Over-the-horizon targeting system and method

• US 5,056,740 A
• Filed: 09/22/1989
• Issued: 10/15/1991
• Est. Priority Date: 09/22/1989
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Johns Hopkins University of Baltimore Maryland
• Original Assignee: Johns Hopkins University
• Inventors: Roth, Michael W., Mitzel, Glenn E.
• Primary Examiner(s): BAREFOOT, GALEN L
• Application Number:
  US07/411,138
• Time in Patent Office: 753 Days
• Field of Search: 244/158 R, 244/139, 244/138 R, 244/160, 244/3.13, 244/3.15, 455/12, 455/13, 455/98, 342/352-358, 342/372, 342/59, 89/1.11
• US Class Current: 244/158.4
• CPC Class Codes: B64G 1/1021 Earth observation satellites
• CPC Class Codes: B64G 1/62 Systems for re-entry into the earth's atmosphere; Retarding or landing devices
• CPC Class Codes: F42B 12/365 Projectiles transmitting information to a remote location using optical or electronic means F42B12/385 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/18502 Airborne stations

Abstract

The invention is directed to either a satellite or missile deployed to a high altitude location at a desired position above a target. Once at the proper position a drogue chute is deployed to slow reentry and then a high-altitude balloon or paraglider is deployed to maintain the invention above the target area. Once deployed, the invention utilizes onboard sensors to collect target information which is communicated to an over-the-horizon (from the target) receiver.

Claims

1. An over-the-horizon targeting system comprising:

a satellite in earth orbit;

means for guiding said satellite to a position above a target;

a de-orbit rocket on said satellite which is ignited to decelerate said satellite;

a heat shield attached to said satellite to protect said satellite during de-orbiting;

a drogue chute which is deployed from said satellite to further decelerate said satellite to permit deployment of a maintaining means;

means for maintaining said satellite in said position above said target at an altitude which is above the limit of missiles that use aerodynamic control surfaces;

means for collecting information by said satellite about said target; and

means for communicating said target information to a receiver which is over-the-horizon from said target.

2. The targeting system as recited in claim 1, wherein said maintaining means comprises a balloon which is deployed from and attached to said satellite.

3. The targeting system as recited in claim 1, wherein said maintaining means comprises a paraglider which is deployed from and attached to said satellite.

4. The targeting system as recited in claim 3, wherein said maintaining means further comprises means for controlling said paraglider.

5. The targeting system as recited in claim 1, wherein said collecting means comprises:

means for sensing said target; and

means for powering said sensing means.

6. An over-the-horizon targeting system comprising:

a constellation of thirteen satellites in earth orbit to provide whole-earth coverage for said targeting system at a minimum constellation total weight, wherein a satellite in said constellation comprises;

means for guiding said satellite;

a de-orbit rocket on said satellite which is ignited to decelerate and de-orbit said satellite to a position above a target;

a heat shield attached to said satellite to protect said satellite during de-orbiting;

a drogue chute which is deployed from said satellite to further decelerate said satellite;

a balloon which is deployed from and attached to said satellite to maintain said satellite in said position above said target at an altitude of at least 100,000 feet above sea level;

means for sensing said target;

means for powering said sensing means; and

means for communicating information about said target collected by said sensing means to a receiver which is over-the-horizon from said target.

7. A method for targeting over-the-horizon comprising the steps of:

placing a satellite in earth orbit;

guiding said satellite to a position above a target;

igniting a de-orbit rocket on said satellite to decelerate said satellite;

protecting said satellite during de-orbiting with a heat shield attached to said satellite;

deploying a drogue chute from said satellite to further decelerate said satellite to permit maintaining said satellite in said position above said target;

maintaining said satellite in said position above said target at an altitude which is above the limit of missiles that use aerodynamic control surfaces;

collecting information by said satellite about said target; and

communicating said target information to a receiver which is over-the-horizon from said target.

8. The method as recited in claim 7, wherein said step of maintaining said satellite in said position above said target comprises the step of deploying a balloon from said satellite, said balloon being attached to said satellite.

9. The method as recited in claim 7, wherein said step of maintaining said satellite in said position above said target comprises the step of deploying a paraglider from said satellite, said paraglider being attached to said satellite.

10. The method as recited in claim 9, wherein said step of maintaining said targeting systems in said position above said target further comprises the step of controlling said paraglider.

11. The method as recited in claim 7, wherein said step of collecting information comprises the steps of:

powering a means for sensing said target; and

sensing said target.

12. A method for targeting over-the-horizon comprising the steps of:

placing a constellation of thirteen satellites in earth orbit to provide whole-earth coverage for said targeting at a minimum constellation total weight, wherein deploying a satellite in said constellation comprises the steps of;

guiding said satellite;

igniting a de-orbit rocket on said satellite to decelerate and de-orbit said satellite to a position above a target;

protecting said satellite during de-orbiting with a heat shield attached to said satellite;

deploying a drogue chute from said satellite to further decelerate said satellite;

deploying a balloon from said satellite, said balloon being attached to said satellite to maintain said satellite in said position above said target at an altitude of at least 100,000 feet above sea level;

powering a means for sensing said target;

sensing said target; and

communicating information about said target collected by said means for sensing said target to a receiver which is over-the-horizon from said target.