Electrodies containing a conductive metal oxide
First Claim
1. In an electrode configured for use in a lead-sulfuric acid battery, including a conductive current collector and a layer of an active lead material in contact with said collector, the improvement which comprises an electrically conductive, sulfuric acid-resistant metal oxide of perovskite structure in contact with said layer, wherein said metal oxide consists essentially of a compound selected from the group consisting of BaPbO3, ZnSnO3, CdSnO3, ZnPbO3, CdPbO3, Cd2 PbO4, and CdPb2 O5, and combinations thereof.
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Accused Products
Abstract
An electrode suitable for use as a lead-acid battery plate contains an inorganic metal oxide additive which enhances the formation of the plate. The additive is electrically conductive, stable in aqueous solutions of sulfuric acid, but does not participate in the electrode reaction. Suitable metal oxides include barium metaplumbate and other ceramic perovskite materials having similar properties. The conductive ceramic may also be used in electrodes for bipolar lead-acid batteries and in an electrode, particularly an anode (positive electrode), used in electrolytic processes.
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Citations
57 Claims
- 1. In an electrode configured for use in a lead-sulfuric acid battery, including a conductive current collector and a layer of an active lead material in contact with said collector, the improvement which comprises an electrically conductive, sulfuric acid-resistant metal oxide of perovskite structure in contact with said layer, wherein said metal oxide consists essentially of a compound selected from the group consisting of BaPbO3, ZnSnO3, CdSnO3, ZnPbO3, CdPbO3, Cd2 PbO4, and CdPb2 O5, and combinations thereof.
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8. In an electrode including a conductive current collector and an active lead material in contact with said collector, the improvement wherein said active material contains an electrically conductive, sulfuric acid-resistant metal oxide material which consists essentially of a compound of the formula Aa Bb Oc, wherein A is Sr, Ba, Zn, Cd, or Ra, B is Zr, Sn, or Pb, 0.5≦
- a≦
1, 0.5≦
b≦
1, and 2≦
c≦
3. - View Dependent Claims (9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18)
- a≦
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19. In a lead-acid battery including a casing, positive and negative electrodes disposed in said casing, a separator interposed between said electrodes, and a sulfuric acid electrolyte in contact with said electrodes and separator, the improvement comprising:
one of said electrodes comprises a current collector, a layer of an active lead material in contact with said collector, and an electrically conductive, sulfuric acid-resistant metal oxide of perovskite structure in contact with said layer, wherein said metal oxide consists essentially of a compound of the formula Aa Bb Oc, wherein A is Sr, Ba, Zn, Cd, or Ra, B is Zr, Sn, or Pb, 0.5<
a<
1, 0.5<
b<
1, and 2<
c<
3.- View Dependent Claims (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25)
- 26. A paste mixture, comprising particles of a lead oxide compound, a lead sulfate compound, and a conductive, sulfuric acid-resistant metal oxide of perovskite structure, said particles being dispersed in an amount of water effective to form a paste, wherein said metal oxide consists essentially of a compound selected from the group consisting of BaPbO3, ZnSnO3, CdSnO3, ZnPbO3, CdPbO3, Cd2 PbO4, and CdPb2 O5, and combinations thereof.
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29. In a method for the electrolytic synthesis of a product from a reactant in an aqueous reaction medium, including the step of applying an electrical current to said medium by means of electrodes including an anode and a cathode immersed therein to form said product, the improvement comprising:
at least one of said electrodes contains a conductive, sulfuric-acid resistant metal oxide of perovskite structure which remains unreactive during said electrolytic synthesis, wherein said metal oxide consists essentially of a compound selected from the group consisting of BaPbO3, ZnSnO3, CdSnO3, ZnPbO3, CdPbO3, Cd2 PbO4, and CdPb2 O5, and combinations thereof. - View Dependent Claims (30, 31, 32)
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33. In a bipolar electrode for use in a lead-acid bipolar battery, including a conductive substrate having a pair of layers of positive and negative active material disposed on opposite sides thereof, the improvement wherein said substrate comprises:
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particles of a conductive metal oxide which is substantially stable in aqueous sulfuric acid and consists essentially of a compound having the formula Aa Bb Oc, wherein A is Sr, Ba, Zn, Cd, or Ra, B is Zr, Sn, or Pb, 0.5≦
a≦
1, 0.5≦
b≦
1, and 2≦
c≦
3; anda substantially sulfuric acid-resistant binder in which said conductive particles are dispersed. - View Dependent Claims (34, 35, 36)
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37. In a bipolar battery including a casing, a plurality of bipolar electrodes disposed in said casing each including a conductive substrate having a pair of layers of positive and negative active material disposed on opposite faces thereof, at least one separator interposed between said bipolar electrodes, and an electrolyte in which said electrodes and separator are in contact, the improvement wherein said substrate comprises:
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particles of a conductive, sulfuric acid-resistant metal oxide which is substantially stable in aqueous sulfuric acid and consists essentially of a compound having the formula Aa Bb Oc, wherein A is Sr, Ba, Zn, Cd, or Ra, B is Zr, Sn, or Pb, 0.5≦
a≦
1, 0.5≦
b≦
1, and 2≦
c≦
3; anda sulfuric acid-resistant binder in which said conductive particles are dispersed. - View Dependent Claims (38)
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- 39. A battery component for use in a lead-sulfuric acid battery in contact with a sulfuric acid electrolyte, wherein said component is coated with a thin layer of a conductive, sulfuric acid-resistant metal oxide of perovskite structure, wherein said metal oxide consists essentially of a compound selected from the group consisting of BaPbO3, ZnSnO3, CdSnO3, ZnPbO3, CdPbO3, Cd2 PbO4, and CdPb2 O5, and combinations thereof.
- 47. An electrode for use in the electrolytic synthesis of a product from a reactant in an aqueous sulfuric acid reaction medium, comprising a conductive, sulfuric acid-resistant metal oxide of perovskite structure, wherein said metal oxide consists essentially of a compound selected from the group consisting of BaPbO3, ZnSnO3, CdSnO3, ZnPbO3, CdPbO3, Cd2 PbO4, and CdPb2 O5, and combinations thereof.
- 52. In an apparatus for the electrolytic synthesis of a product from a reactant in an aqueous sulfuric acid reaction medium, including a container for said medium, a pair of electrodes including an anode and a cathode disposable in said medium, and means for applying an electrical current to said medium through said electrodes to form said compound, the improvement wherein one of said electrodes contains a conductive, sulfuric acid-resistant metal oxide of perovskite structure which remains substantially unreactive during said electrolytic synthesis, wherein said metal oxide consists essentially of a compound selected from the group consisting of BaPbO3, ZnSnO3, CdSnO3, ZnPbO3, CdPbO3, Cd2 PbO4, and CdPb2 O5, and combinations thereof.
Specification