Identification system

• US 5,041,826 A
• Filed: 02/16/1990
• Issued: 08/20/1991
• Est. Priority Date: 02/15/1984
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Destron Fearing Corporation (Merck & Co., Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Destron/Idi Incorporated
• Inventors: Milheiser, Thomas A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Weldon, Ulysses
• Application Number:
  US07/481,833
• Time in Patent Office: 550 Days
• Field of Search: 340/825.54, 340/825.55, 340/825.69, 340/825.72, 340/825.34, 340/825.94, 340/572, 455/118, 455/41, 375/45, 375/62, 375/78, 375/81, 375/52, 370/53, 370/112
• US Class Current: 340/10.42
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/0723 the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
• CPC Class Codes: G07C 9/28 the pass enabling tracking or indicating presence
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 7/044 using a single bit, e.g. start stop bit
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 7/046 using a dotting sequence

Abstract

A passive integrated transponder (PIT) is attached to or embedded in an item to be identified. It is excited via an inductive coupling from an interrogator. The PIT responds to the interrogator via the inductive coupling with a signal constituting a stream of data unique to the identified item. The signal is in the form of two different frequencies, a shift from one frequency to the second during a bit cell representing a data "one", and a shift from the second frequency to the first frequency representing a data "zero". The responsive signal is then detected and processed for utilization in a data storage or display device.

Claims

1. An interrogator for use in an identification system, said identification system including one or more transponders each adapted to be attached to an article or thing to be identified, and each comprising means for receiving an interrogation signal of a specified frequency and means responding to the received interrogation signal by transmitting a frequency-shift-keyed identification signal that is indicative of the identity of the object or thing wherein said frequency-shift-keyed identification signal is varied between two different transmission frequencies, that are each substantially different than said specified frequency, each of said two transmission frequencies being of a lower frequency than said interrogation signal as is achieved by integer division of said specified frequency of said interrogation signal, and wherein said identification signal is of a signal format comprising a first synchronization portion, and a second data portion of variable length that operates to identify the article or thing, wherein said interrogator comprises:

an antenna connected to means for transmitting an interrogation signal at a specified frequency;

means connected to said antenna and concurrently operable with said transmitting means for receiving a frequency-shift-keyed identification signal transmitted by a transponder at said two transmission frequencies that are substantially lower than that of said interrogation signal; and

means connected to said receiving means for demodulating and detecting said frequency-shift-keyed identification signal received from the transponder and including means for separately detecting the separate first and second portions of the identification signal and for responding to the same by generating a signal corresponding to the identity of the article or thing.

2. The interrogator of claim 1, wherein said means for demodulating and detecting said identification signal comprises voltage controlled oscillator means and phase detector means coupled for receiving said identification signal from said receiving means for generating a signal responsive to frequency-shift-keyed variations in the identification signal.

3. The interrogator of claim 1 wherein the signal format of said identification signal further comprises a third portion interposed between said first and second portions, and wherein said interrogator further comprises means for separately detecting said third portion.

4. The interrogator of claim 3, wherein said first and second portions of said identification signal each comprise a number of bit cells regularly spaced in time, and the frequency of said identification signal is varied at a specified position during each of said bit cells, and wherein said third portion of said signal extends over a period of time at least as long as one of said bit cells, during which said transmission frequency is not varied.

5. The interrogator of claim 4, wherein said third portion of said signal is not varied responsive to the information content of either of said first or second portions.

6. The interrogator of claim 1 wherein said identification signal is transmitted over a number of bit cells, and wherein the frequency of said bit cells is of a frequency that is lower than said two transmission frequencies as is achieved by an integer division of the specified frequency of said interrogation signal.

7. The interrogator of claim 6, in combination with means for generating a report providing indication of the presence of a particular object or thing to be identified at a particular interrogator location at a particular time.

8. The interrogator for use in an identification system, said system comprising a plurality of individual transponders, each of said transponders comprising memory means for storing a variable length identification code indicative of the identity of an object or thing to be identified and to which a transponder is attached, said transponders each further comprising means for receiving an interrogation signal of a specified frequency and means responsive to said interrogation signal for transmitting a frequency-shift-keyed identification signal that is derived from said interrogation signal including a first synchronization portion and a second portion of variable length corresponding to the stored identification code, said interrogator comprising:

an antenna;

an exciter portion, comprising signal source means and driver means, said signal source means and said driver means being connected to said antenna and being adapted to drive said antenna to transmit an interrogation signal at a specified frequency;

a signal conditioner portion, connected to said antenna and adapted to receive a frequency-shift-keyed identification signal transmitted by one of said transponders concurrently with transmission of said interrogation signal from said antenna, said signal conditioner portion comprising filter means and amplifier means; and

an identification portion, connected to said signal conditioner portion, comprising demodulator means and detector means for receiving said received frequency-shift-keyed identification signal, demodulating and detecting the same, and means coupled to detect the first and second portions of said received frequency-shift-keyed identification signal and responding thereto for generating an output signal corresponding to the identity of the object or thing to which said one of said transponders is attached.

9. The interrogator of claim 8, wherein said transmitting antenna and said receiving antenna are one and the same.

10. The interrogator of claim 8, wherein said demodulator and detector means together comprise voltage controlled oscillator means and phase detector means coupled to the output of said signal conditioner portion for generating a signal responsive to said received frequency-shift-keyed identification signal.

11. The interrogator of claim 8, in combination with means for providing a display indicative of the identity of the object identified together with an indication of the time and place of such identification.

12. The interrogator of claim 8 wherein said identification signal further comprises a third portion interposed between said first synchronization portion and said second data portion, and wherein said interrogator comprises means for separately detecting said third portion.

13. The interrogator of claim 12, wherein said synchronization and data portions of said identification signal each comprise a number of bit cells regularly spaced in time, wherein the transmission frequency of said identification signal is varied at a specified position during each of said bit cells, and wherein said third portion of said signal extends over a period of time at least as long as one of said bit cells, during which said transmission frequency is not varied.

14. The interrogator of claim 13, wherein said third portion of said signal is not varied responsive to the information content of either of said first or second portions.