Spacer for an electrochemical apparatus
First Claim
1. A spacer for an electrochemical apparatus comprising an ion-permeable sheet magnet spacer comprising a perforated or ion-permeable, relatively thin, synthetic plastic material sheet having two opposed faces and having a plurality of magnets completely embedded in both opposed faces thereof and including at least four vertically-upwardly slanting slits extending at an upwardly-sloping angle along each of said two opposed faces and also extending transversely through said spacer between said two opposed faces, thereby to provide greater combined flow and mixing of electrolyte through the spacer.
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Abstract
An ion-permeable spacer is provided for an electrochemical apparatus. The spacer comprises a perforated or ion-permeable, relatively-thin, synthetic plastic material sheet having two opposed faces and having a plurality of magnets completely embedded in both opposed faces thereof and including at least four vertically-upwardly slanting slits extending at an upwardly-sloping angle along each of the two opposed faces and also extending transversely through the spacer between the two opposed faces, the slits having a particularly defined width and disposed at a particular angle, thereby to provide greater combined flow and mixing of electrolyte through the spacer.
14 Citations
43 Claims
- 1. A spacer for an electrochemical apparatus comprising an ion-permeable sheet magnet spacer comprising a perforated or ion-permeable, relatively thin, synthetic plastic material sheet having two opposed faces and having a plurality of magnets completely embedded in both opposed faces thereof and including at least four vertically-upwardly slanting slits extending at an upwardly-sloping angle along each of said two opposed faces and also extending transversely through said spacer between said two opposed faces, thereby to provide greater combined flow and mixing of electrolyte through the spacer.
- 11. In a lead-acid storage battery having a plurality of groups, each comprising a positive and a negative plate with an interposed separator, the improvement whereby each said interposed separator comprises an ion-permeable sheet magnet spacer, said spacer comprising a perforated or ion-permeable, relatively thin, synthetic plastic material sheet having two opposed faces and having a plurality of magnets completely embedded in both opposed faces thereof and including at least four vertically-upwardly slanting slits, extending at an upwardly-sloping angle along each of said two opposed faces and also extending transversely through said spacer between said two opposed faces thereby to provide greater combined flow and mixing of electrolyte through the spacer.
- 20. In an electrolytic cell wherein an electrolyte is electrolyzed between positive and negative cells, wherein the improvement comprises a diaphragm for use therein, said diaphragm comprising a perforated or ion-permeable sheet magnet spacer comprising a perforated or ion-permeable, relatively-thin, synthetic plastic material sheet having two opposed faces and having a plurality of magnets completely embedded in both opposed faces thereof and including at least four vertically-upwardly slanting slits extending at an upwardly-sloping angle along each of said two opposed faces and also extending transversely through said spacer between said two opposed faces, thereby to provide greater combined flow and mixing of electrolyte through the spacer.
- 29. In apparatus for removing material from electrically-conducting substances by electrochemical attack which includes an anode and a cathode, the anode constituting the piece to be electromachined or electrorefined, wherein the improvement comprises a spacer alongside said anode and cathode, said spacer comprising an ion-permeable sheet magnet spacer comprising a perforated or ion-permeable, relatively thin, synthetic plastic material sheet having a plurality of magnets embedded in both opposed faces thereof and including at least four vertically-upwardly slanting slits, thereby to provide greater combined flow and mixing of electrolyte through the spacer.
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38. A method for electrochemically etching fine units in a circuit board or in an electronic chip which comprises:
- suitably placing a spacer comprising a perforated or ion-permeable sheet magnet spacer in an electrochemical apparatus, the spacer comprising a perforated or ion-permeable, relatively thin, synthetic plastic material sheet having a plurality of magnets embedded in both opposed faces thereof and including at least four vertically-upwardly slanting slits extending at an upwardly-sloping angle along each of said two opposed faces and also extending transversely through said spacer between said two opposed faces; and
causing the electrolyte to mix and flow through said spacer in such electrochemical etching apparatus by the action of the magnetic field derived from said embedded magnets. - View Dependent Claims (39, 40, 41, 42, 43)
- suitably placing a spacer comprising a perforated or ion-permeable sheet magnet spacer in an electrochemical apparatus, the spacer comprising a perforated or ion-permeable, relatively thin, synthetic plastic material sheet having a plurality of magnets embedded in both opposed faces thereof and including at least four vertically-upwardly slanting slits extending at an upwardly-sloping angle along each of said two opposed faces and also extending transversely through said spacer between said two opposed faces; and
Specification