Vehicle traction controller/road friction and hill slope tracking system

• US 5,033,002 A
• Filed: 06/11/1990
• Issued: 07/16/1991
• Est. Priority Date: 06/11/1990
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Ford Global Technologies, LLC (Ford Motor Company)
• Original Assignee: Ford Motor Company
• Inventors: Sol, David
• Primary Examiner(s): Black, Thomas G.
• Application Number:
  US07/535,630
• Time in Patent Office: 400 Days
• Field of Search: 364/426.02, 364/426.03, 364/426.04, 303/97, 303/99, 180/197
• US Class Current: 701/90
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 28/16 responsive to, or preventing, skidding of wheels brake control systems for vehicle drive stability B60T8/1755; arrangements responsive to a speed condition for adjusting wheel braking force B60T8/32; control of vehicle driving stability otherwise than by controlling the propulsion unit only B60W30/02; preventing wheel slippage by reducing power in rail vehicles B61C15/00
• CPC Class Codes: B60T 8/48 connecting the brake actuator to an alternative or additional source of fluid pressure , e.g. traction control systems

Abstract

A system and method for controlling vehicle traction uses estimates of external conditions from vehicle and engine measurements in a feedforward manner to control vehicle traction on slippery or changing surfaces and hills to compensate for external disturbances in an optimal manner. The present invention provides a dual feedforward/feedback system for a method of controlling vehicle traction. The method includes the step of generating a first feedforward value related to the slope of a hill and a second feedforward value related to the coefficient of friction of the load surface. The first and second feedforward values are then summed to generate a feedforward control value for controlling the level of vehicle traction. The system for controlling vehicle traction includes a first feedforward value related to the slope of a hill and a second feedforward value related to the coefficient of friction of the road surface. The first and second feedforward values are summed to generate a feedforward control value for controlling the level of vehicle traction.

Claims

1. A traction control method for a vehicle having an engine, wheels, an axle, a throttle, and brakes, the vehicle being driven on a road surface having a coefficient of friction and at least one hill slope, the method comprising the steps of:

generating a first disturbance value related to the slope of the hill;

generating a second disturbance value related to the coefficient of friction of the road surface;

summing said first and second disturbance values to generate a feedforward control value; and

controlling the level of vehicle traction in response to said feedforward control value by controlling the engine and the wheels.

2. A traction control method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said first disturbance value is determined by a hill slope estimator.

3. A traction control method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said second disturbance value is determined by a road surface coefficient of friction estimator.

4. A traction control method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said step of controlling the level of vehicle traction further includes the step of regulating wheel spin.

5. A traction control method for a vehicle having an engine, wheels, an axle, a throttle, and brakes, the vehicle being driven on a road surface having a coefficient of friction and at least one hill slope, the method comprising the steps of:

generating a first disturbance value related to the slope of a hill;

generating a second disturbance value related to the coefficient of friction of the road surface;

generating reference feedforward gains;

summing said first and second disturbance values and said reference feedforward gains to generate a feedforward control value;

generating error values relating to driven wheel speed, wheel spin, and velocity;

summing said feedforward control value and said error values to generate an optimum throttle position value; and

controlling the level of vehicle traction in response to said optimum position value.

6. A traction control method for a vehicle having an engine, wheels, an axle, a throttle, and brakes, the vehicle being driven on a road surface having a coefficient of friction and at least one hill slope, the method comprising the steps of:

measuring vehicle velocity to generate a first feedback signal;

measuring wheel spin error of driven wheel to generate a second feedback signal;

measuring driven wheel speed to generate a third feedback signal;

determining a reference vehicle velocity signal for generating a reference velocity feedforward value;

determining a reference wheel spin error signal to generate a reference wheel spin feedforward value;

determining a reference driven wheel speed signal to generate a reference driven wheel spin feedforward value;

estimating a hill slope of the road surface from a first disturbing signal to generate a first disturbance value;

estimating a coefficient of friction of the road surface value from a second disturbance signal to generate a second disturbance value;

summing said reference velocity feedforward value, said reference wheel spin feedforward value, said reference driven wheel spin feedforward value, said first disturbance value, and said second disturbance value, to generate a first feedforward value;

summing said first feedback signal and said reference vehicle velocity signal to produce a first sum and applying said first sum to a first gain to generate a velocity error value;

summing said second feedback signal and said reference wheel spin error signal to produce a second sum and applying said second sum to a second gain to generate a wheel spin error value;

summing said third feedback signal and said reference driven wheel speed signal to produce a third sum and applying said third sum to a third gain to generate a driven wheel speed error value;

summing said velocity error value, said wheel spin error value, said driven wheel speed error value, and said first feedforward value to generate an optimum throttle position value; and

controlling the level of vehicle traction in response to said optimum throttle position value.

7. A traction control method as claimed in claim 6 wherein the step of measuring the vehicle velocity further includes the steps of measuring non-driven wheel speed, measuring wheel radius, and multiplying said measured non-driven wheel speed and said wheel radius to provide said vehicle velocity.

8. A traction control method as claimed in claim 6 wherein the step of measuring the wheel spin error further includes the step of providing a wheel slip detector to determine wheel spin.

9. A traction control method as claimed in claim 6 wherein the step of measuring the driven wheel speed further includes the step of providing a driven wheel speed sensor to determine said driven wheel speed.

10. A traction control method for a vehicle having an engine, wheels, an axle, a throttle, and brakes, the vehicle being driven on a road surface having a coefficient of friction and at least one hill slope, the method comprising the steps of:

measuring vehicle velocity to generate a first feedback signal v;

measuring wheel spin error of driven wheel to generate a second feedback signal e;

measuring driven wheel speed to generate a third feedback signal w;

determining a reference vehicle velocity signal v_r for generating a reference velocity feedforward value;

determining a reference wheel spin error signal e_r for generating a reference wheel spin feedforward value;

determining a reference driven wheel speed signal w_r for generating a reference driven wheel spin feedforward value;

estimating a hill slope of the road surface signal, Alpha;

estimating a coefficient of friction of the road surface signal, Mu;

summing said reference velocity feedforward value, said reference wheel spin feedforward value, said reference driven wheel spin feedforward value, said hill slope of the road surface signal, and said coefficient of friction of the road surface signal, to generate a first feedforward value F;

summing said first feedback signal v and said reference vehicle velocity signal v_r to produce a first sum and applying said first sum to a first gain G₁ to generate a velocity error value;

summing said second feedback signal e and said reference wheel spin error signal e_r to produce a second sum and applying said second sum to a second gain G₂ to generate a wheel spin error value;

summing said third feedback signal w and said reference driven wheel speed signal w_r to produce a third sum and applying said third sum to a third gain G₃ to generate a driven wheel speed error value;

summing said velocity error value, said wheel spin error value, said driven wheel speed error value, and said first feedforward value F to generate an optimum throttle position value TP, and

controlling the level of vehicle traction Tv in response to said optimum throttle position value TP.

11. A system for controlling the traction of a vehicle having an engine, wheels, an axle, a throttle, and brakes, the vehicle being driven on a road surface having a coefficient of friction and at least one hill slope, comprising:

means for generating a first disturbance value related to the slope of the hill;

means for generating a second disturbance value related to the coefficient of friction of the road surface;

means for summing said first and second disturbance values to produce a feedforward control value; and

means for controlling the level of vehicle traction in response to said feedforward control value.

12. A system for controlling the traction of a vehicle as claimed in claim 11 wherein said means for generating a first disturbance value comprises a hill slope estimator.

13. A system for controlling the traction of a vehicle as claimed in claim 11 wherein said means for generating a second disturbance value comprises a road surface coefficient of friction estimator.

14. A system for controlling the traction of a vehicle as claimed in claim 11 wherein said means for controlling the level of vehicle traction comprises means for regulating wheel spin.

15. A system for controlling the traction of a vehicle having an engine, wheels, an axle, a throttle, and brakes, the vehicle being driven on a road surface having a coefficient of friction and at least one hill slope, comprising:

means for generating a first disturbance value related to the slope of a hill;

means for generating a second disturbance value related to the coefficient of friction of the road surface;

means for generating reference feedforward gains;

means for summing said first and second disturbance values and said reference feedforward gains to generate produce a feedforward control value;

means for generating error values relating to driven wheel speed, wheel spin, and velocity;

means for summing said feedforward control value and said error values to produce an optimum throttle position value; and

means for controlling the level of vehicle traction in response to said optimum throttle position value.

16. A system for controlling the traction of a vehicle having an engine, wheels, an axle, a throttle, and brakes, the vehicle being driven on a road surface having a coefficient of friction and at least one hill slope, comprising:

means for measuring vehicle velocity to generate a first feedback signal;

means for measuring wheel spin error of driven wheel to generate a second feedback signal;

means for measuring driven wheel speed to generate a third feedback signal;

means for determining a reference vehicle velocity signal for generating a reference velocity feedforward value;

means for determining a reference wheel spin error signal for generating a reference wheel spin feedforward value;

means for determining a reference driven wheel speed signal for generating a reference driven wheel spin feedforward value;

means for estimating a hill slope of the road surface from a first disturbance signal to generate a first disturbance value;

means for estimating a coefficient of friction of the road surface value from a second disturbance signal to generate a second disturbance value;

means for summing said reference velocity feedforward value, said reference wheel spin feedforward value, said reference driven wheel spin feedforward value, said first disturbance value, and said second disturbance value, to generate a first feedforward value;

means for summing said first feedback signal and said reference vehicle velocity signal to produce a first sum and applying said first sum to a first gain to generate a velocity error value;

means for summing said second feedback signal and said reference wheel spin error signal to produce a second sum and applying said second sum to a second gain to generate a wheel spin error value;

means for summing said third feedback signal and said reference driven wheel speed signal to produce a third sum and applying said third sum to a third gain to generate a driven wheel speed error value;

means for summing said velocity error value, said wheel spin error value, said driven wheel speed error value, and said first feedforward value to produce an optimum throttle position value; and

means for controlling the level of vehicle traction in response to said optimum throttle position value.

17. A traction control system for a vehicle having an engine, wheels, an axle, a throttle, and brakes, the vehicle being driven on a road surface having a coefficient of friction and at least one hill slope, the system comprising:

means for generating a first disturbance value relates to the slope of a hill;

means for generating a second disturbance value related to the coefficient of friction of the road surface;

a summer for summing said first and second disturbance values to produce an optimum throttle position value; and

a means for controlling the level of vehicle traction in response to said optimum throttle position value to regulate the vehicle traction.

18. A traction control system as claimed in claim 17 wherein said means for generating a first disturbance value comprises a hill slope estimator and said means for generating a second disturbance value comprises a road surface coefficient of friction estimator.