Focal plane array readout employing one capacitive feedback transimpedance amplifier for each column

• US 5,043,820 A
• Filed: 03/27/1989
• Issued: 08/27/1991
• Est. Priority Date: 03/27/1989
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Raytheon Company (Rtx Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Hughes Aircraft Company (Rtx Corporation)
• Inventors: Gaalema, Steven D., Wyles, Richard H., Gates, James L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Orsino, Joseph A.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Jackson, Jill
• Application Number:
  US07/329,229
• Time in Patent Office: 883 Days
• Field of Search: 250/208.1, 358/213.12, 358/212, 358/213.28, 358/213.27
• US Class Current: 348/300
• CPC Class Codes: G11C 11/4096 Input/output [I/O] data management or control circuits, e.g. reading or writing circuits, I/O drivers or bit-line switches
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 25/76 Addressed sensors, e.g. MOS or CMOS sensors
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 25/767 Horizontal readout lines, multiplexers or registers
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 25/78 Readout circuits for addressed sensors, e.g. output amplifiers or A/D converters
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 3/1506 with addressing of the image-sensor elements H04N3/1575 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 5/33 Transforming infrared radiation cameras or camera modules for generating image signals from infrared radiation H04N23/20; circuitry of SSIS for transforming infrared radiation into image signals H04N25/20

Abstract

A readout circuit for use with a focal plane array that employs a single transistor in each unit cell and a single capacitive feedback transimpedance amplifier to process the outputs of each column of detector elements of the array. The capacitive feedback transimpedance amplifiers extract the signals associated with the pixels along a particular row of the array. The present invention permits high performance readouts to be constructed with very little circuitry in the unit cells. Only a single minimum sized transistor switch is required in each unit cell to perform readout and reset functions for the array. In the disclosed embodiment, the readout circuit comprises an array of unit cells, each cell comprising a detector input circuit, a single transistor and a single charge storage capacitor. Row address circuits are coupled to the cells in each row of the array. A plurality of capacitive feedback transimpedance amplifiers are coupled to the cells in each column of the array. The amplifiers process charge derived from the detector elements and stored in the charge storage capacitor of each unit cell. Column multiplexing circuits multiplex the output signals provided by each of the amplifiers. Column address circuits are coupled to the column multiplexing circuits which couple output signals from each of the multiplexer circuits as the output from the readout circuit.

Claims

1. A focal plane array readout circuit for use with a focal plane array having a predetermined number of rows and columns of detector elements, said readout circuit comprising:

an array of unit cells, each cell comprising charge storage and transfer means for receiving and storing charge derived from the detector elements of the focal plane array;

row address means coupled to each row of unit cells of the array;

a plurality of capacitive feedback transimpedance amplifiers, one capacitive feedback transimpedance amplifier coupled to the cells in each column of unit cells of the array for processing charge stored in the charge storage and transfer means of the unit cells;

column multiplexing means coupled to respective ones of the capacitive feedback transimpedance amplifiers for multiplexing output signals provided thereby; and

column address means coupled to the column multiplexing means for addressing each of the column multiplexing means and for coupling output signals provided thereby out of the readout circuit.

2. The focal plane array readout circuit of claim 1 which further comprises:

charge injection means coupled to the input of each capacitive feedback transimpedance amplifier.

3. The focal plane array readout circuit of claim 1 which further comprises:

clamp circuit means coupled to the output of each capacitive feedback transimpedance amplifier.

4. The focal plane array readout circuit of claim 1 which further comprises:

buffer circuit means coupled to the output of each capacitive feedback transimpedance amplifier.

5. The focal plane array readout circuit of claim 4 which further comprises:

sample and hold circuit means coupled to the buffer circuit means.

6. Focal plane array readout circuit for use with a focal plane array having a predetermined number of rows and columns of detector elements, said readout circuit comprising:

an array of unit cells, each cell comprising a detector input circuit, a single transistor and a single charge storage capacitor;

a plurality of row address circuits respectively coupled to the cells in a selected row of the array;

a plurality of capacitive feedback transimpedance amplifiers equal to the number of columns of detector elements, each amplifier respectively coupled to the cells in a selected column of the array for processing charge stored in the charge storage capacitor of each unit cell in parallel with the unit cells in the other columns;

a plurality of column multiplexing circuits coupled to respective ones of the capacitive feedback transimpedance amplifiers for multiplexing output signals provided by each of the amplifiers; and

a plurality of column address circuits respectively coupled to the column multiplexing circuits for coupling output signals provided by each of the multiplexers as the focal plane array output from the readout circuit.

7. The focal plane array readout circuit of claim 6 which further comprises:

charge injection means respectively coupled to the inputs of the plurality of capacitive feedback transimpedance amplifiers for injecting charge into the capacitive feedback transimpedance amplifiers to adjust the operating point thereof.

8. The focal plane array readout circuit of claim 6 which further comprises:

clamp circuit means respectively coupled to the outputs of the plurality of capacitive feedback transimpedance amplifiers for reducing reset noise and eliminating DC nonuniformities therein.

9. The focal plane array readout circuit of claim 6 which further comprises:

buffer circuit means respectively coupled to the outputs of the plurality of capacitive feedback transimpedance amplifiers for preventing gain reduction therein.

10. The focal plane array readout circuit of claim 9 which further comprises:

sample and hold circuit means respectively coupled to each of the buffer circuit means for isolating the respective capacitive feedback transimpedance amplifiers during column multiplexing operations.

11. Focal plane array readout circuit for use with a focal plane array having a predetermined number of rows and columns of detector elements, said readout circuit comprising:

an array of unit cells, each cell comprising a detector input circuit, a single transistor and a single charge storage capacitance;

a plurality of row address circuits respectively coupled to respective gates of the transistors in a selected row of unit cells of the array;

a plurality of capacitive feedback transimpedance amplifiers equal to the number of columns of detector elements, each capacitive feedback transimpedance amplifier coupled to the transistors in a selected column of unit cells of the array for processing charge stored in the charge storage capacitance of each unit cell of a selected row of the unit cells in parallel;

a plurality of column multiplexing circuits coupled to respective ones of the capacitive feedback transimpedance amplifiers for multiplexing output signals provided by each of the amplifiers; and

a plurality of column address circuits respectively coupled to the column multiplexing circuits for addressing each of the plurality of column multiplexing circuits for coupling output signals provided by each of the multiplexer circuits as the focal plane array output from the readout circuit.

12. The focal plane array readout circuit of claim 11 which further comprises:

a plurality of charge injection circuits respectively coupled to the inputs of each of the capacitive feedback transimpedance amplifiers.

13. The focal plane array readout circuit of claim 11 which further comprises:

a plurality of clamp circuits respectively coupled to the output of each of the capacitive feedback transimpedance amplifiers.

14. The focal plane array readout circuit of claim 11 which further comprises:

a plurality of buffer circuits respectively coupled to the output of each of the capacitive feedback transimpedance amplifiers.

15. The focal plane array readout circuit of claim 14 which further comprises:

a plurality of sample and hold circuits respectively coupled to the buffer circuits.