Method for edge enhanced error diffusion

• US 5,045,952 A
• Filed: 08/21/1989
• Issued: 09/03/1991
• Est. Priority Date: 08/21/1989
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Xerox Corporation (Xerox Holdings Corp.)
• Original Assignee: Xerox Corporation (Xerox Holdings Corp.)
• Inventors: Eschbach, Reiner
• Primary Examiner(s): Coles, Sr., Edward L.
• Application Number:
  US07/396,272
• Time in Patent Office: 743 Days
• Field of Search: 358/455, 358/447, 358/463, 358/443, 358/456, 358/466
• US Class Current: 358/447
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/4053 with threshold modulated relative to input image data or vice versa

Abstract

A method of dynamically adjusting the threshold level of an error diffusion algorithm to selectively control the amount of edge enhancement introduced into the encoded output. The threshold level is selectively modified on a pixel by pixel basis and may be used to increase or decrease the edge enhancement of the output digital image, thus, more closely representing the original detail and edge sharpness of the continuous tone input image.

Claims

1. In a system for manipulating and displaying digital images represented by a plurality of pixels, each pixel having a given value, the system having a memory for digitally storing the image pixels and a screen for displaying an image as a raster of pixels having a plurality of output states, the method of image encoding including the steps of:

(a) comparing the value of the pixel, read from memory, with a threshold,

(b) generating the output state for the pixel depending upon the relationship of the pixel value relative to the threshold,

(c) displaying the output state of the pixel on the display screen,

(d) calculating a variance value indicative of the deviation of the pixel value from the output state,

(e) storing the variance value,

(f) combining the variance value stored in step e with the next pixel value stored in memory to produce a new pixel value,

(g) repeating steps b through f for each pixel within the digital image memory, thereby producing an encoded display image representative of the stored digital image, and

selectively changing the threshold used in steps a and b by analyzing the value of each pixel read from memory in order to determine if the threshold level should be changed.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the values of the pixels stored in memory are greyscale levels.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the values of the pixels stored in memory are color values.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein the pixel output state is determined by comparison to a plurality of thresholds, thereby enabling the generation of a plurality of output states.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of selectively changing the threshold further comprises the steps of:

determining a threshold modifier valve based upon the pixel valve,

substracting the threshold modifier valve from a nominal threshold valve to determine the threshold.

6. In a system for manipulating and displaying digital greyscale images represented by a plurality of pixels, the system having a memory for digitally storing the greyscale image pixels and a screen for displaying the image as a raster of pixels having either a 0 or a 1 output state, the method of enhancing the edges of the displayed image, including the steps of:

(a) reading a first greyscale image pixel value from memory,

(b) determining the 0 or 1 output state of the pixel depending upon the relationship of the pixel greyscale level to a threshold level,

(c) displaying the output state of the pixel as determined in step b,

(d) comparing the greyscale level of said first pixel with reference to the 0 or 1 output state to determine the variance of the greyscale level from the output state,

(e) reading, in a sequential fashion, the next greyscale image pixel value from memory,

(f) introducing the variance of the first pixel greyscale level from the output state into the deviation of the next pixel greyscale level from the threshold level to determine the 0 or 1 output state of the second greyscale pixel, wherein the improvement comprises the step of analyzing the greyscale level of each pixel in order to determine if the threshold level should be changed, and

(g) repeating steps b through f for all pixels within the memory, thereby producing an edge enhanced representation of the digital greyscale image suitable for display by a binary output device.

7. In a system for displaying digital images represented by a plurality of pixels, each pixel having a given value, the system having a memory for digitally storing the image pixels and a screen for displaying an encoded digital image as a raster of pixels having a plurality of encoded states, the method of image encoding by comparing the values of each pixel in sequence with a threshold to determine the encoded states of said pixels, including the steps of:

retrieving from memory, in seriatim, the values which are representative of the image pixels,

generating the encoded states of the pixels by comparing the representative digital values with one or more thresholds,

displaying the encoded states of the pixels on the screen,

determining the variance of the values of each pixel from the encoded state of said pixels,

storing the variance in a delay buffer,

introducing the previously stored variance of each pixel value into the digital value of each successive pixel value to produce a modified value,

comparing the modified value of each pixel, which includes the variance of the preceding pixel, to the thresholds to determine the encoded state of the pixel, and

selectively changing the thresholds during the image encoding by analyzing the values of pixels within a neighborhood of pixels to determine if the thresholds should be changed.

8. The method of claim 7 wherein the step of introducing the variance includes the step of adding the variance of each pixel from the encoded state to the variance of all previous pixels from the encoded state of said previous pixel.

9. The method of claim 7 wherein the given valves are pixel greyscale levels.

10. The method of claim 7 wherein the given valves are pixel color valves.

11. A technique for manipulating a digital image represented by a plurality of pixels stored in memory, each of the pixels having an associated greyscale level, to provide edge enhancement of the image for display as a raster of said pixels, each pixel of the raster represented by a 0 or 1 encoded state, including the steps of:

reading a first image pixel greyscale level from memory,

comparing the greyscale level of the first pixel with a reference greyscale threshold level,

determining the 0 or 1 encoded state of said first image pixel depending upon the relationship of the pixel greyscale level to the threshold level,

displaying the encoded state of said first image pixel,

calculating the variance of the first pixel greyscale level from the encoded state,

reading a second image pixel greyscale level from memory,

comparing the greyscale level of the second image pixel with the reference greyscale threshold level, and

determining the 0 or 1 encoded state of said second pixel depending upon the relationship of the pixel greyscale level of the second pixel to the threshold level in conjunction with the variance of the first pixel greyscale level from the encoded state,

wherein the improvement comprises the step of selectively adjusting the reference greyscale threshold level for selected pixels in response to the greyscale level of said selected pixels.