Oil extrusion process

• US 5,077,071 A
• Filed: 09/06/1989
• Issued: 12/31/1991
• Est. Priority Date: 09/06/1989
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: EPE, Inc. (Enstar Group Ltd.)
• Original Assignee: EPE, Inc. (Enstar Group Ltd.)
• Inventors: Strop, Hans R.
• Primary Examiner(s): Cintins, Marianne
• Assistant Examiner(s): HEGGESTAD, HELEN F
• Application Number:
  US07/403,737
• Time in Patent Office: 846 Days
• Field of Search: 426/417, 426/429, 426/430, 426/601, 426/615, 426/655, 426/662, 260/412.2, 260/412.3
• US Class Current: 426/417
• CPC Class Codes: A23K 10/37 from waste material from hydrolysates of wood or straw A23K10/32; from molasses A23K10/33
• CPC Class Codes: C11B 1/00 Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
• CPC Class Codes: C11B 1/04 of vegetable raw material C11B1/025 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C11B 1/06 by pressing
• CPC Class Codes: C11B 1/102 in counter-current; utilisation of an equipment wherein the material is conveyed by a screw
• CPC Class Codes: C11B 1/16 with steam
• CPC Class Codes: C11B 3/001 by a combination of two or more of the means hereafter
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 60/87 Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

Abstract

A process for extracting oil from oil-bearing materials, such as vegetable oil bearing seeds and plant materials, is disclosed. The process comprises adding crude oil, water and a reagent to the oil-bearing materials to form a slurry. Subsequently, a resultant oil is extracted from the slurry. The process provides for treating the oil-bearing materials in a screw extruder. In addition, the process teaches sparging the slurry with steam to remove impurities contained therein.

A substantially toxic-free feed is obtained by maintaining the oil-bearing materials in acid reagents for about 5 minutes to hydrolyze glucosinolates to carbon dioxide and ammonia. The ammonia and carbon dioxide are subsequently stripped therefrom.

Claims

1. A process for extracting oil from oil-bearing material selected from the group consisting of vegetable oil-bearing seeds and plant materials, the process comprising the steps of:

extracting crude oil from a first oil bearing material;

mixing the crude oil with a second oil bearing material to form a slurry;

adding water to the slurry;

adding a reagent to the slurry, the reagent added to reduce the phospholipid content in the oil extracted from the oil-bearing material; and

,

subsequently extracting a resultant physically refinable oil from the slurry, the product oil corresponding to the oil in the second oil bearing-material.

2. The process according to claim 1 further comprising the step of grinding the slurry.

3. The process according to claim 2 wherein the step of grinding occurs in a grinding mill.

4. The process according to claim 2 wherein the step of grinding occurs in a screw extruder.

5. The process according to claim 1 further comprising the steps of mixing and reacting the slurry.

6. The process according to claim 5 wherein the steps of mixing and reacting occur in a reactor.

7. The process according to claim 6 wherein the reactor is a crew extruder.

8. The process according to claim 6 wherein the reactor is a mixing tank.

9. The process according to claim 1 further comprising the step of heating the slurry.

10. The process according to claim 1 further comprising the step of partially removing the water by evaporation prior to the step of extracting the resultant oil from the slurry.

11. The process according to claim 1 wherein the crude oil is extracted from the first oil-bearing material according to a pressing extraction method.

12. The process according to claim 1 wherein the crude oil is extracted from the first oil-bearing material according to a solvent extraction method.

13. The process according to claim 1 wherein the second oil bearing material is a partially de-oiled oil bearing material.

14. The process according to claim 1 wherein the second oil bearing material is a partially de-oiled oil bearing material, and a portion of the crude oil is crude oil from a conventional process.

15. The process according to claim 1 wherein a portion of the crude oil is crude oil from a conventional process.

16. The process according to claim 1 wherein a portion of the oil bearing material is a partially de-oiled oil bearing material and a portion of the crude oil is crude oil from a conventional process.

17. A process for extracting oil from oil bearing materials selected from the group consisting of oil bearing seeds and plant materials, the process comprising the steps of:

extracting crude oil from first oil bearing materials;

introducing the crude oil into a screw extruder;

introducing second oil bearing materials into the screw extruder;

masticating the second oil bearing materials in the screw extruder;

adding water to the oil bearing materials to form a slurry;

introducing a reagent A to the slurry; and

subsequently extracting resultant physically refinable product oil.

18. The process according to claim 17 further comprising the step of heating the slurry.

19. The process according to claim 17 further comprising the step of partially removing the water from the slurry prior to the step of extracting resultant oil, subsequent to the step of introducing a reagent A, and subsequent to the step of masticating the oil bearing materials.

20. The process according to claim 17 further comprising the step of mixing oil with the slurry.

21. The process according to claim 17 wherein reagent A is a member of the group consisting of (CH₃ CO)₂ O, HOOCCH₂ C(OH) (COOH)-CH₂ COOH-H₂ O, HCl, KCl, NaCl, NaOH, Na₂ HPO₄, KH₂ PO₄, H₃ PO₄, H₂ SO₄, Na₂ B₄ O₇, NH₂ CH₂ COOH, C₄ H₂ O₃ and HCOOH.

22. The process according to claim 17 further comprising the step of adding a second reagent to the mixture.

23. The process according to claim 22 wherein said second reagent includes at least one material selected from the group consisting of ethoxylated fatty alcohol, oleylamine, casein, pancreatin, soy protein, Na-soap, citric acid, sodium citrate, sodium chloride, sodium acetate, sodium sulfate, sodium hydrogen sulfate, trisodium phosphate, EDTA, sodium fluoride, sodium-oxalate, sodium-tartrate, sodium carbonate and sodium pyrophosphate.

24. A process for extracting oil from oil-bearing materials, the process comprising:

extracting crude oil from first oil bearing materials;

providing second oil bearing materials;

adding water and the crude oil to the second oil bearing materials to form a slurry;

adding a first reagent to the slurry to form a resultant mixture;

grinding the resultant mixture;

heating the resultant mixture;

subjecting the mixture to solid-liquid separation;

subsequently extracting a physically refinable resultant oil.

25. The process according to claim 24 wherein the first reagent is selected from the group consisting of (CH₃ CO)₂ O, HOOCCH₂ C(OH) (COOH)-CH₂ COOH-H₂ O, HCl, KCl, NaCl, NaOH, Na₂ HPO₄, KH₂ PO₄, H₃ PO₄, H₂ SO₄, Na₂ B₄ O₇, NH₂ CH₂ COOH, C₄ H₂ O₃ and HCOOH.

26. The process according to claim 24 wherein the step of grinding occurs in a grinding mill.

27. A process for extracting oil from vegetable oil bearing seeds, the process comprising the steps of:

adding feed comprising vegetable oil bearing seeds to a screw extruder at an inlet of the screw extruder;

adding a carrier crude vegetable oil from an extraneous source to the inlet of the screw extruder;

moving the feed and carrier crude vegetable oil from the inlet of the screw extruder to a discharge of the screw extruder;

masticating the feed as it moves through the screw extruder;

increasing the temperature of the feed as it moves from the inlet to the discharge of the extruder;

discharging the feed from the extruder; and

subsequently preparing a slurry.

28. The process of claim 27 further comprising the step of adding a reagent to promote beneficial chemical reactions which cause the crude oil to be physically refinable.

29. The process of claim 28 wherein the reagent is selected from the group A consisting of (CH₃ CO)₂ O, HOOCCH₂ C(OH) (COOH)-CH₂ COOH-H₂ O, HCl, KCl, NaCl, NaOH, Na₂ HPO₄, KH₂ PO₄, H₃ PO₄, H₂ SO₄, Na₂ B₄ O₇, NH₂ CH₂ COOH, C₄ H₂ O₃ and HCOOH.

30. The process of claim 28 wherein the reagent is selected from the group B consisting of ethoxylated fatty alcohol, oleylamine, casein, pancreatin, soy protein, Na-soap, citric acid sodium citrate, sodium chloride, sodium acetate, sodium sulfate, sodium hydrogen sulfate, trisodium phosphate, EDTA, sodium fluoride, sodium-oxalate, sodium-tartrate, sodium carbonate and sodium pyrophosphate.

31. The process of claim 27 wherein the step of preparing a slurry comprises the step of adding oil to the discharged feed.

32. The process of claim 27 further comprising the step of adding water to the feed.

33. A process for extracting oil from oil bearing materials selected from the group consisting of oil-bearing seeds and plant materials, comprising the steps of:

introducing oil-bearing materials into a screw extruder;

adding a carrier oil from an extraneous source to the oil bearing materials;

adjusting the moisture content in the oil bearing materials;

introducing reagent A into the barrel of the screw extruder;

mixing reagent A with the oil bearing materials in the screw extruder;

masticating the oil bearing materials in the barrel of the screw extruder;

chemically reacting the oil bearing materials in the extruder to reduce a phospholipid content thereof; and

,

subsequently subjecting the oil bearing materials to a conventional extraction process to extract a resultant oil from the oil bearing materials.

34. The process of claim 33 wherein the conventional extraction process comprises direct solvent extraction.

35. The process of claim 33 wherein the conventional extraction process comprises mechanical removal of the oil by means of a screw press.

36. The process of claim 33 wherein reagent A is a member of the group consisting of (CH₃ CO)₂ O, HOOCCH₂ C(OH) (COOH)-CH₂ COOH-H₂ O, HCl, KCl, NaCl, NaOH, Na₂ HPO₄, KH₂ PO₄, H₃ PO₄, H₂ SO₄, Na₂ B₄ O₇, NH₂ CH₂ COOH, C₄ H₂ O₃ and HCOOH.

37. The process according to claim 33 further comprising the step of adding a second reagent to the mixture.

38. The process according to claim 37 wherein said second reagent includes at least one material selected from the group consisting of ethoxylated fatty alcohol, oleylamine, casein, pancreatin, soy protein, Na-soap, citric acid, sodium citrate, sodium chloride, sodium acetate, sodium sulfate, sodium hydrogen sulfate, trisodium phosphate, EDTA, sodium fluoride, sodium-oxalate, sodium-tartrate, sodium carbonate and sodium pyrophosphate.

39. A process for producing physically refinable oil low in impurities other than phospholipids from vegetable oil bearing material, comprising the steps of:

adding at least one reagent to reduce the phospholipid content in the vegetable oil extracted from the oil bearing material to form a mixture;

adding oil different than the oil to be produced to the oil bearing material to form a slurry;

heating the slurry;

sparging the slurry with steam or water vapor to remove volatile impurities from the slurry; and

subsequently, producing a physically refinable oil that is low in volatile impurities.

40. The process of claim 39 wherein the step of heating the slurry takes place in an evaporator wherein water vapor is released and the content of volatile impurities in the slurry is reduced as a result of releasing the water vapor.

41. The process of claim 39 wherein the step of sparging comprises distributing steam through the slurry.

42. The process of claim 39 wherein the volatile impurities in the slurry comprise free fatty acids.

43. The process of claim 39 further comprising the step of adding water to the slurry before the step of heating.

44. The process of claim 43 wherein the step of heating the slurry takes place in an evaporator wherein water vapor is released and the content of volatile impurities in the slurry is reduced as a result of releasing the water vapor.

45. The process of claim 43 wherein the step of sparging comprises distributing steam through the slurry.

46. The process of claim 43 wherein the volatile impurities in the slurry comprises free fatty acids.