Spectrometer for measuring the concentration of components in a fluid stream and method for using same
First Claim
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1. A method for in situ measurement of at least one component in a gas stream comprising:
- a) passing radiation through an in situ gas stream,b) selecting at least one wavelength range in which said component absorbs radiation,c) measuring the amount of radiation which passes through said gas stream at a plurality of wavelengths within said selected wavelengths range, andd) calculating the concentration of said component by comparing the difference in the amount of radiation which passes through said gas at two selected points within said selected wavelength range.
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Abstract
A device and method for measuring the concentrations of components of a fluid stream. Preferably, the fluid stream is an in situ gas stream, such as a fossil fuel fired flue gas in a smoke stack. The measurements are determined from the intensity of radiation over a selected range of radiation wavelengths using peak-to-trough calculations. The need for a reference intensity is eliminated.
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Citations
42 Claims
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1. A method for in situ measurement of at least one component in a gas stream comprising:
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a) passing radiation through an in situ gas stream, b) selecting at least one wavelength range in which said component absorbs radiation, c) measuring the amount of radiation which passes through said gas stream at a plurality of wavelengths within said selected wavelengths range, and d) calculating the concentration of said component by comparing the difference in the amount of radiation which passes through said gas at two selected points within said selected wavelength range. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12)
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13. A device for in situ measurement of components in a gas stream comprising:
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a) a radiation source; b) a radiation detection means for measuring radiation transmitted through said gas stream at a plurality of wavelengths within at least one selected wavelength range, c) means for passing radiation from said radiation source through said in situ gas stream before impinging on said radiation detection means, wherein said means comprises components which are positionally fixed during the measuring of said radiation, d) calculation means for determining the concentration of a component in said gas stream by employing the transmitted radiation values obtained for said selected wavelength range to obtain a deference between a maximum transmitted radiation value and a minimum transmitted radiation value within said selected wavelength range and comparing said difference to calibration values obtained by measuring relative transmitted radiation values for gases of known concentration within said selected wavelength range. - View Dependent Claims (14, 15, 16)
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17. A method for calculating the concentration of a component in a fluid comprising:
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a) selecting a wavelength range, wherein said component absorbs radiation at some wavelengths within said wavelength range, b) passing radiation through said fluid, c) measuring the amount of radiation transmitted at wavelengths within said wavelength range, d) determining a first wavelength at which the minimum amount of radiation is transmitted within said wavelength range, e) calculating a base line for said wavelength range, said base line passing through points of relatively high transmitted of radiation values, f) calculating the difference between said base line and said minimum transmitted radiation point at said first wavelength, and g) calculating the concentration of the component based on said difference. - View Dependent Claims (18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26)
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27. A device for determining the concentrations of at least one component in a fluid comprising:
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a) a positionally fixed radiation source; b) a positionally fixed chromator, c) a positionally fixed filter, d) a positionally fixed radiation detection means capable of sensing the intensity of incident radiation within at least one selected wavelength range, and e) means to convert the output from the radiation detection means to a concentration for the desired component based upon a single reading of radiation intensities across said selected wavelength range and using a predetermined calibration curve. - View Dependent Claims (28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37)
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38. A method for measuring the concentration of a component in a sample comprising:
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a) passing radiation through said sample, b) dispersing said radiation in order to generate a spectrum, c) measuring the intensity of a selected wavelength range within said spectrum after said radiation has passed through said sample, d) determining the difference between the maximum transmitted radiation and the minimum transmitted radiation within said selected range, e) calculating the concentration of said component by comparing said difference to previously determined differences for known concentrations. - View Dependent Claims (39, 40)
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41. A method for determining the concentration of NH3, NO and SO2 in a gas stream comprising:
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a) measuring the intensity of radiation passing through the gas stream at wavelengths which correspond to absorption by SO2 between about 2170 Angstroms and about 2200 Angstroms, b) employing peak-to-trough calculations to determine the concentration of SO2, c) determining the spectrum corresponding to the SO2 alone based upon the peak-to-trough calculations and predetermined calibration curves, d) mathematically subtracting the spectrum due to SO2 alone from the overall spectrum, e) measuring the intensity of radiation passing through the gas stream at wavelengths which correspond to absorption by NH3 between about 2040 Angstroms and about 2120 Angstroms, f) employing peak-to-trough calculations to determine the concentration of NH3, g) measuring the intensity of radiation passing through the gas stream at wavelength which corresponds to absorption by NO between about 2200 Angstroms and about 2300 Angstroms, i) employing peak-to-trough calculations to determine the concentration of NO. - View Dependent Claims (42)
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Specification