Edge detection using patterned background

• US 5,065,237 A
• Filed: 08/01/1990
• Issued: 11/12/1991
• Est. Priority Date: 08/01/1990
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Lockheed Martin Corporation (Martin Marietta Corporation)
• Original Assignee: General Electric Company
• Inventors: Davis, Timothy J., Frederick, Brian R., Tsikos, Constantine J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Groody, James J.
• Assistant Examiner(s): LEE, MICHAEL
• Application Number:
  US07/561,405
• Time in Patent Office: 468 Days
• Field of Search: 358/101, 358/106, 358/107, 358/93, 209/900, 209/584, 209/586, 209/939
• US Class Current: 348/91
• CPC Class Codes: B07C 1/02 Forming articles into a stream; Arranging articles in a stream, e.g. spacing, orientating transport of sheets B65H
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2207/10016 Video; Image sequence
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2207/30164 Workpiece; Machine component
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 7/0004 Industrial image inspection
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 7/12 Edge-based segmentation
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 7/70 Determining position or orientation of objects or cameras camera calibration G06T7/80
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 209/90 Sorting flat-type mail

Abstract

An apparatus for singulating mailpieces such as envelopes spread out on a moving conveyor belt includes a robot for picking up the mailpiece associated with a leading edge. The conveyor belt has alternate black-and-white longitudinal stripes. A TV camera views the belt surface, and produces video representing the stripes and any mailpieces. The video is processed to produce signals representative of the locations of transitions in the video along the centers of the black and/or white stripes. The location representative signals are processed by calculating lines corresponding to one or more leading edges of the mailpiece, which may then be used for controlling the robot in known manner.

Claims

1. An apparatus for manipulating substantially flat, rectangular workpieces having at least one edge;

comprising;

a support surface for said workpieces, said support surface being patterned with parallel, mutually contrasting, elongated stripes;

transport means coupled to at least said workpieces for causing motion of said workpieces in a direction parallel with said stripes;

imaging means optically coupled to at least a portion of said support surface for forming an image of said portion of said support surface, and such portions of said stripes, and such workpieces as may be thereupon, and for generating video signals representing said image;

location signal generating means coupled to said imaging means, for processing said video signals in such a manner as to generate location signals representative of the location along at least some of said stripes of said edge of said workpiece;

line fitting processing means coupled to said location signal generating means for fitting data representative of at least one line to at least some of said location signals, whereby said data represents the location of at least one edge of said workpiece; and

manipulating means coupled to said line fitting processing means and responsive to said data for manipulating said workpiece.

4. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said imaging means comprises a television camera.

5. An apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said television camera is a line-scan camera for initiation and production of line scans, and said line scans are substantially parallel with said stripes.

6. An apparatus according to claim 5, wherein said location signal generating means comprises counting means enabled at said initiation of at least some of said line scans for counting until a transition of said video signals, to produce said location signals.

7. An apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising general illumination means for continuously illuminating at least said portion of said support surface with incoherent light.

8. An apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising gating means coupled to said location signal generating means and adapted for blocking at least some of said location signals from reaching said line fitting processing means.

9. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said line fitting processing means comprises means for fitting a line between upper and lower locations identified by said location signals.

10. An apparatus according to claim 9, wherein said line fitting processing means comprises means for determining the deviation between said line and each of said locations identified by said location signals.

11. An apparatus according to claim 10 further comprising means for establishing that one of said locations exhibiting the maximum deviation from said line.

12. An apparatus according to claim 11, further comprising means for causing said line fitting processing means to fit a second line between that one of said locations exhibiting the maximum deviation from said first-mentioned line and one of said upper and lower locations.

13. An apparatus according to claim 12, further comprising means for causing said line fitting processing means to fit a third line between that one of said locations exhibiting the maximum deviation from said first-mentioned line and the other one of said upper and lower locations.

14. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said manipulating means comprises vacuum gripping means.

2. An apparatus for manipulating substantially flat, rectangular workpieces having at least one edge, comprising:

an elongated conveyor belt for supporting said workpieces, said conveyor belt being patterned with parallel, mutually contrasting, elongated stripes;

transport means coupled to at least said workpieces for causing motion of said workpieces in a direction parallel with said stripes;

imaging means optically coupled to at least a portion of said conveyor belt for forming an image of said portion of said conveyor belt, and such portions of said stripes and workpieces as may be thereupon, and for generating video signals representing said image;

location signal generating means coupled to said imaging means, for processing said video signals in such a manner as to generate location signals representative of the location along at least some of said stripes of said edge of said workpiece;

line fitting processing means coupled to said location signal generating means for fitting data representative of at least one line to at least some of said location signals, whereby said data represents the location of at least one edge of said workpiece; and

manipulating means coupled to said line fitting processing means and responsive to said data for manipulating said workpiece.

3. An apparatus according to claim 2 wherein said transport means comprises prime moving means coupled to said conveyor belt.

15. A method for determining the location of an edge of a workpiece, comprising the steps of:

placing said workpiece on a surface bearing a pattern of a plurality of mutually contrasting stripes;

illuminating a portion of said surface;

imaging said portion of said surface and any workpiece overlying said stripes to thereby produce video signals representing scans parallel to said stripes;

generating transition signals representative of the transitions between at least some of said stripes and an edge of said workpiece;

measuring the time between a reference signal and each of said transition signals to produce location signals representative of the location of said edge of said workpiece;

gating at least some of said location signals corresponding to edges of said stripes to produce gated location signals, to thereby eliminate spurious transitions attributable to deviations of said scans and said stripes from a mutually parallel condition; and

identifying top and bottom locations representing upper and lower extremes of said edge of said workpiece from said gated location signals, and calculating a line between said top and bottom locations.

17. A method according to claim 15 further comprising the steps of:

calculating the deviation of each of said locations represented by said gated location signals from said line; and

identifying that location having the greatest deviation.

18. A method according to claim 17 further comprising the steps of:

calculating two further lines extending between said location having the greatest deviation and said TOP and BOTTOM locations.

16. A method for determining the location of the edge of a workpiece, comprising the steps of:

placing said workpiece on a surface bearing a pattern of a plurality of mutually contrasting stripes;

illuminating at least a portion of said surface with incoherent light;

imaging said portion of said surface and any workpiece overlying said stripes to thereby produce video signals representing scans parallel to said stripes;

generating transition signals representative of the transitions between at least some of said stripes and an edge of said workpiece;

measuring the time between a reference signal and each of said transition signals to produce location signals representative of the location of said edge of said workpiece;

gating at least some of said location signals corresponding to edges of said stripes to produce gated location signals, to thereby eliminate spurious transitions attributable to deviations of said scans and said stripes from a mutually parallel condition; and

identifying top and bottom locations representing upper and lower extremes of said edge of said workpiece from said gated location signals, and calculating a line between said top and bottom locations.