Holter function data encoder for implantable device

• US 5,052,399 A
• Filed: 09/20/1990
• Issued: 10/01/1991
• Est. Priority Date: 09/20/1990
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Cardiac Pacemakers Incorporated (Boston Scientific Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Cardiac Pacemakers Incorporated (Boston Scientific Corporation)
• Inventors: Olive, Arthur L., Lincoln, William C.
• Primary Examiner(s): Kamm, William E.
• Application Number:
  US07/585,509
• Time in Patent Office: 376 Days
• Field of Search: 128/696, 128/702, 128/703, 128/706, 364/413.05, 364/413.06
• US Class Current: 600/516
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0245 by using sensing means generating electric signals, i.e. ECG signals
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/076 Permanent implantations telemetry using implanted circuitry A61B5/0031; implanted stimulators for therapy A61N1/3605, A61N1/362, A61N1/372
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/335 using integrated circuit memory devices

Abstract

A encoding/decoding algorithm for storing cardiac cycle length data in a memory of a body implantable device. The data encoding is based on a Holter function for sequentially storing in addresses in memory data representative of cardiac cycle length intervals and data representative of changes in the cardiac cycle length intervals. The sequence of storing is dictated by the value of the time interval change data. If the value of the time interval change data is greater than the storage capacity of a single memory location, then the time interval data is stored in memory at two consecutive memory locations. On the other hand, if the magnitude of the timer interval data is within the storage capacity of a single memory cell, it is stored in memory at a single memory cell. When decoding the stored data, retrieval proceeds through the memory according to the value of the data stored so that the time interval data is reconstructed from the originally stored time interval data or change in time interval data.

Claims

1. A method for encoding/decoding cardiac data for storage in a memory of a body implantable device, the method comprising the steps of:

providing a memory having addresses and storage cells each having a corresponding address;

detecting the cardiac electrical activity of the heart;

determining the time interval of successive cardiac cycles from the detected electrical activity of the heart;

encoding said cardiac data comprising the steps of;

computing the time difference between the time intervals of successive cardiac cycles;

determining if the time difference between the time intervals of successive cardiac cycles falls within a predetermined range;

storing the value of the time difference in a particular storage cell of said memory at a corresponding particular address if said time difference falls within said predetermined range and setting the value of the stored time difference to be negative; and

storing the time interval in two consecutive storage cells in said memory if said time difference does not fall within said predetermined range;

decoding the stored cardiac data comprising the steps of;

retrieving data in a storage cell at an initial address in said memory;

determining if the value of the data at said initial address is greater than zero;

retrieving said time interval at consecutive storage cells in said memory if said value of the data at said initial address is greater than zero; and

retrieving said time difference if said value of data at said initial address is not greater than zero and computing said time interval by adding a previously retrieved time interval to the time difference.

2. The method of claim 1, and further comprising the steps of:

generating a 16 bit binary representation of said time interval;

providing each storage cell in said memory with 8 bits of storage space;

and wherein said step of storing said time interval comprises the steps of;

isolating the upper eight bits of said 16 bit binary representation and storing said upper eight bits in a first storage cell in said memory;

isolating the lower eight bits of said 16 bit binary representation and storing said lower eight bits in a second storage cell having a memory address one greater than that of said first storage cell.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein said step of isolating the upper eight bits comprises the step of dividing said 16 bit binary representation by the binary equivalent of the decimal number 256, and wherein said step of isolating the lower eight bits of said 16 bit representation comprises the step of performing a logical AND operation with a mask byte comprises eight bits set high, and wherein said step of retrieving said time interval comprises the steps of:

deriving said upper eight bits of said 16 bit representation by multiplying the data at said initial address by the binary equivalent of the decimal number 256; and

retrieving from the storage cell at the memory address one greater than that of the initial address the lower eight bits of said 16 bit representation and adding said upper eight bits to said lower eight bits.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein said predetermined range is less than or equal to the decimal number 63 and greater than or equal to the decimal number -63, said predetermined range corresponding to the storage capacity of a single cell of memory.

5. A system for encoding/decoding cardiac data for storage in a memory implantable within the body comprising:

cardiac detecting means for detecting the cardiac electrical activity of the heart;

means for determining the time interval of successive cardiac cycles from the detected electrical activity of the heart;

memory means for storing said cardiac data comprising a plurality of storage cells each associated with a corresponding memory address;

encoding means for encoding said cardiac data comprising an encoding arithmetic logic unit and a encoding memory address register, said encoding arithmetic logic unit computing the time difference between time intervals of successive cardiac cycles and determining if the time difference between the time intervals of successive cardiac cycles falls within a predetermined range, said encoding means storing the value of the time difference in a particular storage cell of said memory corresponding to the value of said encoding memory address register if said time difference falls within said predetermined range and setting the value of the stored time difference to be negative, or storing the time interval in two consecutive storage cells in said memory if said time difference does not fall within said predetermined range; and

decoding means for decoding the stored cardiac data comprising an decoding arithmetic logic unit and a decoding memory address register, said decoding means retrieving data in a storage cell at an initial address in said memory corresponding to an initial value of said memory address register, said decoding arithmetic logic unit determining if the value of the data at said initial address is greater than zero, said decoding means retrieving said time interval if said value of the data at said initial address is greater than zero at consecutive storage cells in said memory, or said decoding means retrieving said time difference if said value of data at said initial address is not greater than zero and said decoding arithmetic logic unit computing said time interval by adding a previously retrieved time interval to the time difference.

6. A method for encoding/decoding cardiac data for storage in a memory implantable within the body comprising the steps of:

providing a memory having addresses and storage cells each having a corresponding address;

detecting the cardiac electrical activity of the heart;

continuously determining the time interval of successive cardiac cycles from the detected electrical activity of the heart;

encoding said cardiac data comprising the steps of;

(a) setting a encoding memory address register to an initial value corresponding to an initial storage cell in said memory;

(b) computing the time difference between the time intervals of successive cardiac cycles;

(c) determining if the time difference between a time interval of a most current cardiac cycle and a time interval of a previous cardiac cycle falls within a predetermined range;

(d) storing the value of the time difference in said memory at an address corresponding to the value of said memory if said time difference falls within said predetermined range, setting the value of the stored time difference to be negative, and incrementing the encoding memory address register by one;

(e) storing the time interval of a most current cardiac cycle in said memory at consecutive addresses including an address corresponding to the value of said encoding memory address register and at an address corresponding to one greater than the value of said memory address register if said time difference does not fall within said predetermined range and incrementing the memory address register by two;

(f) temporarily storing the time interval of the most current cardiac cycle as the time interval of the previous cardiac cycle; and

(g) repeating encoding steps (b)-(f) until it is desired to terminate storage;

decoding the stored cardiac data comprising the steps of;

(h) setting a decoding memory address register to an initial value data corresponding to said initial address of said memory;

(i) fetching data from a storage cell of said memory according to the value of said decoding memory address register;

(j) determining if the value of the data fetched from said memory is greater than zero;

(k) retrieving the time interval of the most current cardiac cycle at consecutive storage cells in said memory if said value of the data at said initial address is greater than zero and incrementing said decoding memory address register by two; and

(l) retrieving said time difference if said value of data at said initial address is not greater than zero, computing said time interval of the most current cardiac cycle by adding the time interval of the previous cardiac cycle to the time difference, and incrementing said decoding memory address register by 1; and

(m) repeating steps (i)-(l) until all data is retrieved from said memory.

7. The method of claim 6, and further comprising the steps of:

continuously generating a 16 bit binary representation of said time interval;

providing each storage cell in said memory with 8 bits of storage space;

and wherein said step (e) of storing said time interval further comprises the steps of;

isolating the upper eight bits of said 16 bit binary representation and storing said upper eight bits in a storage cell at an address corresponding to the value of said encoding memory address register;

isolating the lower eight bits of said 16 bit binary representation and storing said lower eight bits in a storage cell at a memory address one greater than that of said lower eight bits.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein said step of isolating the upper eight bits comprises the step of dividing said 16 bit binary representation by the binary equivalent of the decimal number 256, and wherein said step of isolating the lower eight bits of said 16 bit representation comprises the step of performing a logical AND operation with a mask byte comprises eight bits set high, and wherein said step (k) of retrieving said time interval comprises the steps of:

deriving said upper eight bits of said 16 bit representation by multiplying the data in the storage cell corresponding to the value of said decoding memory address register by the binary equivalent of the decimal number 256; and

fetching from the storage cell at the memory address one greater than that of decoding memory address register the lower eight bits of said 16 bit representation and adding said upper eight tits to said lower eight bits.

9. The method of claim 6, wherein said predetermined range is less than or equal to the decimal number 63 and greater than or equal to the decimal number -63.

10. A method for encoding cardiac data for storage in a memory in an implantable device, the method comprising the steps of:

providing a memory having addresses and storage cells each having a corresponding address;

sensing the electrical activity of the heart;

determining the time intervals of successive cardiac cycles;

determining the change in the time intervals between successive cardiac cycles;

determining if the time difference between the time intervals of successive cardiac cycles falls within a predetermined range;

storing the value of the time difference in a particular storage cell of said memory at a corresponding particular address if said time difference falls within said predetermined range and setting the value of the stored time difference to be negative; and

storing the time interval in two consecutive storage cells in said memory if said time difference does not fall within said predetermined range.

11. The method of claim 10, and further comprising the steps of:

generating a 16 bit binary representation of said time interval;

providing each storage cell in said memory with 8 bits of storage space;

and wherein said step of storing said time interval comprises the steps of;

isolating the upper eight bits of said 16 bit binary representation and storing said upper eight bits in a first storage cell in said memory;

isolating the lower eight bits of said 16 bit binary representation and storing said lower eight bits in a second storage cell having a memory address one greater than that of said first storage cell.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein said step of isolating the upper eight bits comprises the step of dividing said 16 bit binary representation by the binary equivalent of the decimal number 256, and wherein said step of isolating the lower eight bits of said 16 bit representation comprises the step of performing a logical AND operation with a mask byte comprises eight bits set high.

13. A method for encoding cardiac data for storage in a memory in an implantable device, the method comprising the steps of:

(a) providing a memory having addresses and storage cells each having a corresponding address;

(b) detecting the cardiac electrical activity of the heart;

(c) continuously determining the time interval of successive cardiac cycles from the detected electrical activity of the heart;

(d) continuously computing the time difference between the time intervals of successive cardiac cycles;

(e) setting a encoding memory address register to an initial value corresponding to an initial storage cell in said memory;

(f) determining if the time difference between a time interval of a most current cardiac cycle and a time interval of a previous cardiac cycle falls within a predetermined range;

(g) storing the value of the time difference in said memory at an address corresponding to the value of said memory if said time difference falls within said predetermined range, setting the value of the stored time difference to be negative, and incrementing the encoding memory address register by one;

(h) storing the time interval of a most current cardiac cycle in said memory at consecutive addresses including an address corresponding to the value of said encoding memory address register and at an address corresponding to one greater than the value of said memory address register if said time difference does not fall within said predetermined range and incrementing the memory address register by two;

(i) temporarily storing the time interval of the most current cardiac cycle as the time interval of the previous cardiac cycle; and

(j) repeating encoding steps (f)-(i) until it is desired to terminate storage;

14. The method of claim 13, and further comprising the steps of:

continuously generating a 16 bit binary representation of said time interval;

providing each storage cell in said memory with 8 bits of storage space;

and wherein said step (h) of storing said time interval further comprises the steps of;

isolating the upper eight bits of said 16 bit binary representation and storing said upper eight bits in a storage cell at an address corresponding to the value of said encoding memory address register;

isolating the lower eight bits of said 16 bit binary representation and storing said lower eight bits in a storage cell at a memory address one greater than that of said lower eight bits.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein said step of isolating the upper eight bits comprises the step of dividing said 16 bit binary representation by the binary equivalent of the decimal number 256, and wherein said step of isolating the lower eight bits of said 16 bit representation comprises the step of performing a logical AND operation with a mask byte comprises eight bits set high.

16. In a method for detecting and storing cardiac data in a memory of a body implantable device comprising detecting the electrical activity of the heart, determining the time interval of the cardiac cycle of the heart, the improvement comprising a method for encoding said cardiac data for storage in said memory comprising the steps of:

determining the change in the time intervals between successive cardiac cycles;

determining if the time difference between the time intervals of successive cardiac cycles falls within a predetermined range;

storing the value of the time difference in a particular storage cell of said memory at a corresponding particular address if said time difference falls within said predetermined range and setting the value of the stored time difference to be negative; and

storing the time interval in two consecutive storage cells in said memory if said time difference does not fall within said predetermined range.

17. In a method for detecting and storing cardiac data in a memory of a body implantable device comprising detecting the electrical activity of the heart, determining the time interval of the cardiac cycle of the heart, the improvement comprising a method for encoding said cardiac data for storage in said memory comprising the steps of:

computing the change in the time intervals of successive cardiac cycles; and

storing the time interval or the change in time intervals sequentially in the memory depending upon the value of the change in the time intervals of successive cardiac cycles.

18. A method for encoding/decoding cardiac data for storage in a memory of a body implantable device, the method comprising the steps of:

detecting the electrical activity of the heart;

determining the time interval of the cardiac cycle of the heart;

encoding said cardiac data for storage in said memory comprising the steps of;

continuously computing the change in the time intervals of successive cardiac cycles; and

continuously storing the time interval or the change in time intervals sequentially in storage cells of the memory depending upon the value of the change in the time intervals of successive cardiac cycles; and

providing a tag on the stored data representing change in time interval upon storing said time interval in said memory;

fetching data from said memory;

decoding the data retrieved from said memory comprising the steps of;

examining the contents of said data retrieved from said memory;

determining if said data retrieved from said memory is time interval or change in time interval data on the basis of the presence or absence of said tag associated with said data retrieved from said memory;

computing the time interval upon the presence of said tag by adding a previously retrieved time interval to said change in time interval; and

designating said data retrieved from said memory as said time interval data upon the absence of said tag.

19. In a method for detecting and storing cardiac data in a memory of a body implantable device comprising detecting the electrical activity of the heart, determining the time interval of the cardiac cycle of the heart, the improvement comprising a method for encoding said cardiac data for storage in said memory comprising the steps of:

determining the change in the time intervals between successive cardiac cycles;

determining if the magnitude of the time difference between the time intervals of successive cardiac cycles is within a storage capacity of a single memory cell in the memory;

storing the value of the time difference in a particular storage cell of said memory at a corresponding particular address if said time difference is within the storage capacity of a single memory cell providing a flag on stored time difference; and

storing the time interval in two consecutive storage cells in said memory if said time difference is not within the storage capacity of a single memory cell.