Electrical heating

• US 5,038,018 A
• Filed: 09/25/1989
• Issued: 08/06/1991
• Est. Priority Date: 09/25/1989
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Calorique Limited
• Original Assignee: Flexwatt Corporation
• Inventors: Morgan, Lawrence, Marstiller, John A., Bodensiek, Paul H., Maikantis, Demetrius, Grise, Frederick G. J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Walberg, Teresa J.
• Application Number:
  US07/411,703
• Time in Patent Office: 680 Days
• Field of Search: 219/213, 219/345, 219/528, 219/543, 219/549, 219/202, 219/461, 219/462, 392/435
• US Class Current: 219/213
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 2203/004 using zigzag layout
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 2203/005 using multiple resistive elements or resistive zones isolated from each other
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 2203/011 Heaters using laterally extending conductive material as connecting means
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 2203/013 Heaters using resistive films or coatings
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 2203/017 Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 2203/032 Heaters specially adapted for heating by radiation heating
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 3/145 Carbon only, e.g. carbon black, graphite
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 3/36 heating conductor embedded in insulating material

Abstract

A truck trailer or similar bulk storage area is heated by providing electrical resistance heaters in longitudinally-extending metal ducts extending from and to a short distance below the floor level. Electrical sheet resistance heaters are attached to the underside of the metal plate forming the duct top, each duct is placed between a longitudinally-extending pair of wooden floor boards, and a pair of ducts are placed side-by-side near each edge of the trailer bed or floor of the storage area.

Claims

1. A heating system for an area having a generally horizontal support surface, said area comprising:

a longitudinally-extending duct below said support surface,

a generally flat plate of heat conducting material forming the top of said duct and being mounted so that the top surface of said plate forms a portion of and is generally coplanar with other portions of said support surface; and

,

an electric sheet heater mounted within said duct in face-to-face engagement with the underside of said plate and extending a major portion of the width of said duct, said duct and said heater being arranged to provide a heat flow passage within said duct below said heater.

2. The heating system of claim 1 wherein said heater is mounted at the top of said duct closely adjacent the underside of said plate.

3. The heating system of claim 1 wherein said heater is a sheet heater and is secured to the underside of said plate.

4. The heating system of claim 1 wherein said duct comprises a generally channel-shaped metal trough.

5. The heating system of claim 4 wherein said duct is generally rectangular in transverse cross-system, and wherein the bottom area of said trough reflects heat radiation.

6. A heating system for an area having a generally horizontal support surface, said area comprising:

a longitudinally-extending duct below said support surface,

a generally flat plate of heat conducting material forming the top of said duct and being mounted so that the top surface of said plate forms a portion of and is generally coplanar with other portions of said support surface;

an electric heater mounted within said duct; and

longitudinally-extending members of relatively heat-insulating material positioned along and engaging the opposite longitudinally-extending sides of said duct.

7. A heating system for a storage area having a floor comprising a plurality of longitudinally-extending floor members positioned such that the top surfaces of said members are generally coplanar, said system comprising:

a longitudinally-extending metal duct of generally rectangular transverse cross-section positioned between a pair of said floor members such that the bottom of said duct defines a generally horizontal surface spaced below the plane of the top surface of said floor members;

a longitudinally-extending metal plate forming the top of said duct, the top of said plate being generally coplanar with the top surfaces of said floor members; and

a longitudinally-extending electric heater mounted within said duct in contact with the underside of said plate, said duct defining a longitudinally-extending heat flow passage below said heater having a transverse cross-sectional area of not less than 0.001 sq. ft.

8. The heating system of claim 7 wherein the interior surface of the bottom of said duct is polished metal.

9. The heating system of claim 7 wherein said heater is a sheet heater.

10. The heating system of claim 9 wherein said sheet heater comprises a pair of superimposed sheets of organic plastic and, therebetween, a pair of longitudinally-extending electrodes and a layer of semiconductor material extending between and electrically connected to said electrodes.

11. The heating system of claim 7 wherein said heater is a sheet heater and is attached to the interior surface of said plate.

12. The heating system of claim 7 wherein the inside surface of said plate is coated with a radiant heat absorbing material.

13. The heating system of claim 7 wherein said duct has a cross-section transverse thereof in the range of about 0.01 square feet to about 0.25 square feet.

14. The heating system of claim 13 wherein said size is about 0.01 square feet to about 0.10 square feet.

15. The heating system of claim 7 wherein the width of said duct is in the range of 3 to 8 inches.

16. The heating system of claim 15 wherein the height of said duct is in the range of 0.5 to 2 inches.

17. The heating system of claim 7 wherein said plate has a cross-sectional area, measured transversely thereof, in the range of about 1 to about 6 square inches.

22. The heating system of claim 7 wherein said plate is of a material having a thermal conductivity not less than about 100 watts per square meter per degree Celsius.

18. A heating system for a storage area having a floor comprising a plurality of longitudinally-extending floor members positioned such that the top surfaces of said members are generally coplanar on said system comprising:

a longitudinally-extending metal duct of generally rectangular transverse cross-section positioned between a pair of said floor members such that the bottom of said duct defines a generally horizontal surface spaced below the plane of the top surfaces of said floor members;

a longitudinally-extending metal plate forming top of said duct, the top of said plate being generally coplanar with the top surfaces of said floor members; and

a longitudinally-extending electric heater mounted within said duct closely adjacent the underside of said plate,

said duct defining a longitudinally-extending heat flow passage having a transverse cross-sectional area of not less than 0.001 sq. ft., and

said plate having a width at least two inches greater than the width of said duct and being centered substantially longitudinally of said duct, the portions of said plate that extend beyond the opposite sides of said duct being supported by said floor members.

19. The heating system of claim 18 wherein said floor members define recesses in the upper surfaces thereof adjacent the opposite sides of said ducts, said portions of said plate being positioned in said recesses.

20. A heating system for a storage area having a floor comprising a plurality of longitudinally-extending floor members positioned such that the top surfaces of said members are generally coplanar on said system comprising:

a longitudinally-extending metal duct of generally rectangular transverse cross-section positioned between a pair of said floor members such that the bottom of said duct defines a generally horizontal surface spaced below the plane of the top surfaces of said floor members;

a longitudinally-extending metal plate forming top of said duct, the top of said plate being generally coplanar with the top surfaces of said floor members; and

a longitudinally-extending electric heater mounted within said duct closely adjacent the underside of said plate,

said duct defining a longitudinally-extending heat flow passage having a transverse cross-sectional area of not less than 0.001 sq. ft., and comprising a generally channel-shaped in transverse cross-section member having a pair of flanges extending outwardly from the opposite top edges thereof, said flanges being positioned in recesses in said floor members adjacent the opposite sides of said ducts and underlying portions of said plate.

21. The heating system of claim 20 wherein said heater is a sheet heater comprising a layer of conductive graphite material between a pair of organic plastic sheets, one of said sheets being adhesively attached to the underside of said plate within said duct.