. A method of outputting an information file in a computer memory of a computer system to a write-once medium of said computer system comprising,

providing a temporary memory in said computer system which is accessible to both said computer memory and said write-once storage medium, said temporary memory having designated memory areas assigned by said computer system which include a system file allocation area, a medium directory area and a data file area,

transferring in accord with a computer operating system command from computer memory to record areas of said file allocation area a complete file allocation structure having records in a format corresponding to that of file allocation and directory records for erasable media, said file allocation structure including a file allocation table and a system directory,

forming in said medium directory area, a file directory having records in a format corresponding to that of file directory records for a writ-one medium from said file allocation structure in said file allocation area, said file directory having a directory entry corresponding to a first data file written on said write-once medium, said directory entry including pointer information capable of linking sectors on said write-once medium, and

write said file directory entry corresponding to said first data file to said write-once medium at the end of a completed operating system command.

7. The method of claim 6 further comprising,

transferring a second data file from computer memory to said data file area of said temporary memory, said second data file corresponding to said first data file but having new data,

forming a map from sector locations for said second data file contained in records of said file allocation table to corresponding sector locations for said first data file stored on said write-once medium contained in records of said media directory area,

identifying sectors of said second data file containing new data,

marking sectors of said first data file on said write-once medium corresponding to said identified sectors of said second data file as old sectors and writing pointers to new sectors on said medium, and

writing said identified sectors of said second data file to said new sectors on said medium.

8. A method of transferring a requested information file, which includes one or more data files and is stored on a write-once medium that has a data file directory, into computer memory, the method comprising the steps of:

formatting a temporary memory to include a system file allocation area, a medium directory area and a data file area;

providing each data file in said data file area with a data file directory entry, said data file directory entry including a first sector that identifies the directory entry for the next data file to be read and including a second sector, said second sector having a predetermined default entry if the next data file to be read has not been changed, and if the next data file to be read has been changed the second sector contains instead an override address for the directory entry for the next data file that overrides the directory entry specified in the first sector;

reading a file directory from the write-once medium into the medium directory area of the temporary memory;

forming a file allocation table and operating system directory in the system file allocation area of the temporary memory from the file directory in a format that corresponds to the format of a file allocation table and operating system directory for an erasable medium; and

if the information file transfer request refers to a file allocation table or an operating system directory, the method comprises the further step of;

transferring the requested file allocation table and operating system directory from said system file allocation area to a sequence of computer memory addresses that are specified by an operating system;

if the information file transfer request refers to a data file, the method comprises the further steps of;

requesting a data file identified by a data file directory entry;

mapping sector locations of the identified data file that are specified in the file allocation area to corresponding sector locations in the medium directory area;

writing the information contained in each sector location in the medium directory area to a sequence of computer memory addresses specified by the operating system; and

repeating steps D1, D2 and D3 for each data file in the information file to be transferred.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein said file directory includes a first portion that contains file directory information that is presented in a format that corresponds to a format used for erasable media, and a second portion that contains an error list of transferred data files that have been determined to have errors therein, where the step of forming said file allocation table and directory further comprises the steps of:

copying the first portion of the file directory to said file allocation table and directory;

forming a table of said data file directory entries and moving consecutively through this table and comparing each data file directory entry with each of the entries in the error list; and

ignoring or deleting each data file directory entry that is contained in the error list, for purposes of transfer of said information file from said write-once storage medium to said computer memory.