Color display using supertwisted nematic liquid crystal material
First Claim
Patent Images
1. A method of producing a color display comprising:
- providing first and second optical assemblies, each assembly including a plurality of independently operable pixels, each of said pixels exhibiting a birefringent effect that varies in response to a signal applied thereto;
stacking said assemblies with a pixel in the first assembly linearly aligned with a corresponding pixel in the second assembly;
interposing a first polarizer between the assemblies and sandwiching the stack between a second and a third polarizer wherein said second and third polarizers are colored complementary colors; and
applying a first dynamic signal to the pixels in the first assembly and applying a second dynamic signal to the pixels in the second assembly so as to selectively change the birefringent effect.
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Abstract
A color display is formed by stacking two or more birefringent elements that are tuned to provide different spectral characteristics, and operating each of the elements independently.
154 Citations
64 Claims
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1. A method of producing a color display comprising:
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providing first and second optical assemblies, each assembly including a plurality of independently operable pixels, each of said pixels exhibiting a birefringent effect that varies in response to a signal applied thereto; stacking said assemblies with a pixel in the first assembly linearly aligned with a corresponding pixel in the second assembly; interposing a first polarizer between the assemblies and sandwiching the stack between a second and a third polarizer wherein said second and third polarizers are colored complementary colors; and applying a first dynamic signal to the pixels in the first assembly and applying a second dynamic signal to the pixels in the second assembly so as to selectively change the birefringent effect. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5)
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6. A display subassembly comprising:
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first, second and third supertwisted nematic birefringent liquid crystal display panels; first, second, third and fourth polarizers; the first panel being positioned between the first and second polarizers, the second panel being positioned between the second and third polarizers and the third panel being positioned between the third and fourth polarizers; the birefringence of the first, second and third panels, together with the polarizers adjacent thereto, cooperating to pass light of first, second and third colors, respectively, when the panels are in first states, and to pass substantially all colors of light when the panels are in second states; each of said panels having a plurality of independently electronically operable pixels, said panels being stacked so that corresponding pixels in each of said panels are aligned; and at least said first or said fourth polarizers is a color other than black so as to increase display brightness. - View Dependent Claims (7, 8, 9)
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10. A color display that can be operated to yield at least the colors black, white, red, green, blue, cyan, yellow and magenta comprising:
- an entrance and exit polarizer, each polarizer dyed a color other than black and at least a first and second birefringent subassembly disposed between said polarizers in a stacked relationship, each of said subassemblies defining a plurality of pixels, each of said pixels being independently operable to birefringently control passage of a portion of a spectrum of light passing therethrough, and wherein at least two of said subassemblies each includes a supertwisted nematic panel.
- View Dependent Claims (11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27)
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25. A color display method comprising the steps:
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providing first and second display subassemblies, each of said assemblies including a supertwisted nematic birefringent panel, each of said panels defining a plurality of independently operable pixels, at least one of said display subassemblies additionally including a passive compensation layer to tune the color response thereof; stacking said subassemblies with a first polarizer therebetween, said first polarizer being dyed a color other than a color intended to be blocked by said first subassembly; sandwiching the stacked subassemblies between second and third polarizers; operating pixels in each of the panels independently to birefringently control passage of a portion of a spectrum of light passing therethrough in cooperation with said first, second and third polarizers, wherein at least the eight colors black, white, red, green, blue, cyan, yellow and magenta may thereby be displayed; and controllably grey scaling at least one of the supertwisted nematic panels to yield colors in addition to the aforesaid eight colors.
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28. An accessory for use with a conventional overhead projector to project electronically generated color images therefrom, the projector having a bulb, a projection lens, and a projection surface having a Fresnel lens thereunder, the Fresnel lens focusing light from the bulb into the projection lens, the accessory being adapted to rest on the projection surface and comprising:
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first lens means for receiving converging white light from the projection surface of the projector and collimating said light; second lens means for receiving collimated light and focusing said light into the projection lens; a display subassembly positioned between the first and second lens means and illuminated by the collimated light, said subassembly including first, second, third and fourth polarizers and further including first, second and third transmissive liquid crystal birefringent display panels, the birefringence of said panels being tuned, respectively, to first, second and third subtractive complementary colors, each of said panels having a plurality of electronically operable pixels, said panels being stacked so that corresponding pixels in each of said panels are aligned with the direction of the collimated light, the first panel being positioned between the first and second polarizers, the second panel being positioned between the second and third polarizers and the third panel being positioned between the third and fourth polarizers. - View Dependent Claims (29, 30, 31, 32, 33)
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34. A method of projecting a colored image, comprising the steps:
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providing first, second and third birefringent liquid crystal panels that include a plurality of independently selectable pixels, said panels being tuned to selectively pass first, second and third subtractive color primaries, respectively, when a signal is applied to each panel; stacking said first, second and third panels so that corresponding pixels in each of said panels are aligned along an axis orthogonal thereto, said stacked panels forming a subassembly; providing a first polarizer between the first and second panels; providing a second polarizer between the second and third panels; and sandwiching said subassembly and said first and second polarizers between a third polarizer, colored the first subtractive primary color, and a fourth polarizer, colored the third subtractive primary color; passing light through the subassembly in a direction parallel to the axis of alignment and selectively controlling spectral portions of said light when a signal is applied to pixels on at least one of said panels; focusing the light exiting the subassembly parallel to the axis of alignment into a projection lens; and projecting the light exiting the projection lens onto a display screen. - View Dependent Claims (35)
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36. A color display comprising:
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first and second optics; first, second and third display subassemblies disposed between said optics; each of said display subassemblies including a liquid crystal panel defining a plurality of independently operable pixels wherein at least two of said three liquid crystal panels control color through use of a birefringence effect and wherein at least two of said display subassemblies have different values of Δ
nd;first, second, third and fourth polarizers, at least one of said four polarizers dyed a color other than black; said first display subassembly disposed between the first and second polarizers; said second display subassembly disposed between the second and third polarizers; and said third display subassembly disposed between the third and fourth polarizers. - View Dependent Claims (37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44)
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45. A method of producing a color display comprising the steps:
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collimating illuminating light; linearly polarizing said collimated light with a first polarizer; passing said collimated polarized light through a first display subassembly that includes a liquid crystal panel with a plurality of independently operable pixels; said passing step including elliptically polarizing the linearly polarized light so that different wavelengths of light are rotated to different angular orientations; analyzing light exiting the first display subassembly with a second polarizer to attenuate therefrom wavelengths of light cross polarized relative to the second polarizer, said analyzing step thereby yielding linearly re-polarized light from which certain wavelengths have been attenuated; passing said linearly re-polarized light through a second display subassembly that includes a liquid crystal panel with a plurality of independently operable pixels; said second passing step including elliptically polarizing the linearly re-polarized light so that different wavelengths of light are rotated to different angular orientations; analyzing light exiting the second display subassembly with a third polarizer to attenuate therefrom wavelengths of light cross polarized relative to the third polarizer, this analyzing step thereby yielding linearly polarized light from which additional wavelengths have been attenuated; and converging the linearly polarized light from the third polarizer; wherein; the elliptical polarization effected during the first passing step differs from elliptical polarization effected during the second passing step due to different values of Δ
nd exhibited by the first and second display subassemblies; andat least one of said first, second or third polarizers is dyed a color other than black; and the method further includes; applying a first dynamic signal to a pixel in the first liquid crystal panel; and applying a second dynamic signal different from the first dynamic signal to a pixel in the second liquid crystal panel. - View Dependent Claims (46, 47, 48)
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49. A color display comprising, in combination:
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first and second display subassemblies each having a net Δ
nd value greater than 0.5 μ
m, each including a liquid crystal panel defining a plurality of independently operable pixels, which exhibit a birefringent effect that varies in response to a signal applied thereto, said first subassembly having a net Δ
nd value at least 0.05 μ
m greater than the net Δ
nd value of the second subassembly;a first polarizer interposed between the two display subassemblies; and a second and a third polarizer sandwiched about the two display subassemblies wherein at least one of the first, second or third polarizers is colored a color other than black. - View Dependent Claims (50, 51, 52)
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53. A subtractive color display method that includes the steps:
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providing a birefringent display subassembly that includes a nematic liquid crystal cell and that defines a plurality of independently operable pixels, wherein a birefringent effect exhibited by one of said pixels varies in response to an electrical signal applied thereto; operating the display subassembly in conjunction with entrance and exit polarizers; linearly polarizing light entering the pixel by passing it through the entrance polarizer; elliptically polarizing said linearly polarized light as it passes through the pixel, whereby different wavelengths of light are oriented at different angular orientations when they exit the pixel, the elliptical polarization when a first electrical signal is applied to said pixel differing from the elliptical polarization when a second electrical signal is applied to said pixel; analyzing the elliptically polarized light exiting the pixel so that light oriented orthogonally to an axis of the exit polarizer is attenuated by the exit polarizer; wherein; when the first electrical signal is applied to the pixel, the birefringence of the pixel orients a first wavelength of light orthogonally to the axis of the exit polarizer, thereby causing its attenuation by the exit polarizer; and when the second electrical signal is applied to the pixel, the different birefringence of the pixel orients the first wavelength of light so that it is no longer oriented orthogonally to the axis of the exit polarizer, thereby permitting it to pass through the exit polarizer relatively less attenuated; wherein the exit polarizer is dyed to pass wavelengths of light, other than the first wavelength, relatively unattenuated regardless of their orientation, thereby improving the transmission of said wavelengths of light and optimizing the resulting display brightness of the subtractive color display.
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54. A subtractive color display method that includes the steps:
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providing a birefringent display subassembly that includes a nematic liquid crystal cell and that defines a plurality of independently operable pixels, wherein a birefringent effect exhibited by one of said pixels varies in response to an electrical signal applied thereto; operating the display subassembly in conjunction with entrance and exit polarizers; linearly polarizing light of a first wavelength entering the pixel by passing it through the entrance polarizer; elliptically polarizing light as it passes through the pixel, whereby different wavelengths of light are oriented at different angular orientations when they exit the pixel, the elliptical polarization when a first electrical signal is applied to said pixel differing from the elliptical polarization when a second electrical signal is applied to said pixel; analyzing the elliptically polarized light exiting the pixel so that light oriented orthogonally to an axis of the exit polarizer is attenuated by the exit polarizer; wherein; when the first electrical signal is applied to the pixel, the birefringence of the pixel orients the first wavelength of light orthogonally to the axis of the exit polarizer, thereby causing its attenuation by the exit polarizer; and when the second electrical signal is applied to the pixel, the different birefringence of the pixel orients the first wavelength of light so that it is no longer oriented orthogonally to the axis of the exit polarizer, thereby permitting it to pass through the exit polarizer relatively less attenuated; wherein the entrance polarizer is dyed to pass wavelengths of light, other than the first wavelength, relatively unattenuated regardless of their orientation, thereby improving the transmission of said wavelengths of light and optimizing the resulting display brightness of the subtractive color display.
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55. In a color display system comprising:
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a first, second and third polarizer; first and second cells comprising supertwisted nematic type liquid crystal material, said cells exhibiting a birefringent effect and having different values of Δ
nd, said cells having a plurality of independently operable pixels and disposed in a stacked arrangement with said polarizers;said first polarizer interposed between said first and second cells and said second and third polarizers disposed outside the stacked arrangement adjacent to said first and second cells, respectively, whereby said first cell in cooperation with said first and second polarizers provides spectral response different from said second cell in cooperation with said first and third polarizers. - View Dependent Claims (56, 57)
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58. A color display system comprising:
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a first and second portion in stacked arrangement;
each portion including an optical element defining a plurality of independently operable pixels and exhibiting a birefringent effect that varies in response to an applied signal;a first polarizer interposed between said first and second portion; a second and third polarizer sandwiched about said stacked portions, said second and third polarizers colored a color other than black so that the leakage characteristics of said second and third polarizers do not overlap; the first portion, in combination with said first and second polarizers, exhibits a first spectral response when driven with a first signal; and the second portion, in combination with said first and third polarizers, exhibits a second spectral response when driven with the first signal. - View Dependent Claims (59, 60, 61)
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62. A color display comprising:
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first and second stacked birefringent display subassemblies, each having a supertwisted nematic liquid crystal panel defining a plurality of independently operable pixels, said first and second display subassemblies stacked so that corresponding pixels in each of said subassemblies are linearly aligned, at least one of said display subassemblies having a value of Δ
nd greater than 1.05 micrometers;a first polarizer disposed between said first and second subassemblies; second and third polarizers sandwiched about said first and second subassemblies, said second and third polarizers colored different primary colors selected from the list;
red, green and blue whereby each pair of corresponding pixels in the first and second display subassemblies can be cooperatively operated to produce all the colors comprising red, green, blue, yellow, magenta, cyan, black and white. - View Dependent Claims (63, 64)
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Specification