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Biological sensors

  • US 5,055,265 A
  • Filed: 05/30/1989
  • Issued: 10/08/1991
  • Est. Priority Date: 06/06/1988
  • Status: Expired due to Term
First Claim
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1. A sensor for use in biological, biochemical or chemical testing, said sensor comprising:

  • a structure comprising a block of material, a membrane of dielectric material disposed over a surface of said block, a layer of metallic material disposed over that surface of said membrane opposite said block, and a layer of sensitive material disposed over said metallic layer;

    means for introducing onto the sensitive layer so as to react therewith a sample to be analyzed in which the index of refraction of the sample and/or said sensitive layer is equal or nearly equal to that of said membrane, and the index of refraction of the material of said block is higher than that of said membrane and the sample;

    means for generating electromagnetic radiation that is transmittable through said block of material and for directing the radiation through said block at a location within said structure in a manner which causes long range surface plasmon resonance to occur and which causes the radiation to be internally reflected by said structure from said location; and

    detecting means for monitoring radiation from said source which has been internally reflected within the structure and for detecting the characteristics of the resonance that are dependent upon the reaction between the sample and the sensitive layer.

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