Apparatus for selectively actuating well tools

• US 5,052,489 A
• Filed: 06/15/1990
• Issued: 10/01/1991
• Est. Priority Date: 06/15/1990
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: James V. Carisella
• Original Assignee: James V. Carisella
• Inventors: Cook, Robert B., Carisella, James V.
• Primary Examiner(s): Britts, Ramon S.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Schoeppel, Roger J.
• Application Number:
  US07/538,840
• Time in Patent Office: 473 Days
• Field of Search: 166/55, 166/65.1, 166/297-298, 337/145, 175/4.55, 175/3.5, 175/4.5, 175/4.51, 175/4.53, 175/4.54, 175/4.56, 175/4.6, 338/51, 338/295
• US Class Current: 166/297
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 43/1185 Ignition systems
• CPC Class Codes: F42D 1/04 Arrangements for ignition ignition systems for shaped charge perforators E21B43/1185; ignition devices for seismic energy generators G01V1/06

Abstract

In the representative embodiments of the several methods and apparatus of the invention disclosed herein, a movable detonating member is arranged to be selectively impelled against an impact-responsive detonator on a well tool having one or more explosive devices. The movable detonating member is initially restrained from moving in relation of the tool body by a heat-responsive material which, in one embodiment, is operative to release the detonating member when an electrical heater on the tool is initiated from the surface for melting the bonding material or, in another embodiment, releases the detonating member when the material is melted by elevated well bore temperatures. Other safety measures disclosed herein include temperature-sensitive barriers which, in one embodiment, prevents the movement of the detonating member against the explosive detonator until the material in the barrier is changed by elevated well bore temperatures as well as a second embodiment that precludes the transmission of detonating forces from the detonator and other explosives in the train of explosives on the tool.

Claims

1. Well bore apparatus cooperatively arranged for suspension in a well bore and comprising:

a tool body;

an impact-actuated explosive on said body;

a detonating member arranged on said body for striking said impact-actuated explosive with sufficient force to detonate said impact-actuated explosive;

an impact-attenuating barrier between said impact-actuated explosive and said detonating member which is formed of a heat-responsive substance rendering said barrier effective to at least attenuate the striking force of said detonating member so long as the temperature of said heat-responsive substance remains below a predetermined temperature and rendering said barrier ineffective to attenuate the striking force of said detonating member after said heat-responsive substance is heated above said predetermined temperature by elevated well bore temperatures exterior of said well bore apparatus; and

means selectively initiated from the surface only after said impact-attenuating barrier is rendered ineffective and operable for driving said detonating member into said ineffective barrier with sufficient striking force to detonate said explosive.

2. The well bore apparatus of claim 1 wherein said impact-attenuating barrier will be rendered effective to again attenuate the striking force of said detonating member whenever said heat-responsive substance has been cooled below said predetermined temperature by reduced well bore temperatures exterior of said well bore apparatus as it is returned to the surface with said explosive still undetonated.

3. The well bore apparatus of claim 1 wherein said heat-responsive substance is selected from the group consisting of thermoplastic polymers and low-temperature metal alloys with melting points which are no greater than said elevated well bore temperatures.

4. The well bore apparatus of claim 1 including a detonation-attenuating barrier positioned on the other side of said impact-actuated explosive from said impact-attenuating barrier, said detonation-attenuating barrier being formed of a heat-responsive substance rendering said detonation-attenuating barrier effective for attenuating the detonation forces of said impact-actuated explosive only so long as the temperature of said detonation-attenuating barrier is less than a predetermined temperature and which is responsive to elevated well bore temperatures exterior of said well bore apparatus above said predetermined temperature for rendering said detonation-attenuating barrier ineffective for subsequently attenuating the detonation forces of said impact-actuated explosive;

said heat-responsive substances respectively forming said detonation-attenuating barrier and said impact-attenuating barriers being selected from the group consisting of thermoplastic polymers and fusible metal alloys respectively having melting points which are no greater than said elevated well bore temperatures.

5. The well bore apparatus of claim 1 further including means for selectively retaining said detonating member in an inactive position on said body and including a heat-responsive material arranged between said detonating member and said body to retain said detonating member in its said inactive position until said heat-responsive material is heated to a temperature where it is no longer capable of retaining said detonating member in its said inactive position;

and wherein said means selectively initiated from the surface include an electrical heater which, once said impact-attenuating barrier is rendered ineffective, is operable for heating said heat-responsive material until it is no longer capable of retaining said detonating member from being driven into said ineffective barrier with sufficient force to detonate said impact-actuated explosive;

said heat-responsive material being selected from the group consisting of thermoplastic polymers and fusible metal alloys having melting points which are no greater than said elevated well bore temperatures.

6. The well bore apparatus of claim 1 further including means for selectively retaining said detonating member in an inactive position on said body including first and second opposed surfaces respectively arranged on said body and said detonating member and a block of a heat-responsive material arranged between said first and second opposed surfaces for retaining said detonating member in its said inactive position on said body until elevated well bore temperatures have rendered said block of heat-responsive material ineffective to retain said detonating member in its said inactive position;

and wherein said means selectively initiated from the surface include an impact member releasable from the surface and operable only after elevated well bore temperatures have rendered said impact-attenuating barrier and said block of heat-responsive material respectively ineffective for driving said detonating member into said ineffective barrier to strike said impact-actuated explosive with sufficient force to detonate it.

7. The well bore apparatus of claim 6 wherein said heat-responsive material retaining said detonating member in its said inactive position is selected from the group consisting of thermoplastic polymers and fusible metal alloys respectively having melting points which are no greater than said elevated well bore temperatures.

8. Well bore apparatus cooperatively arranged for suspension in a well bore and comprising:

a tubular tool body defining an enclosed chamber;

an impact-actuated explosive mounted within said chamber;

detonating means selectively operable from the surface and including an elongated detonating member in said tubular body arranged for moving in said chamber from an inactive position to an active position to strike said explosive with sufficient impact for detonating said explosive; and

a barrier in said tubular body formed of a fusible metal alloy operable only at temperatures less than its predetermined melting temperature for preventing said detonating member from detonating said explosive and responsive to elevated well bore temperatures exterior of said tubular body greater than said predetermined melting temperature of said fusible metal alloy to render said barrier ineffective for thereafter preventing said detonating member from detonating said explosive.

9. The well bore apparatus of claim 8 where said fusible metal alloy is selected from the group consisting of binary, ternary, quaternary and quinary mixtures of bismuth, lead, tin, cadmium and indium.

10. The well bore apparatus of claim 8 further including:

biasing means cooperatively arranged in said tubular body for driving said detonating member from its said inactive position toward its said active position to strike said explosive with sufficient impact for detonating said explosive; and

means normally retaining said detonating member in its said inactive position and selectively actuated from the surface only after elevated well bore temperatures exterior of said tubular body have heated said fusible metal alloy above its predetermined melting temperature for rendering said barrier ineffective and thereafter freeing said biasing means to drive said detonating member into said explosive with sufficient impact to detonate it.

11. The well bore apparatus of claim 10 wherein said barrier is disposed in said chamber between said detonating member and said explosive.

12. Well bore apparatus cooperatively arranged for suspension in a well bore and comprising:

a tubular tool body having a longitudinal bore defining an enclosed chamber;

an impact-actuated explosive mounted within said chamber;

detonating means selectively operable from the surface and including an elongated detonating member in said tubular body arranged for moving longitudinally in said chamber from an inactive position to an active position to strike said impact-actuated explosive;

biasing means arranged within said tubular body for driving said detonating member from its said inactive position toward its said active position to strike said impact-actuated explosive with sufficient impact for detonating said explosive; and

impact-absorbing barrier means in said chamber between said explosive and said detonating member including a heat-responsive substance operable only at temperatures less than a predetermined temperature for absorbing impacts of said detonating member and responsive to elevated well bore temperatures exterior of said tubular body above said predetermined temperature for rendering said impact-absorbing barrier means ineffective to absorb impact forces of said detonating member.

13. The well bore apparatus of claim 12 further including means normally retaining said detonating member in its said inactive position and selectively initiated from the surface only after elevated well bore temperatures exterior of said tubular body have rendered said impact-absorbing barrier means ineffective for enabling said biasing means to drive said detonating member into said ineffective impact-absorbing barrier and strike said impact-actuated explosive with sufficient impact to detonate it.

14. The well bore apparatus of claim 13 wherein said selectively-initiated means include a heat-responsive material cooperatively arranged between said detonating member and said tubular body to retain said detonating member in its said inactive position until said heat-responsive material is heated to a temperature above said predetermined temperature so that said heat-responsive material is incapable of retaining said detonating member in its said inactive position, and an electrical heater operable from the surface for heating said heat-responsive material until said heat-responsive material can no longer retain said biasing means from forcibly driving said detonator member against said impact-actuated explosive with sufficient impact to detonate it after elevated well bore temperatures exterior of said tubular body have sufficiently raised the temperature of said heat-responsive substance to render said barrier means ineffective to absorb the impact of said detonating member against said impact-actuated explosive.

15. The well bore apparatus of claim 14 wherein said heat-responsive material is a meltable material selected from the group consisting of tin-silver solders, antimonial tin solders, lead-tin solders, alloys of bismuth and tin, alloys of bismuth and lead, and alloys of bismuth with cadmium, indium and antimony.

16. The well bore apparatus of claim 14 including an explosive device tandemly coupled to said tubular body and cooperatively arranged within detonating proximity of said impact-actuated explosive to be detonated in response to the detonation of said impact-actuated explosive.

17. The well bore apparatus of claim 16 including detonation-attenuating barrier means cooperatively arranged on the other side of said impact-actuated explosive from said impact-absorbing barrier means, said detonation-attenuating barrier means being formed of a heat-responsive substance which is effective for attenuating the detonation force of said impact-actuated explosive only so long as the temperature of said detonation-attenuating barrier means is below a selected temperature and which is rendered ineffective for attenuating the detonation force of said impact-actuated explosive whenever elevated well bore temperatures exterior of said tubular body increase the temperature of said detonation-attenuating barrier means above said selected temperature;

said heat-responsive substances forming said detonation-attenuating barrier means and said impact-absorbing barrier means being respectively selected from the group consisting of thermoplastic polymers and fusible metal alloys which respectively have melting temperatures no greater than said elevated well bore temperatures.

18. The well bore apparatus of claim 16 including detonation-attenuating barrier means arranged on said tubular body on the other side of said impact-actuated explosive from said impact-absorbing barrier means, said detonation-attenuating barrier means including a movable solid body operable for attenuating the detonation force of said impact-actuated explosive and having an opening therein which is aligned with said longitudinal bore of said tubular body when said movable body is moved to a firing position, and a heat-responsive substance disposed in said opening for attenuating the detonation force of said impact-actuated explosive when said movable body is in its said firing position until elevated well bore temperatures have melted said heat-responsive substance to clear said opening and render said detonation-attenuating barrier means ineffective until said movable body is moved to a disarming position where said opening is misaligned with said longitudinal bore.

19. The well bore apparatus of claim 13 wherein said selectively-initiated means include first and second opposed surfaces on said tubular body and said detonating member respectively, a block of a heat-responsive material arranged between said first and second opposed surfaces for retaining said detonating member in its said inactive position until elevated well bore temperatures exterior of said tubular body heat said block of heat-responsive material to a temperature where said block of heat-responsive material is no longer capable of retaining said detonating member in its said inactive position, and an impact member which is releasable from the surface for striking said detonating member to forcibly drive it against said impact-actuated explosive for detonating it only after elevated well bore temperatures exterior of said tubular body have sufficiently heated both said block of heat-responsive material and said heat-responsive substance in said impact-absorbing barrier means to enable said detonating member to be forcibly driven against said impact-actuated explosive.

20. The well bore apparatus of claim 19 wherein said heat-responsive material retaining said detonating member in its said inactive position is selected from the group consisting of low-temperature fusible metal alloys and thermoplastic polymers with melting temperatures which are no greater than said elevated well bore temperatures.

21. The well bore apparatus of claim 19 including an explosive device tandemly coupled to said tubular body and cooperatively arranged within detonating proximity of said impact-actuated explosive to be detonated in response to the detonation of said impact-actuated explosive.

22. The well bore apparatus of claim 21 including detonation-attenuating barrier means on said tubular body on the other side of said impact-actuated explosive from said impact-absorbing barrier means, said detonation-attenuating barrier means being formed of a heat-responsive substance rendering said detonation-attenuating barrier means effective for absorbing the detonation force of said impact-actuated explosive only so long as said heat-responsive substance is below a predetermined temperature and which is responsive to elevated well bore temperatures to render said detonation-attenuating barrier means ineffective for attenuating the detonation force of said impact-actuated explosive when said heat-responsive substance has been heated above said predetermined temperature;

said heat-responsive substances forming said detonation-attenuating barrier means and said impact-absorbing barrier means being respectively selected from the group consisting of thermoplastic polymers and fusible metal alloys which respectively have melting temperatures no greater than said elevated well bore temperatures.

23. The well bore apparatus of claim 21 including detonation-attenuating barrier means on said tubular body on the other side of said impact-actuated explosive from said impact-absorbing barrier means, said detonation-attenuating barrier means including a movable solid body operable for attenuating the detonation force of said impact-actuated explosive and having an opening therein which is aligned with said longitudinal bore of said tubular body when said movable body is moved to a firing position, and a heat-responsive meltable material disposed in said opening for attenuating the detonation force of said impact-actuated explosive when said movable body is in its said firing position until elevated well bore temperatures have melted said heat-responsive material for clearing said opening and rendering said detonation-attenuating barrier means ineffective until said movable body is moved to a disarming position where said opening is misaligned with said longitudinal bore.