Three-dimensional object imaging method and system

• US 5,031,154 A
• Filed: 08/30/1990
• Issued: 07/09/1991
• Est. Priority Date: 09/04/1989
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Ricoh Company Limited
• Original Assignee: Ricoh Company Limited
• Inventors: Watanabe, Sumio
• Primary Examiner(s): Pihulic, Daniel T.
• Application Number:
  US07/574,764
• Time in Patent Office: 313 Days
• Field of Search: 367/8, 367/7, 367/11, 367/135, 73/603, 73/602, 209/590
• US Class Current: 367/8
• CPC Class Codes: G03H 3/00 Holographic processes or apparatus using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves for obtaining holograms; Processes or apparatus for obtaining an optical image from them G03H1/22 takes precedence; acoustic non-destructive testing using holographic methods G01N29/0663; seismology using acoustic vibrations G01V1/00; non-holographic methods for visualizing acoustic waves G10K15/00
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 706/911 Nonmedical diagnostics

Abstract

A three-dimensional object imaging method is implemented on a computer for imaging an object. The three-dimensional object imaging method includes the steps of irradiating ultrasonic waves having two mutually different frequencies on the object which is to be imaged, measuring sound pressures of scattering waves from the object so as to obtain two acoustical holography images thereof, and obtaining a three-dimensional shape of the object based on a phase error between the two acoustical holography images.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional object imaging method implemented on a computer for imaging an object, said three-dimensional object imaging method comprising the steps of:

irradiating ultrasonic waves having two mutually different frequencies on the object which is to be imaged;

measuring sound pressures of scattering waves from the object so as to obtain two acoustical holography images thereof; and

obtaining a three-dimensional shape of the object based on a phase error between the two acoustical holography images.

2. The three-dimensional object imaging method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said irradiating step employs ultrasonic waves selected from a group of waves including burst and continuous waves.

3. The three-dimensional object imaging method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said measuring step includes the substeps of:

obtaining the acoustical holography images for X and Y directions from sound pressure waveforms of the scattering waves, said X and Y directions respectively corresponding to width and height of the object; and

dividing the sound pressure waveforms of the scattering waves at various points in time at intervals which are integral multiples of one period of the sound pressure waveforms, said Z direction corresponding to a depth of the object.

4. The three-dimensional object imaging method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said obtaining step obtains the three-dimensional shape η

(x'"'"', y'"'"') of the object based on a formula ##EQU10## where a surface equation of the object is described by z'"'"'=ρ

(x'"'"', y'"'"'), a reflection coefficient is denoted by ξ

(x'"'"', y'"'"'), an irradiation angle of the ultrasonic waves is denoted by θ

, k denotes a wave number, a transmitted wave Pi(r) is described by Pi(r)=exp(iki r), where ki=(k sin θ

, 0, -k cos θ

), a complex sound pressure at a position r=(x, y, z) where the scattering waves are measured is denoted by P(r), V=(-k(x/r-sin θ

, -ky/r, -k(z/r+cos θ

)), r'"'"'=((x'"'"', y'"'"', ρ

(x'"'"', y'"'"')) and F(r)=|V|² /(-k(z/r+cos θ

)).

5. The three-dimensional object imaging method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said measuring step measures the scattering waves by a plurality of wave receivers which are arranged in an array within a first space.

6. The three-dimensional object imaging method as claimed in claim 5, which further comprises the step of inserting dummy sound pressures to the sound pressures measured by said array of wave receivers, said dummy sound pressures being inserted within a second space which is located on an outside of said first space and where no wave receiver is provided.

7. The three-dimensional object imaging method as claimed in claim 1, which further comprises the step of processing the three-dimensional shape of the object obtained in said obtaining step, said processing being selected from a group of processes including identification of the object, estimation of a position of the object, estimation of a rotary angle of the object, reconstruction of an image of the object, and reconstruction of a surface shape of the object.

8. The three-dimensional object imaging method as claimed in claim 7, wherein said processing step uses a neural network which is simulated on the computer.

9. A three-dimensional object imaging system for imaging an object, said three-dimensional object imaging system comprising:

irradiating means for irradiating ultrasonic waves having two mutually different frequencies on the object which is to be imaged;

detecting means for detecting sound pressures of scattering waves from the object; and

processing means coupled to said detecting means and including first means for obtaining two acoustical holography images thereof, and second means for obtaining a three-dimensional shape of the object based on a phase error between the two acoustical holography images.

10. The three-dimensional object imaging system as claimed in claim 9, wherein said irradiating means employs ultrasonic waves selected from a group of wave including burst and continuous waves.

11. The three-dimensional object imaging system as claimed in claim 9, wherein said first means of said processing means obtains the acoustical holography images for X and Y directions from sound pressure waveforms of the scattering waves and divides the sound pressure waveforms of the scattering waves at various points in time at intervals which are integral multiples of one period of the sound pressure waveforms, where said X and Y directions respectively correspond to width and height of the object and said Z direction corresponds to a depth of the object.

12. The three-dimensional object imaging system as claimed in claim 9, wherein said second means of said processing means obtains the three-dimensional shape η

(x'"'"', y'"'"') of the object based on a formula ##EQU11## where a surface equation of the object is described by z'"'"'=ρ

(x'"'"', y'"'"'), a reflection coefficient is denoted by ξ

(x'"'"', y'"'"'), an irradiation angle of the ultransonic waves is denoted by θ

, k denotes a wave number, a transmitted wave Pi(r) is described by Pi(r)=exp(iki r), where ki=(k sin θ

, 0, -k cos θ

), a complex sound pressure at a position r=(x, y, z) where the scattering waves are measured is denoted by P(r), V=(-k(x/r-sin θ

, -ky/r, -k(z/r+cos θ

)), r'"'"'=((x'"'"', y'"'"', ρ

(x'"'"', y'"'"')) and F(r)=|V|² /(-k(z/r+cos θ

)).

13. The three-dimensional object imaging system as claimed in claim 9, wherein said detecting means includes a plurality of wave receivers which are arranged in an array, and said first means of said processing means measures the scattering waves by said array of wave receivers within a first space.

14. The three-dimensional object imaging system as claimed in claim 13, wherein said processing means further includes third means for inserting dummy sound pressures to the sound pressures measured by said first means, said dummy sound pressures being inserted within a second space which is located on an outside of said first space and where no wave receiver is provided.

15. The three-dimensional object imaging system as claimed in claim 9, wherein said processing means further includes third means for processing the three-dimensional shape of the object obtained in said second means, said processing being selected from a group of processes including identification of the object, estimation of a position of the object, estimation of a rotary angle of the object, reconstruction of an image of the object, and reconstruction of a surface shape of the object.

16. The three-dimensional object imaging system as claimed in claim 15, wherein said third means of said processing means uses a neural network which is simulated by said processing means.