Magnetically detectable plastic pipe

• US 5,036,210 A
• Filed: 07/16/1990
• Issued: 07/30/1991
• Est. Priority Date: 12/18/1989
• Status: Expired

• Current Assignee: Gas Technology Institute
• Original Assignee: Gas Research Institute (GTI Energy)
• Inventors: Goodman, William L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Levy, Stuart S.
• Assistant Examiner(s): duBois, Steven M.
• Application Number:
  US07/553,239
• Time in Patent Office: 379 Days
• Field of Search: 235/449, 235/450, 235/493, 405/154, 405/157, 264/105, 264/108, 264/173, 264/209.1, 138/104, 138/105, 324/67, 360/1, 428/329, 428/692, 428/694
• US Class Current: 235/493
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 48/07 Flat, e.g. panels
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 48/09 Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 48/19 the layers being joined at their edges
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2023/06 PE, i.e. polyethylene
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2027/06 PVC, i.e. polyvinylchloride
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2105/16 Fillers
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2995/0008 Magnetic or paramagnetic
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2995/0072 Roughness, e.g. anti-slip
• CPC Class Codes: B29L 2023/22 Tubes or pipes, i.e. rigid bent tubes not for use as pipe couplings B29L2023/004
• CPC Class Codes: F16L 1/11 for the detection or protection of pipes in the ground
• CPC Class Codes: F16L 9/12 of plastics with or without reinforcement F16L9/16 - F16L9/22 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: F16L 9/125 electrically conducting
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 15/00 Tags attached to, or associated with, an object, in order to enable detection of the object record carriers for use with machines having a detectable tag or marker G06K19/00
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/562 locatable, e.g. using magnetic means
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/06187 with magnetically detectable marking

Abstract

A magnetically detectable plastic, e.g., polyethylene, polyvinyl, etc., pipe for underground use comprises a hollow tubular plastic pipe having particles of magnetic material embedded in plastic and secured integrally with the wall of the pipe. The magnetic particles are of iron oxide or barium ferrite and of a size, shape, distribution and proportion such that the plastic pipe may be easily detected by magnetic detection apparatus on the surface when the plastic pipe is buried at a selected depth under the ground. The magnetic particles are uniformly distributed throughout the thickness and uniformly distributed around the entire circumference of the plastic pipe or the magnetic particles may be distributed in discrete portions of the plastic pipe, as for example, a uniform outer layer of the pipe or in stripes or strips extending along the pipe. The particles may be extruded with the plastic in forming the pipe, whether uniformly dispersed or in discrete regions or the pipe may be formed of plastic free of the magnetic particles and the magnetic particles provided in a separately applied strip which may be coextruded or fused or adhered to the wall of the pipe. The magnetic strips or magnetic portions of the plastic pipe may have selective areas or portions magnetized to encode information readable from the surface of the ground above the buried pipe or in inventorying pipe on the surface.

Claims

1. A method of producing magnetically detectable plastic pipe for underground use, comprising;

providing an organic plastic for extrusion,

providing particles of magnetic material comprising electrically-nonconductive, highly-magnetizable iron oxide or barium ferrite,

mixing said particles of electrically-nonconductive, highly-magnetizable iron oxide or barium ferrite uniformly with said organic plastic, heating and extruding said mixture of organic plastic and electrically-nonconductive, highly-magnetizable iron oxide or barium ferrite and highly magnetizing said particles to produce a hollow tubular pipe having said highly magnetized particles distributed and proportioned such that the plastic pipe may be easily detected by magnetic detection apparatus on the surface when the plastic pipe is buried at three to five feet or more under the ground.

2. A method according to claim 1 in which

said electrically-nonconductive, highly-magnetizable iron oxide or barium ferrite particles are selectively magnetized after formation of said pipe to encode data therein readable from the surface after the pipe is buried three to five feet or more under the ground.

3. A method according to claim 1 in which

said mixture of organic plastic and magnetic particles is extruded to produce a hollow tubular plastic pipe which,

said electrically-nonconductive, highly-magnetizable iron oxide or barium ferrite particles are uniformly distributed throughout the thickness of the wall of said plastic pipe, and

uniformly distributed around the entire circumference of said plastic pipe.

4. A method according to claim 1 including

providing an additional quantity of said organic plastic free of said magnetic particles, and

extruding said organic plastic free of said magnetic particles and said mixture of organic plastic and electrically-nonconductive, highly-magnetizable iron oxide or barium ferrite particles together to produce a hollow tubular plastic pipe having said electrically-nonconductive, highly-magnetizable iron oxide or barium ferrite particles distributed and proportioned in separate discrete regions of the plastic pipe such that the plastic pipe may be easily detected by magnetic detection apparatus on the surface when the plastic pipe is buried at three to five feet or more under the ground or otherwise at a substantial distance from the plastic pipe.

5. A method according to claim 1 including

providing an additional quantity of said organic plastic free of said magnetic particles, and

extruding said organic plastic free of said magnetic particles and said mixture of organic plastic and electrically-nonconductive, highly-magnetizable iron oxide or barium ferrite particles together to produce a hollow tubular plastic pipe having said electrically-nonconductive, highly-magnetizable iron oxide or barium ferrite particles distributed and proportioned in a separate discrete region of the plastic pipe comprising an outer layer integral with the plastic pipe such that the plastic pipe may be easily detected by magnetic detection apparatus on the surface when the plastic pipe is buried at three to five feet or more under the ground or otherwise at a substantial distance from the plastic pipe.

6. A method according to claim 1 including

providing an additional quantity of said organic plastic free of said magnetic particles, and

extruding said organic plastic free of said magnetic particles and said mixture of organic plastic and electrically-nonconductive, highly-magnetizable iron oxide or barium ferrite particles together to produce a hollow tubular plastic pipe having said electrically-nonconductive, highly-magnetizable iron oxide or barium ferrite particles distributed and proportioned in separate discrete regions of the plastic pipe comprising stripes of magnetic material extending longitudinally of the plastic pipe such that the plastic pipe may be easily detected by magnetic detection apparatus on the surface when the plastic pipe is buried at three to five feet or more under the ground or otherwise at a substantial distance from the plastic pipe.

7. A method according to claim 6 in which

said electrically-nonconductive, highly-magnetizable iron oxide or barium ferrite particles are magnetized in the course of forming said pipe.

8. A method according to claim 6 in which

said electrically-nonconductive, highly-magnetizable iron oxide or barium ferrite particles are magnetized after formation of said pipe.

9. A method according to claim 6 in which

said electrically-nonconductive, highly-magnetizable iron oxide or barium ferrite particles are selectively magnetized after formation of said pipe to encode data therein readable from the surface after the pipe is buried or otherwise at a distance from the plastic pipe.

10. A method of producing magnetically detectable polymeric pipe for underground use, comprising:

providing a hollow tubular pipe of organic polymer,

providing a strip of organic plastic containing particles of electrically-nonconductive, highly-magnetized iron oxide or barium ferrite,

affixing at least one said strip of organic polymer containing particles of electrically-nonconductive, highly-magnetized iron oxide or barium ferrite to said plastic pipe to produce a composite pipe having said electrically-nonconductive, highly-magnetized iron oxide or barium ferrite particles positioned and proportioned such that the plastic pipe may be easily detected by magnetic detection apparatus on the surface when the plastic pipe is buried at a selected depth under the ground or otherwise at a distance from the plastic pipe.

11. A method according to claim 10 in which

said strip of magnetized-particle-carrying polymeric material is extruded and subsequently fused to the surface of the wall of said plastic pipe.

12. A method according to claim 10 in which

said strip of magnetized-particle-carrying polymeric material is adhered to the surface of the wall of said plastic pipe.

13. A method according to claim 10 in which said strip of magnetized-particle-carrying polymeric material is coextruded with said plastic pipe.

14. A method according to claim 10 in which said particles are magnetized in the course of forming said strip.

15. A method according to claim 10 in which

said particles are selectively magnetized after formation of said pipe to encode data therein readable from the surface after the pipe is buried or otherwise at a distance from the plastic pipe.

16. A method according to claim 10 in which

said particles are magnetized after formation of said strip.

17. A method according to claim 16 in which

said magnetic particles are selectively magnetized after formation of said pipe to encode data therein readable from the surface after the pipe is buried.