Optical combiner collimating apparatus

• US 5,050,966 A
• Filed: 07/06/1988
• Issued: 09/24/1991
• Est. Priority Date: 07/06/1988
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Kaiser Aerospace and Electronics Corporation Oakland CA
• Original Assignee: Kaiser Aerospace & Electronics Corporation (Rtx Corporation)
• Inventors: Berman, Arthur L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Miller, Stanley D.
• Assistant Examiner(s): MAI, HUY KIM
• Application Number:
  US07/215,668
• Time in Patent Office: 1,175 Days
• Field of Search: 350/335, 350/337, 350/338, 350/339 F, 350/352, 350/171, 350/172, 350/174, 350/379, 350/388, 350/401, 350/403, 350/352, 350/334
• US Class Current: 349/194
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 2027/0118 comprising devices for improving the contrast of the display / brillance control visibility
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 27/0101 characterised by optical features G02B27/0172 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 27/017 Head mounted
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 27/0172 characterised by optical features
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 5/30 Polarising elements light-modulating devices with active elements G02F1/00
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 5/3016 involving passive liquid crystal elements optical properties of liquid crystals G02F1/0063; polarising elements associated with active liquid crystal devices G02F1/133528
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/13473 for wavelength filtering or for colour display without the use of colour mosaic filters
• CPC Class Codes: G09B 9/326 the image being transformed by optical means

Abstract

An improved optical display system, such as a head-up display system. A highly transmissive light-weight and shatterproof optical combiner is provided. The combiner includes at least one cholesteric liquid crystal element for transmitting a first image in a line of sight and for reflecting a second image into the line of sight. Multiple cholesteric elements are used in a multicolor shutter, a multicolor combiner, and a multicolor collimator to display a multicolor image.

Claims

1. An optical combiner for combining a first image incident on said combiner in a first direction with a second image incident on said combiner in a second direction, said combiner comprising:

at least one cholesteric liquid crystal element for transmitting said first image in said first direction and for concurrently reflecting said second image in said first direction.

2. The invention of claim 1, said at least one cholesteric element comprising a plurality of cholesteric liquid crystal elements each having a maximum reflectivity at a different color.

3. The invention of claim 2 and wherein said plurality of cholesteric elements are deposited in layers one on another to form a single element.

4. A display system comprising:

An optical combiner for combining a first image incident on said combiner in a first direction with a second image incident on said combiner in a second direction, said combiner comprising at least one cholesteric liquid crystal element for transmitting said first image in said first direction and for reflecting said second image in said first direction.

5. The invention of claim 4 further comprising:

an image source for generating said second image, said second image including a plurality of colors; and

an optical color shutter disposed between said source and said combiner for switching the color of said second image.

6. The invention of claim 5 and wherein said shutter comprises:

a plurality of cholesteric liquid crystal elements disposed in series, each cholesteric element having a maximum reflectivity at a different color; and

an optical switching element disposed after said cholesteric elements for switching the color of said second image.

7. The invention of claim 4 and wherein said first direction is a line of sight to an observer, said invention further comprising an optical collimating apparatus disposed between said combiner and said observer for focusing said images at or closer than an infinite distance from said observer in said line of sight.

8. An optical collimating apparatus for focusing an image at or closer than an infinite distance from an observer in a line of sight from said observer comprising:

at least one cholesteric liquid crystal element disposed in said line of sight for polarizing said image;

a semireflective concave mirror disposed in said line of sight after said at least one element for transmitting said image; and

a second cholesteric liquid crystal element disposed in said line of sight after said concave mirror for transmitting a first portion of said image to said observer and for reflecting a second portion of said image back to said mirror, said mirror reflecting said second portion back to said second cholesteric element, said second cholesteric element transmitting said second portion to said observer.

9. The invention of claim 8 and wherein said cholesteric elements substantially all have the same circular polarization.

10. The invention of claim 8 and wherein

cholesteric element comprises a plurality of cholesteric elements each having a maximum reflectivity at a different color.

11. An improved optical collimating system for focusing an image at or closer than an infinite distance from an observer in a line of sight from said observer comprising:

an image source for generating a first image

a transmitter/combiner, said transmitter/combiner comprising a first cholesteric liquid crystal element for transmitting a second image in said line of sight and for reflecting said first image in said line of sight;

a semireflective concave mirror disposed in said line of sight for transmitting said images; and

a second cholesteric liquid crystal element disposed in said line of sight after said concave mirror of said first image to said observer and for reflecting a second portion of said first image back to said mirror, said mirror receiving said second portion and reflecting said first portion back to said second cholesteric element, said second cholesteric element transmitting said first portion to said observer.

12. The invention of claim 11, wherein said first cholesteric liquid crystal element comprises a plurality of cholesteric liquid crystal elements each having a maximum reflectivity at a different color.

13. The invention of claim 11 wherein said first cholesteric liquid crystal element circularly polarizes said first image as it is concurrently reflected with said transmission of said second image.

14. The invention of claim 11 and wherein said cholesteric elements are disposed on opposing sides of said semireflective mirror.

15. The invention of claim 11 and wherein said second cholesteric element comprises a plurality of cholesteric liquid crystal elements each having a maximum reflectivity at a different color.

16. A method of combining optical images comprising the steps of:

disposing at least one cholesteric element in a line of sight to an observer;

transmitting a first image to and through said at least one cholesteric element in said line of sight;

transmitting a second image to said at least one cholesteric element in a second direction; and

reflecting said second image into said line of sight with at least one cholesteric element concurrently with said transmission of said first image through said one cholesteric element.

17. An improved optical combiner collimating apparatus for directing a first and a second image from a first optical path into a line of sight of a receiver, comprising:

an image forming device for providing the first image having a first wavelength and the second image having a second wavelength;

a first collimating optical element disposed along the first optical path for collimating said first and second images;

a first cholesteric optical element disposed at a junction of said first optical path and the line of sight, said first cholesteric optical element having a primary wavelength substantially at said first wavelength and disposed to reflect a first portion of said first image having a first particular circular polarization along said line of sight and to transmit a second portion of said first image having a first orthogonal polarization out of said line of sight;

a second cholesteric optical element disposed at a junction of said first optical path and the line of sight, said second cholesteric optical element having a primary wavelength substantially at said second wavelength and disposed to reflect a first portion of said second image having a second particular circular polarization along said line of sight and to transmit a second portion of said second image having a second orthogonal polarization out of said line of sight;

a third cholesteric optical element disposed along said line of sight and having a primary wavelength substantially at said first wavelength and disposed to reflect a first time said first portion of said first image of said first particular circular polarization from said first cholesteric optical element toward said first optical element and to transmit said first orthogonal polarization along said line of sight to the receiver;

a fourth cholesteric optical element disposed along said line of sight and having a primary wavelength substantially at said second wavelength and disposed to reflect a first time said portion of said second image of said second particular circular polarization from said second cholesteric optical element toward said second optical element and to transmit said first orthogonal polarization along said line of sight to said receiver; and

a semireflective concave mirror, disposed between said first and third and between said second and fourth cholesteric optical elements along said line of sight, for reflecting a second time some of said reflected first portions of said first and second images to said third and fourth cholesteric optical elements, said twice reflected first and second images have said first and second particular polarization changed respectively to said first and second orthogonal polarization wherein said third and fourth cholesteric optical elements will transmit said twice reflected first portions of said images along said line of sight to said receiver.