Optical analyzer

• US 5,029,583 A
• Filed: 11/06/1989
• Issued: 07/09/1991
• Est. Priority Date: 07/22/1986
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Personal Diagnostics, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Personal Diagnostics, Inc.
• Inventors: Palmieri, Thomas, Meserol, Peter M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Pellegrino, Stephen C.
• Assistant Examiner(s): SHAY, DAVID M
• Application Number:
  US07/431,914
• Time in Patent Office: 610 Days
• Field of Search: 128/633, 128/634, 128/637, 128/749, 128/751-755, 128/763, 128/770, 604/156, 604/157, 604/194, 606/181, 606/182
• US Class Current: 600/316
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14532 for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1455 using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/150022 for capillary blood or interstitial fluid
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/150412 Pointed piercing elements, e.g. needles, lancets for piercing the skin blade-like piercing elements A61B5/150442
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/150633 Protective sleeves which are axially extensible, e.g. sleeves connected to, or integrated in, the piercing or driving device; pivotable protective sleeves
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/150702 fully automatically removed, i.e. the removing does not require any action by the user
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/15113 Manually triggered, i.e. the triggering requires a deliberate action by the user such as pressing a drive button
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/15117 comprising biased elements, resilient elements or a spring, e.g. a helical spring, leaf spring, or elastic strap
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/15128 comprising 2D- or 3D-shaped elements, e.g. cams, curved guide rails or threads comprising tooth-shaped elements A61B5/15132
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/15194 fully automatically retracted, i.e. the retraction does not require a deliberate action by the user, e.g. by terminating the contact with the patient's skin
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/157 Devices characterised by integrated means for measuring characteristics of blood
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2021/0371 Supports combined with sample intake
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/251 Colorimeters; Construction thereof
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/78 producing a change of colour
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2201/122 Kinetic analysis; determining reaction rate
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2201/126 Microprocessor processing

Abstract

An optical analyzer for determining an analyte in a fluid of interest such as a body fluid of interest satisfying the foregoing need and embodying the present invention may include a housing; combination optically transparent cuvette and lancet mounted removably in the housing, the cuvette may receive an optically transparent reagent test system for reacting with the body fluid to produce a change in at least one optical transmissive characteristic of the system indicative of the analyte; a cuvette carrier mounted slidably in the housing and for removably receiving the cuvette; a spring actuator mounted in the housing and connected to the cuvette carrier, the spring actuator may be compressed and released to advance the carrier and thereby advance the lancet into engagement with a portion of a body to produce the body fluid; depth control apparatus for controlling the depth of penetration of the lancet into the body portion; an electrooptical system mounted in the housing in optical engagement with the cuvette and for passing a light beam through the cuvette and the reagent system and for receiving the light beam modified by the change in optical transmissive characteristic of the system and for transmitting computation signals indicative of the analyte to a computer; a computer mounted in the housing for receiving the computation signals and for comparing the computation signals against predetermined data to produce display signals indicative of the analyte; a display mounted in the housing and for receiving the display signals and for providing a vehicle display indicative of the analyte; and control switches mounted in the housing and connected to the computer for controlling the operation of the computer.

Claims

1. Optical analyzer for determining an analyte in a body fluid of interest, comprising:

housing means;

a combination optically transparent cuvette and lancet mounted removably in said housing means, said cuvette for receiving an optically transparent reagent test system for reacting with said body fluid to produce a change in at least one optical transmissive characteristic of said system indicative of said analyte;

advancing means for advancing said lancet out of said housing and into engagement with a portion of a body to produce said body fluid;

depth control means for controlling the depth of penetration of said lancet into said body portion;

electro-optical means mounted in said housing means in optical engagement with said cuvette and for passing a light beam through said cuvette and said reagent system and for receiving said light beam modified by said change in optical transmissive characteristic of said system and for transmitting computation signals indicative of said analyte to computation means;

computation means mounted in said housing means for receiving said computation signals and for comparing said computation signals against predetermined data to produce display signals indicative of said analyte;

display means mounted in said housing means and for receiving said display signals and for providing a visible display indicative of said analyte;

control means mounted in said housing means and connected to said computation means for controlling the operation of said computation means; and

said advancing means including a spring rotated drive cylinder mounted rotatably in said housing means and having forward and rearward ends, said forward end of said drive cylinder provided with a nutator plate for rotating with said drive cylinder, a pivotally mounted bell crank, a primary drive rod having forward and rearward ends, said forward end of said primary drive rod mounted pivotally to said bell crank and said rearward end of said primary drive rod in engagement with said nutator plate, a first bias spring having forward and rearward ends, said rearward end of said first bias spring connected to said housing means and said forward end of said first bias spring connected to said bell crank and said first bias spring for biasing said bell crank towards said nutator plate to maintain said rearward end of said primary drive rod in engagement with said nutator plate, a secondary drive rod having forward and rearward ends, said rearward end of said secondary drive rod mounted pivotally to said bell crank and said forward end of said secondary drive rod positioned opposite said rearward end of said lancet, upon rotation of said drive cylinder said nutator plate advances said primary drive rod to pivot said bell rank which advances said secondary drive rod to cause said forward end of said secondary drive rod to advance said lancet into said engagement with said portion of said body to produce said body fluid.

2. The optical analyzer according to claim 1 wherein said advancing means comprise:

cuvette carrier means mounted slidably in said housing means and for receiving said cuvette; and

spring means mounted in said housing and connected to said cuvette carrier means, said spring means for being compressed and released to advance said carrier and thereby advance said lancet into engagement with a portion of a body to produce said body fluid.

3. The optical analyzer according to claim 1 wherein said regent test system reacts with said body fluid at a rate of reaction, wherein said corresponding change in at least one optical transmissive characteristic has a rate of change, wherein said light beam is modified at a rate of modification, and wherein said computation means determine the rate of change of said reaction from said received computation signals and compares the same against stored rates of change to determine said analyte and produce said display signs indicative thereof.

4. The optical analyzer according to claim 1 wherein said advancing means further includes a torsion spring wound around said drive cylinder, said torsion spring having forward and rearward ends, said forward end of said torsion spring connected to said nutator plate and said rearward end of said torsion spring connected to said housing means, an arming cylinder mounted rotatably in said housing means and having forward and rearward ends, said forward end of said drive cylinder positioned adjacent said rearward end of said drive cylinder, said rearward end of said drive cylinder and said forward end of said arming cylinder provided with enmeshed spur gears for rotating said drive cylinder and nutator plate to wind said torsion spring upon rotation of said arming cylinder, said rearward end of said arming cylinder provided with an arming knob for manual rotation by a person operating said optical analyzer, and manually operable push button means mounted in said housing for latching said nutator plate in a first position of rotation upon the winding of said torsion spring and for releasing said nutator plate to permit said wound torsion spring to unwind and rotate said nutator plate to advance said lancet.

5. The optical analyzer according to claim 4 wherein said push button means comprises a push button mounted in said housing means for inward movement thereinto, said push button having an inward end, a pivotally mounted latch pawl having first and second ends, said first end mounted pivotally to said inward end of said push button and said second end of said latch pawl in engagement with said nutator plate, a second bias spring having first and second ends, said first end of said second bias spring connected to said housing and said second end of said second bias spring connected to said second end of said latch pawl and for biasing said said second end of said latch pawl into engagement with said nutator plate, and wherein said nutator plate is provided with a recess for receiving said second end of said latch pawl to latch said nutator plate in said first position of rotation upon said nutator plate being rotated by said arming cylinder and said recess being presented opposite said second end of said latch pawl.