In-situ tuned microwave oil extraction process

• US 5,082,054 A
• Filed: 08/22/1990
• Issued: 01/21/1992
• Est. Priority Date: 02/12/1990
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Anoosh I. Kiamanesh
• Original Assignee: Anoosh I. Kiamanesh
• Inventors: Kiamanesh, Anoosh I.
• Primary Examiner(s): Suchfield, George A.
• Application Number:
  US07/571,770
• Time in Patent Office: 517 Days
• Field of Search: 166/50, 166/60, 166/65.1, 166/248, 166/250, 166/302, 299/2, 299/14
• US Class Current: 166/248
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 36/04 using electrical heaters
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 43/2401 by means of electricity
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 43/305 comprising at least one inclined or horizontal well
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 49/00 Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells

Abstract

A method of creating a protocol for oil extraction or for enhancing oil extraction from oil reservoirs. A process of devising and applying a customized electromagnetic irradiation protocol to individual reservoirs. Reservoir samples are tested to determine their content, molecular resonance frequencies and the effects of electromagnetic field on their compounds. Electromagnetic field frequencies, intensities, wave forms and durations necessary to heat and/or crack individual molecules and produce plasma torches is determined. Equipment are selected and installed according to the results of the laboratory tests and the geophysics of the mine. Dielectric constant of the formation is reduced by draining the water and drying it with electromagnetic energy. A combination of the effects of microwave flooding, plasma torch activation, molecular cracking and selective heating are used to heat the oil within the reservoir, by controlling frequency, intensity, duration, direction and wave form of the electromagnetic field. Conditions of there servoir are continuously monitored during production to act as feedback for modification of the irradiation protocol.

Claims

1. An in-situ method for partially refining and extracting petroleum from a petroleum bearing reservoir by irradiation of the reservoir with electromagnetic energy of high frequency of mainly microwave region, comprising:

(a) ascertaining geophysical data and water content of the petroleum bearing reservoir;

(b) taking at least one core sample of the reservoir;

(c) testing the core sample to determine the respective amounts of constituent hydrocarbons in the petroleum, the molecular resonance frequencies of the respective constituent hydrocarbons, and the change in properties and responses of the respective constituent hydrocarbons to various frequencies, intensities, durations and wave forms of electromagnetic field energy applied to the hydrocarbons;

(d) developing a strategy for the application of electromagnetic energy to a selected constituent hydrocarbon or group of constituent hydrocarbons in the reservoir based on the results of the core sample tests and the geophysical data and water content of the reservoir;

(e) excavating at least one canal or well in the reservoir for draining water from the reservoir and collecting hydrocarbons from the reservoir;

(f) generating electromagnetic waves of mainly microwave frequency range and deploying the electromagnetic waves to the reservoir to irradiate a selected constituent hydrocarbon or a group of constituent hydrocarbons within the reservoir and thereby produce one or more of microwave flooding, plasma torch, molecular cracking and selective heating of the pre-determined hydrocarbon or group of constituent hydrocarbons in the reservoir, to increase temperature and reduce viscosity of the selected constituent hydrocarbon or groups of constituent hydrocarbons in the reservoir so that they flow into the underground canal or well; and

(g) removing the treated selected constituent hydrocarbon or group of constituent hydrocarbons from the canal or well.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the developed strategy includes reducing the dielectric constant of the hydrocarbon in the reservoir to increase the depth of penetration of microwaves by draining water and by irradiating the reservoir with microwaves from a microwave source within the reservoir to dry water nearest the microwave source, and sequentially continue this method to the next closest region to the microwave source, until such time that as the dielectric constant of a significant portion of the reservoir is reduced and greater depth of penetration of microwaves in the reservoir is achieved.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein electromagnetic waves of a predetermined substantially pure frequency corresponding to the molecular resonance frequency of a constituent hydrocarbon within the reservoir as determined by the core testing, are generated, and with a controlled intensity corresponding to such frequency.

5. The method of claim 4 wherein the predetermined substantially pure frequency and intensity correspond to the molecular resonance frequency and intensity at which the selected constituent hydrocarbon molecular cracking.

6. The method of claim 4 wherein the predetermined substantially pure frequency and intensity correspond to the molecular resonance frequency and intensity at which the selected constituent hydrocarbon within the reservoir enters an exothermic plasma phase.

7. The method of claim 4 Wherein microwaves of at least one pre-determined frequency are generated to heat a selected hydrocarbon, thereby increasing its temperature and lowering its viscosity.

8. The method of claim 7 wherein irradiation microwaves are directionally controlled by a parabolic or directional antenna to provide selective heating of selected regions of the reservoir.

9. The method of claim 4 wherein the intensity, duration and direction of irradiation of at least one high intensity microwave of a frequency corresponding to the molecular resonance frequency of at least one selected constituent hydrocarbon within the reservoir is controlled to initiate a plasma torch effect in pre-determined locations within the reservoir.

10. The method of claim 9 wherein at least two high intensity microwaves are generated from separate microwave sources and focused on a selected region of the reservoir, the union of the irradiation from the two sources producing a high energy zone in the reservoir where plasma torches are activated.

11. The method of claim 1 wherein the duration, intensity and frequency of the microwaves is controlled to initially lower the viscosity of heavier selected constituent hydrocarbons in the reservoir, and subsequently heat lighter selected constituent hydrocarbon in the reservoir to produce high pressure gaseous compounds which generate a pressure gradient that moves the heavier selected constituent hydrocarbons into the well or canal.

12. The method of claim 1 wherein the testing includes spectrometry of the constituent hydrocarbons in the reservoir to determine the molecular resonance frequencies of the hydrocarbons.

13. The method of claim 1 wherein the testing involves exposing the core sample to an electromagnetic field of mainly microwave frequency range to determine chemical reactions and byproducts of the constituent hydrocarbons.

14. The method of claim 1 wherein the testing determines the frequency, intensity and wave form variation that induces molecular cracking of the hydrocarbons within the core sample.

15. The method of claim 1 wherein at least one electromagnetic wave generator above the reservoir generates the electromagnetic waves, the generator converting low frequency electrical energy to high frequency electromagnetic energy, and the electromagnetic energy is transferred to the reservoir by wave guides and reflectors to irradiate the selected constituent hydrocarbons in the reservoir.

16. The method of claim 1 wherein the electromagnetic waves are generated by a generator which transfers low frequency electrical energy to a down hole device which converts the energy to high frequency electromagnetic energy to irradiate selected constituent hydrocarbons in the reservoir.

17. The method of claim 1 wherein the electromagnetic waves are generated by a plurality of low power microwave generators which are placed in one or more groups above the reservoir or in a well to irradiate selected constituent hydrocarbons in the reservoir.

18. The method of claim 1 wherein the area above the reservoir is covered by microwave reflective foil to reflect the electromagnetic radiation to the reservoir.

19. The method of claim 1 wherein two adjacent networks of electromagnetic irradiation are generated by two separate groups of microwave generators and the networks are utilized to have a cumulative effect.

20. The method of claim 1 wherein the reservoir is a tar sands deposit.

21. The method of claim 1 wherein the reservoir is an oil shale reservoir.

22. The method of claim 1 wherein the reservoir is a partially depleted petroleum reservoir.

3. The method of claim wherein the developed strategy includes controlling the intensity, direction and duration of the generated electromagnetic wave irradiation with frequencies corresponding to the molecular resonance frequencies of selected constituent hydrocarbons in the reservoir, to thereby heat the hydrocarbons within the reservoir so that the hydrocarbons nearest the source of irradiation are heated and are evaporated or experience reduced viscosity so that the hydrocarbons flow into the collection canal or well under vapour pressure or gravity.

23. An in-situ method for partially refining and extracting petroleum from a petroleum bearing reservoir by irradiation of the reservoir with electromagnetic energy of high frequency of mainly microwave region, comprising:

(a) ascertaining geophysical data and water content of the petroleum bearing reservoir;

(b) taking at least one core sample of the reservoir;

(c) testing the core sample to determine the respective amounts of constituent hydrocarbons in the petroleum, the molecular resonance frequencies of the respective constituent hydrocarbons, and the change in properties and responses of the respective constituent hydrocarbons to various frequencies, intensities, durations and wave forms of electromagnetic field energy applied to the hydrocarbons;

(d) developing a strategy for the application of electromagnetic energy to a selected constituent hydrocarbon or group of constituent hydrocarbons in the reservoir based on the results of the core sample tests and the geophysical data and water content of the reservoir;

(e) excavating at least one canal or well in the reservoir;

(f) draining water from the reservoir to reduce the dielectric constant of the hydrocarbon in the reservoir thereby increasing the depth of penetration of microwaves which are subsequently directed to the reservoir;

(g) generating electromagnetic waves of mainly microwave frequency range and deploying the electromagnetic waves to he reservoir to irradiate a selected constituent hydrocarbon or a group of constituent hydrocarbons within the reservoir and thereby produce one or more of microwave flooding, plasma torch, molecular cracking and selective heating of the pre-determined hydrocarbon or group of constituent in the reservoir, to increase temperature and reduce viscosity of the selected constituent hydrocarbon or group of constituent hydrocarbons in the reservoir so that they flow into the underground canal or well; and

(h) removing the treated selected constituent hydrocarbon or group of constituent hydrocarbons from the canal or well.

24. An in-situ method for partially refining and extracting petroleum from a petroleum bearing reservoir by irradiation of the reservoir with electromagnetic energy of high frequency of mainly microwave region, comprising:

(a) ascertaining geophysical data and water content of the petroleum bearing reservoir;

(b) taking at least one core sample of the reservoir;

(c) testing the core sample to determine the respective amounts of constituent hydrocarbons in the petroleum, the molecular resonance frequencies of the respective constituent hydrocarbons, and the change in properties and response of the respective constituent hydrocarbons to various frequencies, intensities, durations and wave forms of electromagnetic field energy applied to the hydrocarbons;

(d) developing a strategy for the application of electromagnetic energy to a selected constituent hydrocarbon or group of constituent hydrocarbons in the reservoir based on the results of the core sample tests and the geophysical data and water content of the reservoir;

(e) excavating at least one canal or well in the reservoir for draining water from the reservoir and collecting hydrocarbons from the reservoir

(f) covering an area above the reservoir with microwave reflective foil to reflect electromagnetic radiation to the reservoir;

(g) generating electromagnetic waves of mainly microwave frequency range and deploying the electromagnetic waves to the reservoir to irradiate a selected constituent hydrocarbon or a group of constituent hydrocarbons within the reservoir and thereby produce one or more of microwave flooding, plasma torch, molecular cracking and selective heating of the selected constituent hydrocarbon or group of constituent hydrocarbons in the reservoir, to increase temperature and reduce viscosity of the selected constituent hydrocarbon or group of constituent hydrocarbons in the reservoir so that they flow into the underground canal or well; and

(h) removing the treated selected constituent hydrocarbon or group of constituent hydrocarbons from the canal or well.

25. An in-situ method for partially refining and extracting petroleum from a petroleum bearing reservoir by irradiation of the reservoir with electromagnetic energy of high frequency of mainly microwave region, comprising:

(a) ascertaining geophysical data and water content of the petroleum bearing reservoir;

(b) taking at least one core sample of the reservoir;

(c) testing the core sample to determine the amount of a selected constituent hydrocarbon contained in the petroleum;

(d) determining the molecular resonance frequency of the selected constituent hydrocarbon;

(e) developing a strategy for the application of electromagnetic energy to the selected constituent hydrocarbon in the reservoir based on the results of the core sample tests and the geophysical data and water content of the reservoir;

(f) excavating at least one canal or well in the reservoir for collecting the selected hydrocarbon from the reservoir;

(g) generating electromagnetic waves having a frequency generally identical to the molecular resonance frequency of the selected constituent hydrocarbon and deploying the electromagnetic waves to the reservoir to irradiate a selected constituent hydrocarbon within the reservoir and thereby producing one or more of microwave flooding, plasma torch, molecular cracking and selective heating of the selected hydrocarbon in the reservoir, thereby increasing a temperature and reducing a viscosity of the selected constituent hydrocarbon in the reservoir so that it flows into the underground canal or well; and

(h) removing the selected constituent hydrocarbon from the canal or well.