Fiber optic detector for immuno-testing

• US 5,082,630 A
• Filed: 04/30/1990
• Issued: 01/21/1992
• Est. Priority Date: 04/30/1990
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: United States Department of Energy
• Original Assignee: United States Department of Energy
• Inventors: Ward, Thomas E., Partin, Judy K., Grey, Alan E.
• Primary Examiner(s): Rosen, Sam
• Assistant Examiner(s): Chin, Christopher L.
• Application Number:
  US07/516,590
• Time in Patent Office: 631 Days
• Field of Search: 422/82.05-82.08, 422/82.11, 422/83, 422/84, 422/85, 422/86, 422/88, 436/518, 436/527, 436/546, 436/800, 436/900, 436/901, 356/317, 356/318, 356/417, 356/38, 356/437, 128/634
• US Class Current: 422/83
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2021/6434 Optrodes
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2021/7736 exposed, cladding free
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2021/7786 Fluorescence
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/6428 Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes" in vivo A61B5/00; immunoassay G01N33/53
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/648 using evanescent coupling or surface plasmon coupling for the excitation of fluorescence
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/7703 using reagent-clad optical fibres or optical waveguides using measurement of total internal reflection or attenuated total reflection G01N21/552; optical fibres or waveguides per se G02B
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2201/0221 Portable; cableless; compact; hand-held
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/54373 involving physiochemical end-point determination, e.g. wave-guides, FETS, gratings
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/946 CNS-stimulants, e.g. cocaine, amphetamines
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/9486 Analgesics, e.g. opiates, aspirine

Abstract

A portable fiber optic detector that senses the presence of specific target chemicals in air or a gas by exchanging the target chemical for a fluoroescently-tagged antigen that is bound to an antibody which is in turn attached to an optical fiber. Replacing the fluorescently-tagged antigen reduces the fluorescence so that a photon sensing detector records the reduced light level and activates an appropriate alarm or indicator.

Claims

1. A fiber optic detector apparatus for use in detecting specific molecular compounds in air, comprising:

a. a chamber containing at least one photon sensing device;

b. a clear tube within the chamber having an entry aperture and an exit aperture;

c. an optical fiber within said clear tube, at least a portion of said fiber having adhered thereto a quantity of antibodies specific for said molecular compound, and antigens affixed to the antibodies having a fluorescent compound affixed thereto;

d. air evacuation means connected to the exit aperture;

which draws gas from the entry aperture to the exit aperture;

e. a filtered light source directing light into the optical fiber; and

f. an electronic package connected to the photon sensing device comprising power supply and alarm means, such that when a change in fluorescence is detected by the photon sensing device, the alarm means is activated.

2. The apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein the photon sensing device comprises a detector photodiode and a reference photodiode.

3. The apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein the chamber is a sphere having a reflecting inner surface.

4. The apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein said antibodies are adhered to the optical fiber by applying to the optical fiber a chemical reagent selected from the group consisting of 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethyoxysilane, and 3-carboxypropyltrimethoxysilane and then a protein.

5. The apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein the specific molecular compound comprises a drug selected from the group consisting of heroin, cocaine and tetrahydrocannabinol.

6. The apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein the fluorescent compound is selected from the group consisting of fluorescein and rhodamine.

9. The apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein the chamber is a sphere having a reflecting inner surface.

7. A fiber optic detector apparatus for use in detecting illegal drugs in air, comprising:

a. a chamber containing at least one photon sensing device;

which draws gas from the entry aperture to the exit aperture;

b. a clear tube within the chamber having an entry aperture and an exit aperture;

c. an optical fiber within said clear tube having a quantity of antibodies adhered thereto, said antibodies specific to the illegal drug to be detected;

d. fluorescently-tagged antigens affixed to the antibodies;

e. vacuum means connected to the exit aperture;

f. a filtered light source directing light into the optical fiber;

g. an electronic package connected to the photon sensing device comprising power supply and alarm means, such that when a change in fluorescence is detected by the photon sensing device, the alarm means is activated.

8. The apparatus as recited in claim 7, wherein the photon sensing device comprises a detector photodiode and a reference photodiode.

10. The apparatus as recited in claim 7, wherein the antibodies are adhered to the optic fiber with a chemical reagent selected from the group consisting of 3-aminopropyltrimethyoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethyloxysilane and 3-carboxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and thereafter applying Protein A from Staphylococcus aureus.

11. The apparatus as recited in claim 10, wherein the chemical reagent is 3-aminopropyltrimethyoxysilane and the fluorescently-tagged antigen is tagged with fluorescein.

12. The apparatus as recited in claim 7, wherein the drugs detected are selected from the group comprising cocaine, heroin and tetrahydrocannabinol.

13. The apparatus as recited in claim 7, wherein the sphere further comprises a baffle to prevent direct impingement onto the photon sensing device of the fluorescent light from the optical fiber.

14. The apparatus as recited in claim 11, wherein the electronic package comprises a power supply, a light source, a focusing lens, vacuum means, and connections to the clear tube.