Method and device for in vivo diagnosis detecting IR emission by body organ

• US 5,062,428 A
• Filed: 02/11/1991
• Issued: 11/05/1991
• Est. Priority Date: 06/04/1990
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Nim Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Nim Incorporated
• Inventors: Chance, Britton
• Primary Examiner(s): Jaworski, Francis
• Assistant Examiner(s): AKERS, SCOTT
• Application Number:
  US07/653,971
• Time in Patent Office: 267 Days
• Field of Search: 128/202.72, 128/664, 128/665, 128/DIG. 72, 600/3, 600/2
• US Class Current: 600/407
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0059 using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence A61B5/0093, A61B5/1455, A61B5/02416 and A61B5/0261 take precedence

Abstract

A sensitive photon detector can be used for external detection in vivo of emission from a body organ, for instance of singlet oxygen emission in the near infrared at 1280 nm, for various purposes such as control of oxygenation of a patient. At such a wavelength bone and overlying tissue are sufficiently transparent to allow detection exteriorly of the body. Stray light and thermal emissions at this wavelength in a lit room are sufficiently low, or can otherwise be controlled, to allow detection of this singlet radiation by for instance a cooled Ge detector, to determine a rate of detected photons. Detection of this radiation can be taken for instance as indicating damage in process from over-oxygenation of a patient, allowing preventing and remedial measures to be taken in oxygen treatment. If a wavelength of interest is absorbed by overlying body tissues, insertion of an optical fiber leading to a detector, or of a detector itself, into the patient'"'"'s body via a cavity of the body or otherwise can be employed for getting sufficiently close to the organ of interest.

Claims

1. A method for in vivo monitoring of the condition of an internal body organ of a patient, comprising:

detecting photons of electromagnetic radiation caused by the characteristic emission of free radicals from an organ of the patient; and

comparing the rate of said photon detection, signifying the rate of free radical emission, with the expected rate of free radical emission from a healthy organ.

2. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said detecting step comprises detecting photons of electromagnetic radiation caused by the characteristic emission of singlet oxygen from an organ of the patient, and wherein said comparing step comprises comparing the rate of said photon detection, signifying the rate of singlet oxygen emission, with the expected rate of singlet oxygen emission from a healthy organ.

3. A method in accordance with claim 1, wherein said body organ is the lung, brain, liver, heart, kidney or intestine.

4. A method in accordance with claim 1, wherein said detecting step is accomplished by means of a detector sensitive to the wavelength of said photons to be detected, said detector being placed on the exterior body surface of the patient adjacent said organ so as to direct said photons which reach the detector after being transmitted through superficial layers of body tissue.

5. A method in accordance with claim 1, wherein said detecting step is accomplished by means of a detector sensitive to the wavelength of said photons to be detected, said detector being placed within a body cavity of the patient so as to be near said organ and so as to detect said photons which reach the detector after being transmitted through intervening layers of body tissue.

6. A method in accordance with claim 1, further including the steps of detecting photons of electromagnetic radiation caused by the characteristics emission of free radicals from the patient at a location distant from said organ being monitored, and comparing the rate of said photon detection from said organ with the amount of said photons detected at said second location.

7. A method in accordance with claim 2, further including the steps of detecting photons of electromagnetic radiation caused by the characteristic emission of singlet oxygen from the patient at a location distant from said organ being monitored, and comparing the rate of said photon detection from said organ with the amount of said photons detected at said second location.

8. A method in accordance with claim 6, wherein said second location is on an arm or leg.

9. A method in accordance with claim 2, wherein said photons being detected are photons at a wavelength of about 1268 nm.

10. A method in accordance with claim 1, wherein said photons are photons of wavelength shorter than 1268 nm emitted as a result of or in association with free radical emission and caused by dimol emission, peroxide breaking, or epoxide bond breaking.

11. A method for diagnosing or monitoring a diseased state in a patient which manifests itself in a manner which includes the characteristic emission of free radicals within an internal body organ of the patient, comprising:

detecting photons of electromagnetic radiation caused by the characteristic emission of free radicals from an organ of the patient; and

comparing the rate of said photon detection, signifying the rate of free radical emission, with the expected rate of free radical emission from a healthy organ.

12. A method in accordance with claim 11 for diagnosing or monitoring a diseased state in a patient which manifests itself in a manner which includes the characteristic emission of singlet oxygen within an internal body organ of the patient, wherein said detecting step comprises detecting photons of electromagnetic radiation caused by the characteristic emission of singlet oxygen from an organ of the patient, and wherein said comprising step comprises comparing the rate of said photon detection, signifying the rate of singlet oxygen emission, with the expected rate of singlet oxygen emission from a healthy organ.

13. A method in accordance with claim 11, wherein said diseased state is paraquat poisoning, alcoholism, or hepatitis, and wherein said organ being monitored is the liver.

14. A method in accordance with claim 11, wherein said diseased state is stroke or heart-attack and said organ being monitored is the heart or brain.

15. A method in accordance with claim 11, wherein said diseased state is oxygen overdose and wherein said organ being monitored is the brain.

16. A method for monitoring and controlling the administration of oxygen therapy to an oxygen deprived patient, comprising:

detecting photons of electromagnetic radiation caused by the characteristic emission of singlet oxygen from an organ of the patient; and

if an abnormal rate of photon detection occurs, signifying an abnormal rate of singlet oxygen emission, controlling the administration of oxygen therapy such that the singlet oxygen emissions return to normal.

17. A method in accordance with claim 16, wherein said detecting step is accomplished by means of a detector sensitive to the wavelength of said photons to be detected, said detector being placed on the exterior body surface of the patient adjacent said organ so as to detect said photons which reach the detector after being transmitted through superficial layers of body tissue.

18. A method in accordance with claim 16, wherein said detecting step is accomplished by means of a detector sensitive to the wavelength of said photons to be detected, said detector being placed within a body cavity of the patient so as to be near said organ and so as to detect said photons which reach the detector after being transmitted through intervening layers of body tissue.

19. A method in accordance with claim 16, wherein said oxygen therapy is the therapeutic administration of substantially pure oxygen and said controlling step comprises stopping or decreasing said administration of substantially pure oxygen until the singlet oxygen emissions return to normal.