Methods of discriminating between contaminated and uncontaminated containers

• US 5,067,616 A
• Filed: 05/15/1989
• Issued: 11/26/1991
• Est. Priority Date: 08/04/1986
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Coca-Cola Company (The Coca-Cola Company)
• Original Assignee: The Coca-Cola Company
• Inventors: Dalsis, David E., Leddon, Warren E., Plester, George
• Primary Examiner(s): Huppert, Michael S.
• Assistant Examiner(s): WACYRA, EDWARD MICHAEL
• Application Number:
  US07/351,994
• Time in Patent Office: 925 Days
• Field of Search: 209/3.1-3.3, 209/509, 209/522-524, 209/538, 209/546, 209/549, 209/552, 209/555, 209/556, 209/558, 209/563-567, 209/570, 209/571, 209/576-579 , 209/587-589, 73/53, 73/61.1 R, 73/863, 73/863.91, 73/864.81, 73/864.91, 250/223.2, 250/565, 250/341, 356/36, 356/240, 356/426, 356/427, 356/440, 422/64
• US Class Current: 209/3.1
• CPC Class Codes: B07C 2201/006 Hazardous Substances, e.g. checking for contamination, explosives, anthrax
• CPC Class Codes: B07C 5/3408 for bottles, jars or other glassware according to size B07C5/122
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2033/0081 containers; packages; bottles
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/31 Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry G01N21/72 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/9018 Dirt detection in containers
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/9081 Inspection especially designed for plastic containers, e.g. preforms
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 35/00603 Reinspection of samples
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 35/00663 of consumables

Abstract

Methods of discriminating between contaminated and uncontaminated containers prior to washing is disclosed characterized by the testing of the residue of the container to determine if the residue is residue of the original product packed in the container. If the residue is not sufficiently similar to the original product, the container is rejected as contaminated.

Claims

1. A method for discriminating between a contaminated and an uncontaminated container from a population of containers which were once filled with product to be consumed, each of said containers having a residue therein comprising the steps of:

generating a reference range representative of at least one physical response generated by samples of a product residue utilizing a first method of detection;

generating at least one physical response from a residue in each container utilizing the first method of detection;

comparing the physical response of the sample residue with the reference range representative of the physical response of product residue;

rejecting the container when the physical response of the sample residue does not correlate to the physical response of the product residue;

classifying the rejected containers into definitely rejected containers and suspect containers having an overlapping signal characteristic of product residue; and

reinspecting the suspect containers utilizing at least one additional method of detection to accept or reject the suspect containers by generating an additional physical response from residue in said suspect containers;

whereby complex analytical systems for detecting a large number of unknown contaminants is avoided by reducing the analytical problem to the detection of known and relatively few product residues whose presence is used to indicate that the container was not contaminated.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the at least one additional method of detection comprises hydrocarbon detection utilizing headspace vapor analysis by a photoionization detection technique.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of generating a physical response comprises:

directing electromagnetic energy to the residue;

measuring the quality and quantity of electromagnetic energy that interacts with the sample; and

transmitting signals indicative of the quality and quantity of the electromagnetic energy measured.

4. The method of claim 3 wherein said electromagnetic energy is thermal excitation and wherein the measuring step comprises measuring the relative amounts and wavelengths of radiation emitted by the sample residue.

5. The method of claim 3 wherein the measuring step comprises measuring the relative amounts and wavelengths of radiation emitted by the sample residue.

6. The method of claim 3 wherein said electromagnetic energy is ultraviolet light and the measuring step comprises measuring the relative amounts and wavelengths of radiation absorbed by the sample residue.

7. The method of claim 3 wherein said electromagnetic energy is visible light and the measuring step comprises measuring the relative amounts and wavelengths of radiation absorbed by the sample residue.

8. The method of claim 3 wherein said electromagnetic energy is infrared radiation and the measuring step comprises measuring the relative amounts and wavelengths of radiation absorbed by the sample residue.

9. The method of claim 3 wherein said electromagnetic energy is coherent radiation and the measuring step comprises measuring the relative amounts and angles of scatter of radiation scattered through the sample residue.

10. The method of claim 3 wherein said electromagnetic energy is monochromatic light in the near infrared region and the measuring step comprises measuring the relative amounts and wavelength of infrared light absorbed by the sample residue.

11. The method of claim 3 wherein the step of generating a physical response comprises:

combining the sample residue with a reagent indicative of an ingredient of said product;

detecting the presence or absence of a reaction between the reagent and said ingredient of said product;

transmitting signals indicative of the presence or absence of such reaction.

12. The method of claim 11 wherein said ingredient is sugar and said reagent is a sugar indicator.

13. The method of claim 3 wherein the step of generating a physical response comprises:

placing the sample residue in a magnetic field of varying strength;

irradiating the sample residue with radiation in the radio frequency range; and

transmitting signals indicative of the values of the field strength at which said energy is absorbed.

14. The method of claim 3 wherein the step of generating a physical response comprises:

ionizing the sample residue;

separating the ions according to mass; and

transmitting signals indicative of the number of ions of specific mass in the sample residue.

15. The method of claim 1 further comprising prior to the step of generating a reference range, the step of:

converting analog measurements from the at least one physical response of sample residue to a plurality of reference digital signals.

16. The method of claim 1 wherein the at least one additional method comprises utilizing video camera based image processing analysis to inspect the containers for modified opacity due to the presence of contaminants.

31. The method of claims 1 or 27 wherein a aliquot of a sample residue in a container is extracted from the container and the physical response of the sample residue is generated.

32. The method of claim 31 further comprising after the step of extracting the sample residue, the step of:

referencing the container from which the sample residue was extracted to the sample residue extracted.

17. A method for discriminating between a contaminated and an uncontaminated container from a population of containers which were once filled with product to be consumed comprising the steps of:

generating a first series of reference physical responses from a first stimulus utilizing a first method of detection;

establishing a first correlation factor range between the first series of reference physical responses and the physical responses of product residue samples to a stimulus identical to said first stimulus;

generating a second reference series of physical responses generated by a second stimulus from at least one sample of residue of said product utilizing at least one first additional method of detection;

recording said second reference series physical responses;

establishing a second correlation factor range between the second reference series and the physical responses of product residue samples to a stimulus identical to said second stimulus;

extracting a sample of a residue from each of said population of containers;

creating a first sample physical response to a stimulus of the sample of the residue identical to said first stimulus utilizing the first method of detection;

creating a second sample physical response to a stimulus of the sample of the residue identical to said second stimulus utilizing the at least one first additional method of detection;

comparing the first sample physical response with the first reference series of physical responses of a sample of a residue of the product;

rejecting the container when the first sample physical response is not within the first correlation factor range;

comparing the second sample physical response with the second reference series of physical responses of a sample of a residue of the product;

rejecting the container when the second sample physical response is not within the second correlation factor range;

classifying the rejected containers into definitely rejected containers and suspect containers having an overlapping signal characteristic of product residue; and

reinspecting the suspect containers utilizing at least one second additional method of detection to accept or reject the suspect containers.

18. The method of claim 17 wherein the at least one additional method of detection comprises hydrocarbon detection utilizing headspace vapor analysis by a photoionization detection technique and the at least one second additional method of detection comprises utilizing video camera based image processing analysis to inspect containers for modified opacity due to the presence of contaminants.

19. The method of claim 17 wherein the at least one additional method of detection comprises utilizing video camera based image processing analysis to inspect containers for modified opacity due to the presence of contaminants and the at least one second additional method of detection comprises hydrocarbon detection utilizing headspace vapor analysis by a photoionization detection technique.

20. A method for discriminating between a contaminated and an uncontaminated container from a population of containers which were once filled with product to be consumed comprising the steps of:

generating a signal representative of at least one physical response generated by a sample of product residue utilizing a first method of detection;

generating at least one physical response from a residue in each container utilizing the first method of detection;

comparing the physical response of the sample residue with the signal representative of the physical response of a product residue;

rejecting the container when the physical response of the sample residue does not correlate to the physical response of the product residue;

classifying the rejected containers into definitely rejected containers and suspect containers having an overlapping signal characteristic of product residue; and

reinspecting the suspect containers utilizing at least one additional method of detection to accept or reject the suspect containers by generating an additional physical response from residue in said suspect containers, whereby complex analytical systems for detecting a large number of unknown contaminants is avoided by reducing the analytical problem to the detecting of known and relatively few products whose presence is used to indicate that the container was not contaminated;

the steps of generating physical responses from product residue and sample residues utilizing the first method of detection comprising,

directing electromagnetic energy to the residues from a light source,

measuring the quality and quantity of electromagnetic energy that interacts with the residues,

transmitting signals indicative of the quality and quantity of the electromagnetic energy measured, and

collecting color information about the product and sample residues for at least one discrete, preselected identification wavelength range with a range of 190 to 700 nanometers.

22. The method of claims 20 or 21 wherein the at least one additional method of detection comprises hydrocarbon detection utilizing headspace vapor analysis by a photoionization detection technique.

23. The method of claims 20 or 21 wherein the color information from the physical responses of the product and sample residues is generated utilizing from three to eight discrete, preselected identification wavelength ranges.

24. The method of claim 23 wherein the container rejected is in a product filling line.

25. The method of claims 20 or 21 wherein the at least one additional method comprises utilizing video camera based image processing analysis to inspect the containers for modified opacity due to the presence of contaminants.

21. A method for discriminating between a contaminated and an uncontaminated container from a population of containers which were once filled with product to be consumed comprising the steps of:

collecting color information about the product and sample residues for at least one discrete, preselected identification wavelength range of 190 to 700 nanometers.

26. A method for discriminating between a contaminated and an uncontaminated container from a population of containers which were once filled with product to be consumed comprising the steps of:

generating a signal representative of at least one physical response generated by a sample of product residue utilizing a first method of detection;

generating at least one physical response from a sample residue in each container utilizing the first method of detection;

generating a signal representative of at least one physical response generated by a sample of product residue utilizing a first method of detection;

generating at least one physical response from a residue in each container utilizing the first method of detection;

comparing the physical response of the sample residue with the signal representative of the physical response of a product residue utilizing the first method of detection for a first decision to reject the container when the physical response of the sample residue does not correlate to the physical response of the product residue;

inspecting each container utilizing at least one additional method of detection for a second decision to reject the container;

rejecting the container, when the first decision or the second decision is to reject, whereby complex analytical systems for detecting a large number of unknown contaminants is avoided by reducing the analytical problem to the detecting of known and relatively few products whose presence is used to indicate that the container was not contaminated;

the steps of generating physical responses from product residue and sample residues utilizing the first method of detection comprising,

directing electromagnetic energy to the residues from a light source,

measuring the quality and quantity of electromagnetic energy that interacts with the residues,

transmitting signals indicative of the quality and quantity of the electromagnetic energy measured, and

comparing the physical response of the sample residue with signal representative of the physical response of the product;

rejecting the container when the physical response of the sample residue does not correlate to the physical response of the product residue;

classifying the rejected containers into definitely rejected containers and suspect containers having an overlapping signal characteristic of product residue; and

reinspecting the suspect containers utilizing at least one additional method of detection to accept or reject the suspect containers, whereby complex analytical systems for detecting a large number of unknown contaminants is avoided by reducing the analytical problem to the detection of known and relatively few products whose presence is used to indicate that the container was not contaminated;

the steps of generating physical responses from product and sample residues comprising,

directing electromagnetic energy to the residues,

measuring the quality and quantity of electromagnetic energy that interacts with the product and sample residues,

transmitting signals indicative of the quality and quantity of the electromagnetic energy measured, and

utilizing gas chromatography to measure the quality and quantity of the electromagnetic energy that interacts with the product and sample residues.

28. The method of claims 26 or 27 wherein the at least one additional method of detection comprises hydrocarbon detection utilizing headspace vapor analysis by a photoionization detection technique.

29. The method of claims 26 or 27 wherein the presence of a microorganism indicating the presence of product residue is utilized to indicate that the container was not contaminated.

30. The method of claims 26 or 27 wherein the at least one additional method comprises utilizing video camera based image processing analysis to inspect the containers for modified opacity due to the presence of contaminants.

27. A method for discriminating between a contaminated and an uncontaminated container from a population of containers which were once filled with product to be consumed comprising the steps of:

generating a signal representative of at least one physical response generated by a sample of product residue utilizing a first method of detection;

generating at least one physical response from a sample residue in each container utilizing the first method of detection;

comparing the physical response of the sample residue with signal representative of the physical response of the product utilizing the first method of detection for a first decision to reject the container when the physical response of the sample residue does not correlate to the physical response of the product residue;

inspecting each container utilizing at least one additional method of detection for a second decision to reject the container; and

rejecting the container when the first decision or the second decision is to reject, whereby complex analytical systems for detecting a large number of unknown contaminants is avoided by reducing the analytical problem to the detection of known and relatively few products whose presence is used to indicate that the container was not contaminated;

the steps of generating physical responses from product and sample residues comprising,

directing electromagnetic energy to the residues,

measuring the quality and quantity of electromagnetic energy that interacts with the product and sample residues,

transmitting signals indicative of the quality and quantity of the electromagnetic energy measured, and

utilizing gas chromatography to measure the quality and quantity of the electromagnetic energy that interacts with the product and sample residues.