Batteries

• US 5,034,290 A
• Filed: 02/28/1989
• Issued: 07/23/1991
• Est. Priority Date: 07/03/1987
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Chloride Silent Power Limited
• Original Assignee: Chloride Silent Power Limited
• Inventors: Molyneux, John, Bindin, Peter J., Sands, Gilbert, Dawson, Walter A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Kalafut, Stephen J.
• Application Number:
  US07/319,238
• Time in Patent Office: 875 Days
• Field of Search: 429/152-154, 429/157-160, 429/247, 429/120, 429/129, 429/130
• US Class Current: 429/120
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/613 Cooling or keeping cold
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/643 Cylindrical cells
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/652 characterised by gradients for achieving a desired temperature gradient H01M10/617
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/6554 Rods or plates
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/6555 arranged between the cells
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/6557 arranged between the cells
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/6571 Resistive heaters arrangements for heating the battery by its resistance to the internal current H01M10/637
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/658 by thermal insulation or shielding
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/213 adapted for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic H01M50/209, H01M50/216 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/24 adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion thermal insulation H01M10/658
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/264 for cells or batteries, e.g. straps, tie rods or peripheral frames
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/51 Connection only in series
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/522 Inorganic material
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/42 Grouping of primary cells into batteries H01M6/40 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 70/50 Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Abstract

Various constructions of battery are disclosed, each comprising one or more arrays of single cells or series arrangements of cells, arranged between bus plates and separated by separator members and spacers.

Claims

1. A battery comprising a plurality of cells or series arrangements of cells arranged between a pair of electrically conductive bus plates each serving to interconnect corresponding terminals of the cells or series arrangements therebetween, each terminal of each cell, or the end terminal of each series arrangement, being connected to the adjacent bus plate by means of a conductive metal strip welded to the terminal and having free ends passing through a hole in the bus plate and welded to the side of the bus plate remote from the terminal.

2. A battery as claimed in claim 1, comprising series arrangements of cells in which corresponding cells in the series arrangements are interconnected by means of electrically conductive members arranged between their cases whereby the battery comprises a plurality of series arrangements of parallel connected cells.

3. A battery as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, in which the bus plates are clamped together by means of a plurality of tie rods.

4. A battery as claimed in claim 3, in which the ends of the tie rods are located in pockets formed in the bus plates in order to maintain a flush arrangement, an insulating washer being provided at least one end of each tie rod in order to prevent the tie rod providing a short circuit between the bus plates.

5. A battery as claimed in claim 1, including electrically insulating separators between adjacent cells.

6. A battery as claimed in claim 5, in which the separators extend the full distance between the bus plates.

7. A battery as claimed in claim 5, in which the cells are in series arrangements, the separators each extending the length of the series arrangements between the bus plates.

8. A battery as claimed in any one of claims 5 to 7, in which the bus plates are clamped together by means of a plurality of tie rods.

9. A battery as claimed in any preceding claim consisting of a plurality of series arrangements of cells, in which adjacent cells in each series arrangement are separated by an interposed spacer member, a terminal of one cell being connected to a terminal of the adjacent cell by a conductive member secured to the terminals of the two cells and extending through an aperture in the spacer member.

10. A battery as claimed in claim 9, in which the conductive member is welded to a center terminal disc of the one cell and to a case of the adjacent cell, thereby to connect the cells together in series.

11. A battery as claimed in claim 9 or claim 10, in which the spacer member is of a ceramic or porcelain material.

12. A battery as claimed in claims 9 or 10, in which the spacer member has been formed in situ by injection of material between the cells.

13. A battery according to claim 5 comprising a plurality of parallel cells or parallel series arrangements of cells, including electrically insulating separators between adjacent cells or series arrangements, each separator comprising an elongate member formed with peripherally spaced concave surfaces which engage respective cells or cells in respective series arrangements.

33. A battery as claimed in any one of claims 1, 2, 5 to 7, 9, 10, 13 to 23, 25 to 30 and 32, in which the cells are sodium sulphur cells.

14. A battery comprising a plurality of parallel cells or parallel series arrangements of cells, including electrically insulating separators between adjacent cells or series arrangements, the separators being in the form of corrugated metal sheets covered with an electrically insulating coating, each corrugated metal sheet having a plurality of corrugations shaped to engage about part of the periphery of a plurality of cells or series arrangements of cells, thereby to maintain adjacent cells or series arrangements in the required space array.

15. A battery as claimed in claim 14, in which the separators are made of anodized aluminium sheets.

16. A battery as claimed in claim 14, in which the separators are made of metal sheets which are coated with a heat resistant vitreous enamel.

17. A battery comprising one or more arrays of cells or series arrangements of cells, arranged between a pair of bus plates, including a heat sink in thermal connection with one of the bus plates of the or each array with an interposed electrically insulating layer interposed between the heat sink and the bus plate or plates.

18. A battery as claimed in claim 17, in which the heat sink is of aluminium with the insulating layer being in the form of a suitable coating thereon.

19. A battery as claimed in claim 17, in which the heat sink is formed of two layers of aluminium, the battery further including an electrical heating element sandwiched between said two layers of aluminium.

20. A battery as claimed in claim 17, wherein the heat sink includes a slot, the battery further including a heating element located in said slot in the heat sink.

21. A battery as claimed in claim 17, in which the heat sink is constructed from a relatively thin aluminium sheet carrying a foil of pyrolitic graphite.

22. A battery as claimed in claim 21, in which the aluminium sheet is formed with a plurality of studs which are received in respective holes in the foil thereby to transmit heat between the sheet and foil.

23. A battery as claimed in claim 21, in which the pyrolitic graphite foil has been cut into strips and reassembled to give a layer with high conductivity through the thickness of the heat sink and in only one direction in the plane of the heat sink whereby heat to be dissipated is conducted to one edge only of the heat sink for dissipation.

24. A battery as claimed in any one of claims 17 to 23, in which the heat sink is formed for the passage of a heat transfer fluid therethrough.

25. A battery comprising two arrays of cells as claimed in claim 17, in which lower bus plates of the arrays rest on a common aluminium heat sink.

26. A battery as claimed in claim 25, in which the upper bus plate of one array of cells is connected to the lower bus plate of the other array of cells, thereby to connect the two arrays in series, by means of a number of conductive rods.

27. A battery as claimed in claim 26, in which the bus plates are of mild steel and the rods are of aluminium with mild steel end portions.

28. A battery as claimed in claim 25, including a single plate bent to serve as the upper bus plate of one array and the lower bus plate of the adjacent array, the intermediate portion of the plate extending between the arrays.

29. A battery enclosed in a thermally insulating housing which helps to maintain the battery at a required temperature, in which terminals of the battery are connected to leads which extend out of the housing, the length of each lead within the housing wall being greater than the thickness of that housing wall.

30. A battery as claimed in claim 29, in which the housing is constructed from two spaced layers of metal, with the space between the layers evacuated to give good thermal insulation properties.

31. A battery as claimed in claim 29 or claim 30, in which the portion of each lead in the wall is wound into a helical path which progresses gradually across the wall thickness.

32. A battery as claimed in claim 29, in which the dimensions of the lead vary along the path in order to give the lead the required thermal conductivity at all positions along the path.