Process for the co-production of ethanol and an improved human food product from cereal grains

• US 5,061,497 A
• Filed: 09/11/1989
• Issued: 10/29/1991
• Est. Priority Date: 09/11/1989
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Cereal Ingredients, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Clovis Grain Processing, Ltd.
• Inventors: Dodgin, Bill A., Thacker, Ray S.
• Primary Examiner(s): Czaja, Donald E.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Federman, Evan
• Application Number:
  US07/405,463
• Time in Patent Office: 778 Days
• Field of Search: 426/31, 426/44, 426/49, 426/53, 426/54, 426/459, 426/460, 426/615, 426/618, 435/161
• US Class Current: 426/31
• CPC Class Codes: A21D 13/02 Products made from whole meal; Products containing bran or rough-ground grain
• CPC Class Codes: A21D 2/36 Vegetable material
• CPC Class Codes: A23L 33/21 Addition of substantially indigestible substances, e.g. dietary fibres
• CPC Class Codes: A23L 7/107 Addition or treatment with enzymes not combined with fermentation with microorganisms
• CPC Class Codes: C12P 7/06 Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 50/10 Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel

Abstract

A process for producing a novel cereal grain food product is disclosed. This novel food product is high in fiber and protein with an unsweet dextrin coating that renders the product good-tasting and suitable for human consumption. This process involves the enzymatic conversion and removal of starch from the grain. The converted grain is separated from its liquor before the liquor is fermented to produce ethanol. The food product may be incorporated into baked goods, drinks, breakfast cereals and the like or eaten "as is".

Claims

1. A high fiber, high protein food product organoleptically suitable for human consumption comprising:

milled, starch-bearing cereal grains having 90 to 100% of the starch enzymatically converted, said converted cereal grains having a protein content on a dry matter basis substantially between 17 to 30% by weight, a total dietary fiber content on a dry matter basis substantially between 30 to 70% by weight and a nitrogen-free extract content on a dry matter basis of less than 40% by weight, said converted grains having a coating thereon of residual sugars from the enzymatic conversion of starch substantially between 10 to 30% by weight on a dry matter basis, said sugars containing less than 5% glucose.

2. The food product of claim 1 wherein the nitrogen-free extract content is less than 30% by weight.

3. The food product of claim 2 wherein the nitrogen-free extract content is less than 20% by weight.

4. The food product of claim 1 wherein the residual sugar is substantially between 18 to 22% by weight.

5. The food product of claim 1 wherein the total dietary fiber content is substantially between 41 to 49% by weight.

6. The food product of claim 1 wherein the cereal grains are selected from the group consisting of wheat, oats, rice, corn, psyllium, millet, rye, pearled barley, sorghum, and mixtures and combinations thereof.

7. The food product of claim 6 wherein the cereal grain is wheat and the fiber content is substantially between 45 to 60% by weight, the protein content is substantially between 21 to 25% by weight and the nitrogen-free extract content is substantially between 19 to 28% by weight.

8. The food product of claim 6 wherein the cereal grain is a mixture of wheat and oats, the fiber content is substantially between 44 to 49% by weight, the protein content is substantially between 19 to 25% by weight and the nitrogen-free extract is substantially between 21 to 28% by weight.

9. The food product of claim 6 wherein the cereal grain is rice, the fiber content is substantially between 41 to 45% by weight, the protein content is substantially between 20 to 23% by weight an the nitrogen-free extract is substantially between 30 to 34% by weight.

10. The food product of claim 6 wherein the cereal grain is corn, the fiber content is substantially between 43 to 46% by weight, the protein content is substantially between 21 to 24% by weight and the nitrogen-free extract is substantially between 26 to 29% by weight.

11. The food product of claim 8 wherein the fiber content is 20% soluble fiber and 80% insoluble fiber.

12. A process for producing a high protein, high fiber food product organoleptically suitable for human consumption form selected starch-bearing cereal grains comprising the steps of:

suspending starch-bearing cereal grains in a selected amount of water to form an aqueous slurry;

heating the slurry sufficiently to at least partially gelatinize the starch;

liquefying and hydrolyzing a selected amount between 90 to 100% of the starch in the grains with enzymes to produce a grain mixture having a grain solids fraction and an aqueous sugars fraction with a Brix value of substantially between 14 to 24 degrees, the sugars fraction containing less than 5% glucose; and

separating the grain solids fraction of the mixture from the aqueous sugars fraction to the mixture to produce a substantially solids-free aqueous sugars fraction and a grain solids cake with a solids content substantially between 30 to 50% by weight and 50 to 70% sugars fraction by weight, said grain solids cake having a total dietary fiber content on a dry matter basis substantially between 30 to 70% by weight, a protein content on a dry basis of substantially between 17 to 30% and a nitrogen-free extract content on a dry basis of less than 40% by weight.

13. The process of claim 12 wherein the hydrolysis of the starch is irreversibly arrested before separating the grain solids by elevating the temperature of the grain mixture to a selected temperature above the maximum temperature tolerance level of the liquifying enzymes.

14. The process of claim 12 wherein the selected amount of the liquefied starch in the grains is between 90 to 98% and the hydrolysis of the starch is arrested by separating the grain solids fraction from the aqueous sugars fraction to form a solids cake and drying the solids cake to a moisture content of less than 10% by weight.

15. The process of claim 13 wherein the selected temperature above the maximum temperature tolerance level of the liquifying enzymes is between 190 degrees to 210 degrees F.

16. The process of claim 13 wherein the selected amount of hydrolyzed starch is 100%, the selected amount of water is sufficient to produce a Brix value of 17 to 19 degrees to produce a nitrogen-free extract content is less than 30%.

17. The process of claim 12 wherein the separating of grain solids fraction from aqueous sugars fraction includes centrifuging the grain mixture to produce a solids cake having a solids content between 30 to 50% by weight.

18. The process of claim 17 wherein the aqueous sugars fraction has a Brix value between 18 to 21 degrees and a ratio of glucose to total sugars of less than substantially 1%.

19. The process of claim 12 wherein the cereal grains are selected from the group consisting of wheat, oats, corn, rice, psyllium, millet, rye, pearled barley, sorghum and mixtures thereof.

20. The process of claim 19 wherein the cereal is wheat, the aqueous slurry has a solids content between 20 to 50% by weight, the hydrolysis is irreversibly arrested by heating to a temperature above 190 degrees F. when the selected amount of hydrolyzed starch is substantially 100%, the amount of glucose to total sugars is less than substantially 1% by weight, and the aqueous sugars fraction has a Brix value of 17 to 19 degrees.

21. The process of claim 20 wherein the separation of grain solids from the aqueous sugars fraction includes centrifuging the grain mixture to produce a solids cake having a solids content between 30 to 50% by weight;

and

drying the solids cake to produce a food product having a nitrogen-free extract content less than 30% by weight on a dry basis and a total dietary fiber content greater than 45% by weight on a dry basis and a protein content substantially between 21 to 25% by weight on a dry basis.

22. The process of claim 15 wherein the selected amount of liquefied starch is substantially between 90 to 98% by weight and the separating of the grains solids fraction from the aqueous sugars fraction includes centrifuging the grains mixture to produce a solids cake having a solids content between 30 to 50% by weight, including the step of:

drying the solids cake to produce a food product having a protein content of substantially between 21 to 25% by weight on a dry basis, a total dietary fiber content between 45 to 60% by weight on a dry basis and a nitrogen-free extract content substantially between 19 to 28% by weight on a dry basis.

23. The process of claim 19 wherein the selected grain includes a mixture of wheat and oats to produce a food product having a mixture of soluble dietary fiber and insoluble dietary fiber.

24. The process of claim 12 further comprising the steps of:

fermenting the solids-free sugar fraction to produce an ethanol containing liquor; and

distilling the liquor to recover substantially pure fuel grade ethanol.

25. The process of claim 24 further comprising the step of:

enzymatically hydrolyzing the solids-free sugars fraction to at least partially degrade the higher sugars in the sugar fraction to glucose before fermenting the solids-free sugar fraction.

26. A food product made by the process of claim 13.

27. A food product made by the process of claim 14.

28. A food product made by the process of claim 20.