Sensor for detecting fluid flow from a positive displacement pump

• US 5,039,279 A
• Filed: 03/15/1990
• Issued: 08/13/1991
• Est. Priority Date: 03/15/1990
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Hospira Incorporated (Pfizer Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Abbott Laboratories Incorporated
• Inventors: Lawless, Michael W., Natwick, Vernon R.
• Primary Examiner(s): Smith, Leonard E.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Szczecina, Jr., Eugene L.
• Application Number:
  US07/494,201
• Time in Patent Office: 516 Days
• Field of Search: 417/44, 417/63, 417/474, 417/479, 137/554, 116/264, 116/266, 116/277
• US Class Current: 417/63
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 39/281 Automatic tube cut-off devices, e.g. squeezing tube on detection of air
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/14228 with linear peristaltic action, i.e. comprising at least three pressurising members or a helical member
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/16854 by monitoring line pressure

Abstract

A flow detector for use in a volumetric pump to determine if fluid is being displaced by the pump. The volumetric pump (30) includes an inlet cracking valve (46) and an outlet cracking valve (52) disposed on opposite sides of a plunger (48) used to displace fluid by compressing flexible tubing (34). During a pumping segment of a pumping cycle for the volumetric pump, the outlet cracking valve is closed with a cracking force that compresses the flexible tubing until the pressure of the fluid displaced by the plunger exceeds a cracking pressure, at which time the outlet cracking valve opens to enable fluid flow from the volumetric pump. A cracking flexure (182) provides the cracking force. As the outlet cracking valve opens in response to the fluid passage exceeding the cracking pressure, a flow detector (54) comprising in one preferred embodiment a strain gauge (198) mounted to the cracking flexure responds to the stress generated in the cracking flexure thereby, producing a signal indicative of fluid flow from the volumetric pump. Other types of sensors, including an optical sensor (300), and a linear variable displacement transformer (LVDT) (318) are alternatively used for sensing movement of an outlet valve arm (180) as fluid flows from volumetric pump (30). Since a compressible gaseous fluid in the pumping portion of the flexible tubing does not develop the cracking pressure, the flow detector also provides an indication when a source of liquid (31) for the volumetric pump has run dry.

Claims

1. Apparatus for sensing fluid flow through a passage defined by a flexible member in a positive displacement pump, comprising:

a. a valve member, mounted in the pump to pivot around a pivot axis, said valve member including a surface that engages the flexible member;

b. a spring mounted in biasing relationship to the valve member, causing the valve member to pivot around the pivot axis so that the valve member compresses a portion of the flexible member with a cracking force, restricting fluid flow through the passage, a fluid pressure in the passage in excess of a predetermined cracking pressure producing a force that opposes the cracking force developed by the spring, enabling fluid to flow through the passage past the valve member;

c. flow detector means, mounted proximal the spring, for producing a signal indicative of deflection experienced by the spring due to fluid pressure acting on the valve member in opposition to the cracking force developed by the spring; and

d. control means, connected to receive the signal produced by the flow detector means, for determining whether fluid is flowing past the valve member within the passage as a function of said signal.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the fluid pressure developed as the pump attempts to positively displace a gaseous fluid within the passage is less than the cracking pressure and cannot enable the gaseous fluid to flow past the valve member.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the control means are operative to determine whether the pump is compressing the gaseous fluid or positively displacing a liquid, as a function of said signal.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the flexible member comprises flexible tubing through which the fluid flows, and the valve member compresses the flexible tubing against a backing surface on the pump to restrict fluid flow through the pump past the valve member.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the spring comprises an elongate flat flexure that is mounted at one point along its length to the pump and extends therefrom into abutting contact with the valve member.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the valve member includes a surface against which the flexure abuts to apply the force biasing the valve member to compress the flexible member.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein said flow detector means are disposed between said point where the flexure is mounted to the pump and a point where the flexure abuts against the surface of the valve member.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the control means determine that the fluid is flowing past the valve member if a magnitude of the signal produced by the flow detector means exceeds a predetermined level.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the flow detector means comprise a strain gauge that is attached to the spring and produces said signal in response to the stress that the spring experiences as a result of movement of the valve member.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the flow detector means comprise an optical sensor.

11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the flow detector means comprise a Hall effect sensor.

12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the flow detector means comprise a variable reactance sensor.

13. A fluid flow detector for determining that a fluid is flowing out of an outlet port of a positive displacement pump as the pump compresses flexible tubing to displace fluid from within a pumping portion of the flexible tubing, comprising:

a. an outlet valve member, mounted in the pump to pivot about a pivot axis into contact with the flexible tubing;

b. spring bias means for applying a cracking force against the outlet valve member, causing it to pivot about the pivot axis, compressing the flexible tubing against a backing plate and thereby restricting fluid flow through the outlet port until a fluid pressure within the pumping portion of the flexible tubing produces a force that acts on the outlet valve member, enabling fluid to flow past the outlet valve member and through the outlet port of the pump; and

c. a flow sensor, disposed proximate to the spring bias means, and operative to monitor the deflection of the outlet valve member caused by fluid pressure in the flexible tubing, and in response thereto, operative to produce a signal indicative of whether the pressure within the pumping portion of the flexible tubing is producing a force acting on the outlet valve member in excess of the cracking force, thereby causing the outlet valve member to open, and enabling fluid flow from the pump.

14. The fluid flow detector of claim 13, wherein the pressure developed within the pumping portion of the flexible tubing by the pump compressing a gaseous fluid is always less than that required to produce a force in excess of the cracking force, so that compressed gaseous fluid cannot flow past the outlet valve member and out of the pump.

15. The fluid flow detector of claim 14, wherein the deflection sensor is further operative to detect whether a liquid is being positively displaced or a gaseous fluid is being compressed in the pumping portion of the flexible tubing, since the gaseous fluid does not develop sufficient pressure to force open the outlet valve member.

16. The fluid flow detector of claim 13, wherein the spring bias means comprise an elongate flat flexure that is mounted on the pump and abuts against the outlet valve member.

17. The fluid flow detector of claim 16, wherein the deflection sensor comprises a strain gauge attached to the flexure, which produces the signal, said signal being proportional to a stress applied by the outlet valve member to deflect the flexure.

18. The fluid flow detector of claim 16, wherein the deflection sensor is disposed on the flexure intermediate a point where the flexure is mounted to the pump and a point where it abuts the outlet valve member.

19. The fluid flow detector of claim 13, wherein the deflection sensor comprises an optical sensor.

20. The fluid flow detector of claim 13, wherein the deflection sensor comprises a Hall effect sensor.

21. The fluid flow detector of claim 13, wherein the deflection sensor comprises a variable reactance sensor.

22. The fluid flow detector of claim 13, wherein the outlet valve member comprises an actuator portion acted upon by the spring bias means and a flow control portion connected to the actuator portion, which compresses the flexible tube to control fluid flow therethrough due to the cracking force applied by the spring bias means against the actuator portion.