Radiographically readable information carrier and method of using same

• US 5,044,955 A
• Filed: 05/09/1989
• Issued: 09/03/1991
• Est. Priority Date: 05/09/1989
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Gary E. Jagmin
• Original Assignee: Gary E. Jagmin
• Inventors: Jagmin, Gary E.
• Primary Examiner(s): Stone, Cary E.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Lynch, Michael
• Application Number:
  US07/349,530
• Time in Patent Office: 847 Days
• Field of Search: 433/215, 433/229, 40/300, 40/301, 40/302, 40/303, 40/304
• US Class Current: 433/229
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/117 Identification of persons methods or arrangements for recognising patterns, e.g. fingerprints, G06F18/00, G06V40/00; identification of persons by analysing their voice or speech G10L17/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1178 using dental data
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 90/39 Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 90/94 coded with symbols, e.g. text
• CPC Class Codes: G07C 3/04 using counting means or digital clocks

Abstract

A personal information carrier (10) having a radiographically readable code (12) uniquely identifying a person which is installed in a cavity (34) in the side (30) of the person'"'"'s tooth (32) which is then filled with a radiolucent composite filler (50) to protectively seal the carrier (10) within the cavity (40). Detecting the location of a missing child is achieved by using a filler (50) which matches the color of the surrounding tooth surface (30) to conceal the presence of the personal information carrier (10) from a potential kidnapper and distributing the code (12) of the missing child to the authorities and professional dental community. Amnesics and corpses are also identified by radiographically reading the carrier (10) and comparing the code (12) to a list of codes (12) of missing persons which are listed in alphanumeric order.

Claims

1. An identification apparatus comprising:

a permanent, personal information carrier of a size insertable into a radiolucent, man-made cavity within a tooth of an individual and having information carrying radiopaque shapes which are radiographically discernable; and

means for sealing an concealing the carrier within said cavity and permitting utilizing a radiopaque sensing, noninvasive, visualizing technique to convey information concerning the individual, said means including a visually opaque radiolucent dental filler.

2. The personal information carrier of claim 1 in which the dental filler substantially matches the color of the tooth at the site of the cavity to conceal the presence of the personal information carrier.

3. The personal information carrier of claim 1 in which the filler and personal information carrier completely fill the cavity.

4. The personal information carrier of claim 1 in combination with a dental X-ray machine for providing a radiographic reproduction of the alphanumeric characters on radiographic film.

5. The personal information carrier of claim 1 in which the cavity is a slot approximately 5.0-7.0 millimeters long by 2.0 millimeters wide by 1.5-3 millimeters deep.

6. The personal information carrier of claim 1 in combination with a decoder for decoding a code represented by said radiopaque shapes.

7. The personal information carrier of claim 6 in which said radiopaque shapes are the shapes of alphanumeric code words having preselected locations for letters and preselected locations for numbers.

8. The personal information carrier of claim 1 in combination with a decoder for decoding a code represented by said radiopaque shapes.

9. The personal information carrier of claim 8 in combination with a package within which said carrier, said filler and a set of instructions to use same are enclosed.

10. The personal information carrier of claim 1 in which said noninvasive technique is standard radiographic X-ray technique for forming a radiographic representation of the radiopaque shapes of the alphanumeric characters.

11. The personal information carrier of claim 1 in which said radiopaque shapes include numerical shapes.

12. The personal information carrier of claim 11 in combination with a list of codes for missing persons arranged at least partly in numerical order.

13. The personal information carrier of claim 1 in which said radiopaque shapes include alphabetical shapes.

14. The personal information carrier of claim 13 in which said radiopaque shapes include numerical shapes.

15. The personal information carrier of claim 13 in combination with a list of codes for missing persons arranged at least partly in alphabetical order.

16. A method of radiographically marking a person with individual information, comprising the steps of:

providing a personal information carrier with radiopaque shapes of information carrying characters associated with the person which are radiographically readable by conventional dental X-ray technique;

attaching the personal information carrier to a cavity within a mineralized part of the body like the teeth of the person to whom the information relates; and

filling said cavity with a visually opaque radiolucent dental sealing material securing the information carrier with the cavity and hiding the presence of the information carrier from visual inspection.

17. The radiographically marking method of claim 16 including the step of taking an X-ray radiograph of the radiopaque shapes to read the information carrying characters thereof.

18. The radiographically marking method of claim 17 including the step of decoding the characters to ascertain the information carried by said characters.

19. The radiographically marking method of claim 16 including the step of encoding information by means of said characters identifying the person.

20. The radiographically marking method of claim 19 in which said encoding includes a field of approximately five alphanumeric characters which uniquely identify the person.

21. The radiographically marking method of claim 16 in which the step of attaching the personal information carrier includes the steps of:

providing a cavity within a tooth for receipt of the carrier;

inserting the carrier into the cavity; and

protectively sealing the carrier within the cavity with a radiolucent, dental composite filler.

22. The radiographically marking method of claim 21 in which said step of sealing includes completely filling the cavity over with the radiolucent dental filler material after insertion of the carrier in the bottom of the cavity.

23. The radiographically marking method of claim 21 in which said step of sealing includes the step of sealing said carrier within the cavity with a visually opaque dental filler.

24. The radiographically marking method of claim 21 in which

said step of providing a cavity includes drilling the cavity in the side of a selected tooth, and

said step of inserting includes the step of inserting the carrier into a cavity with an orientation which enables radiographic reading of the characters from X-ray photographs taken of the side of the tooth.

25. The radiographically marking method of claim 24 in which the selected side is the buccal side of the tooth.

26. The radiographically marking method of claim 24 in which the selected side is the lingual side of the tooth.

27. The radiographically marking method of claim 24 in which the selected tooth is the second decidious molar for a person under age six and is the first permanent molar for others.

28. The radiographically marking method of claim 21 in which

the radiolucent dental sealing material has a selected color which matches that of the tooth surface surrounding the cavity, and

said cavity is filled flush to hide the presence of the information carrier from visual inspection.

29. The radiographically marking method of claim 16 in which said mineralized part of the person is a tooth.

30. The radiographically marking method of claim 16 in which said step of providing said personal information carrier with radiopaque shapes of information carrying characters includes the step of removing material from a plate of radiopaque material to form the characters in profile.

31. The radiographically marking method of claim 30 in which said step of forming the characters includes removing material from the plate to form the characters in positive profile.

32. The radiographically marking method of claim 30 in which said step of forming the characters includes removing material from the plate to form the characters in negative profile.

33. The radiographically marking method of claim 30 in which said material is removed by a selected one of the methods of:

(a) laser beam, (b) electrical discharge machining, (c) vapor phase deposition and (d) chemical milling.

34. The radiographically marking method of claim 16 in which said step of attaching includes the step of adhering the carrier to a side of the tooth.

35. A method of detection of the location of a missing person comprising the steps of:

recording a code uniquely identifying the missing person apart from others of a group of persons before the person is missing;

producing a personal identification carrier which has the code outlined in radiopaque material;

inserting the carrier into a cavity of a tooth of the person identified by the code;

filling the cavity with a radiolucent material to seal and hold the carrier within the cavity at a position from which it can be read from an X-ray radiograph of the tooth, said radiolucent material having a color selected to match that of the tooth to conceal the presence of the personal information carrier; and

informing at least one of the (a) police authorities, (b) hospitals, (c) morgues, (d) coroners and (e) the professional dental community of the code of the person after they are missing and how to report the discovered code to the appropriate parties.

36. The detection method of claim 35 in which said step of informing includes the step of informing of a group of codes of missing persons which codes are arranged in alphanumeric order.

37. A method of installing a radiopaque personal information carrier carrying a readable radiopaque code, comprising the step of:

making a cavity in the side of a selected tooth of a person to be identified for receipt of the personal information carrier;

inserting the personal information carrier in the cavity to enable reading the code carried thereby from a conventional periapical, bitewing X-ray of the tooth; and

protectively sealing the personal information carrier within the cavity with a visually opaque radiolucent composite filler.

38. The personal information carrier installation method of claim 37 including the step of taking an X-ray radiograph of the selected tooth shortly after the personal information carrier has been sealed within the cavity to confirm its radiographic readability.

39. The personal information carrier installation method of claim 37 including the step of replacing any radiopaque reconstruction of the tooth that would interfere with readability if the radiopaque code with radiolucent composite material.

40. The personal information carrier installation method of claim 37 in which said step of replacing includes the step of replacing radiopaque reconstruction material of the tooth with radiolucent posterior composite.

41. The personal information carrier installation method of claim 37 in which said cavity is given a Class V preparation during the step of protectively sealing the carrier in the cavity.

42. The personal information carrier installation method of claim 37 in which said step of making a cavity includes the step of making said cavity in the form of an elongate slot.

43. The personal information carrier installation method of claim 42 in which said slot has approximate dimensions of 5-7 millimeters long by 2 millimeters wide by 1.5-3.0 millimeters deep.

44. The personal information carrier installation method of claim 37 in which

said step of making a cavity includes making the cavity sufficiently deep to penetrate the dentin, and

said step of protectively sealing includes the step of applying radiolucent dentin sealer to the exposed surface of dentin before filling the cavity with radiolucent filler.

45. The personal information carrier installment method of claim 37 in which said step of making a cavity includes making the cavity with the enamel of the tooth.

46. The personal information carrier installation method of claim 37 in which said step of making the cavity includes making the cavity to conform to the shape of the radiopaque personal information carrier.

47. The personal information carrier installation method of claim 37 in which said step of inserting the personal information carrier within the cavity includes the step of inserting it in the cavity with its radiopaque code facing the side of the tooth to be readable from a radiograph taken from the side of the selected tooth.

48. The personal information carrier installation method of claim 37 in which said step of making a cavity in a selected tooth includes the steps of selecting a tooth with minimal decay and minimal prior reconstruction.

49. The personal information carrier installation method of claim 37 in which said step of making a cavity in a selected tooth includes the step of selecting the permanent first molar within which to make the cavity.

50. The personal information carrier installation method of claim 39 in which said step of making a cavity in a selected tooth includes the step of selecting the primary second molar if the permanent first molar has not yet errupted.

51. A method of identifying a missing person comprising the steps of:

permanently attaching a personal carrier within a cavity in a person'"'"'s tooth and visually concealing the carrier with visually opaque radiolucent filler and having a radiopaque code readable from a radiograph thereof before the person is missing;

making a radiograph of the cavity of the person'"'"'s tooth to read the code when the person is found and before the person is identified; and

comparing the radiographically read code with the code of the missing person to identify the person.

52. The identifying method of claim 51 in which said step of permanently attaching includes the step of attaching with a radiolucent composite.

53. The identifying method of claim 51 in which said step of comparing includes the step of comparing to a list of codes of missing persons.

54. The identifying method of claim 53 in which

said radiopaque code is expressed at least partly in letters of the alphabet, and

said list is in alphabetical order according to the codes.

55. The identifying method of claim 53 in which

said radiopaque code is expressed at least partly in numerals, and

said list is in numerical order.

56. The identifying method of claim 51 in which said mineralized part of the person is a tooth.