Apparatus for recording an audio signal with protection against re-recording thereof, and recording apparatus which indicates the presence of such protection

• US 5,083,224 A
• Filed: 03/15/1990
• Issued: 01/21/1992
• Est. Priority Date: 04/14/1989
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: US Philips Corporation (Koninklijke Philips N.V.)
• Original Assignee: US Philips Corporation (Koninklijke Philips N.V.)
• Inventors: Lokhoff, Gerardus, Hoogendoorn, Abraham
• Primary Examiner(s): Canney, Vincent P.
• Application Number:
  US07/495,017
• Time in Patent Office: 677 Days
• Field of Search: 360/60, 380/4
• US Class Current: 360/60
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/00086 Circuits for prevention of unauthorised reproduction or copying, e.g. piracy indicating unauthorised use of record carriers in general G11B23/28; scrambling for television signal recording H04N5/913; network architectures or network protocols for network security H04L63/00; cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communication H04L9/00
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/00884 involving a watermark, i.e. a barely perceptible transformation of the original data which can nevertheless be recognised by an algorithm
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/00891 embedded in audio data

Abstract

Low-frequency components of the left and right channels of the audio signal to be recorded are derived by means of filters (3, 4). First and second auxiliary signals are added to such low-frequency components in such a way that during reproduction of the audio signal so recorded, including the first and the second auxiliary signals added thereto, by means of two loudspeaker units arranged in a stereo configuration, the two auxiliary signals are not audible. However, they will inhibit re-recording by apparatus for recording audio signals which are not copy-protected in the form of the aforesaid two auxiliary signals, or will cause such apparatus to indicate that the audio signal to be re-recorded is protected.

Claims

1. Apparatus for recording on a record carrier an audio signal comprising a left-hand and a right-hand channel, which apparatus has a first and a second input terminal for receiving the left-hand and the right-hand channel respectively, said first and said second input terminal being coupled respectively to a first and a second input respectively of the recording unit to record the signals applied to its inputs on the record carrier;

characterized in that;

the first and the second input terminal are coupled to an input of a first and a second filter respectively, which filters are adapted to extract a first and a second low-frequency signal component from the left-hand and the right-hand channel respectively and to apply the first and the second low-frequency signal component to an output;

the output of the first filter is coupled to an input of a first signal-processing unit and the output of the second filter is coupled to an input of the second signal-processing unit;

the outputs of the first and the second signal-processing unit are coupled to the first input and the second input respetively of the recording unit;

the first signal-processing unit is adapted to add a first auxiliary signal to the signal applied to its input and to supply the signal thus processed to its output, and the second signal-processing unit is adapted to add a second auxiliary signal to the signal applied to its input and to supply the signal thus processed to its output; and

the first and second auxiliary signals being such that during reproduction of the audio signal, including the first and the second auxiliary signal added thereto, via two loudspeaker units arranged in a stereo configuration, the auxiliary signals are substantially inaudible to a listener.

6. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the signal-processing units are adapted to determine the amplitude of the input signals applied to their inputs and are adapted to add auxiliary signals to said input signals in such a way that in the case of an increasing or decreasing amplitude of an input signal the amplitude of the auxiliary signal to be added also increases or decreases respectively.

7. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the outputs of the first and the second filter are coupled to a first and a second input of a signal combination unit which has an output coupled to the inputs of the two signal processing units.

8. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that:

the first signal-processing unit is adapted to amplify the signal applied to its input, in cycles of two successive time intervals T₁ and T₂, by values substantially equal to 1+a and 1-a respectively; and

the second signal processing unit is adapted to amplify the signal applied to its input, in cycles in similar time intervals T₁ and T₂, by values substantially equal to 1-a and 1+a respectively;

a being a constant smaller than 1.

9. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the first signal-processing unit is adapted to shift the phase substantially equal to the signal applied to its input by a value of α

° and

the second signal-processing unit is adapted to shift the phase of the signal applied to its input by a value substantially equal to -α

°

.

10. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the signal processing units are adapted to add and subsequently not to add the auxiliary signal to the signals applied to their outputs in cycles of two successive time interavals T_A and T_B.

11. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, further characterized in that:

the first input terminal is further coupled to a third filter and the second input terminal is coupled to a fourth filter, the third and the fourth filters being adapted to extract a second higher-frequency signal component from the left-hand and the right-hand channel respectively; and

an output of the third and the fourth filter is coupled respectively to a third and a fourth input of the recording unit to record the signal components of higher frequency of the left-hand and the right-hand channel on the record carrier.

12. Apparatus as claimed in claim 11, further comprising an encoder for subband coding of a digital audio signal of a given sampling rate 1/T, characterized in that:

the first and the third filter are coupled to first analysis-filter means and the second and the fourth filter are coupled to second analysis-filter means which are responsive to the left-hand and the right-hand channel respectively to generate a plurality P of subband signals;

the analysis-filter means being adapted to divide the audio signal band of each of the signal channels with sampling-rate reduction into successive subbands having band numbers p (1≦

p≦

p and p≧

2), which band numbers increase as the frequency increases; and

the P outputs of the first and the second analysis-filter means are coupled to associated inputs of the recording unit to record the P subband signals on the record carrier.

13. A record carrier on which an audio signal composed of a left-hand and a right-hand channel is recorded by means of an apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that a first auxiliary signal is added to a low-frequency signal component of the left-hand channel;

a second auxiliary signal is added to a low-frequency signal component of the right-hand channel; and

the first and the second auxiliary signal are such that during reproduction of the audio signal recorded on the second carrier, including the first and the second auxiliary signals added thereto, via two loudspeaker units arranged in a stereo configuration, said signals are substantially inaudible to a listener.

2. Apparatus for recording on a record carrier an audio signal comprising a left-hand and a right-hand channel, which apparatus has a first and a second input terminal for receiving the left-hand and the right-hand channel respectively, said first and said second input terminal being coupled respectively to a first and a second input of a recording unit to record the signals applied to its inputs on the record carrier, characterized in that:

the first and the second input terminal are coupled to an input of a first and a second filter respectively, the first and the second filter being adapted to extract a first and a second low frequency signal component respectively from the left-hand and the right-hand channel respectively and to supply the first and the second low-frequency signal component to an output;

the output of at least one of the two filters is coupled to an input of a detector unit adapted to detect the presence of an auxiliary signal in the low-frequency signal component of at least one of the two signal channels and to generate a control signal upon detection of the auxiliary signal and supply the control signal to an output; and

the output of the detector unit is coupled to a control-signal input of the recording unit, the recording unit being adapted to inhibit recording in the presence of the control signal and to record the audio signal in the absence of the control signal.

4. Apparatus as claimed in claim 2, further characterized in that:

the output of the first filter is coupled to an input of a first signal-processing unit and the output of the second filter is coupled to an input of a second signal-processing unit, the outputs of the first and the second signal-processing unit being respectively coupled to the first and the second input of the recording unit, the first signal-processing unit being adapted to add a first auxiliary signal to the signal applied to its input and to supply the signal thus processed to its output, and the second signal-processing unit being adapted to add a second auxiliary signal to the signal applied to its input and to supply the signal thus processeed to its output;

the apparatus is adapted to optionally add in the absence of the control signal the first and the second auxiliary signal to the audio signal applied to its input terminals and to supply the audio signal, thus processed or not, to the inputs of the recording unit;

the first and the second auxiliary signal being such that during reproduction of the audio signal, including the first and the second auxiliary signal added thereto, via two loudspeaker units arranged in a stereo configuration, said auxiliary signals are substantially inaudible to a listener.

5. Apparatus as claimed in claim 2, further characterized in that:

the output of the first filter is coupled to an input of a first signal processing unit, the output of the second filter device is coupled to an input of a second signal processing unit, and the outputs of the first and the second signal processing unit are coupled to the first and the second input of the recording unit;

the first signal-processing unit is adapted to add a first auxiliary signal to the signal applied to its input and to supply the signal thus processed to its output, and the second signal-processing unit is adapted to add a second auxiliary signal to the signal applied to its input and to supply the signal thus processed to its output;

the apparatus is adapted to add, in the absence of the control signal, the first and the second auxiliary signal to the audio signal applied to its input terminals and to supply the audio signal thus processed to the inputs of the recording unit;

the first and the second auxiliary signal being such that during reproduction of the audio signal, including the first and the second auxiliary signal added thereto, via two loudspeaker units arranged in a stereo configuration, said auxiliary signals are substantially inaudible to a listener.

3. Apparatus for recording on a record carrier an audio signal comprising a left-hand and a right-hand channel, which apparatus has a first and a second input terminal for receiving the left-hand and the right hand channel respectively, said first and said second input terminal being coupled respectively to a first and a second input of a recording unit to record the signals applied to its inputs on the record carrier, characterized in that:

the first and the second input terminal are coupled to an input of a first and a second filter respectively, the first and the second filter filters being adapted to extract a first and a second low-frequency signal component from the left-hand and the right-hand channel respectively and to supply the first and the second low-frequency signal component to an output;

the output of at least one of the two filters is coupled to an input of a detector unit adapted to detect the presence of an auxiliary signal in the low-frequency signal component of at least one of the two channels and to generate a control signal upon detection of the auxiliary signal,, and to supply the control signal to an output; and

the output of the detector unit is coupled to a signalling unit which is adapted to indicate that in the presence of the control signal the audio signal to be recorded is an audio signal which includes the auxiliary signal.

14. Apparatus as claimed in claim 3, further characterized in that:

the output of the first filter is coupled to an input of a first signal-processing unit and the output of the second filter is coupled to an input of a second signal-processing unit;

the output of the first and the second signal-processing unit are coupled to the first and the second input of the recording unit, the first signal-processing unit being adapted to add a first auxiliary signal to the signal applied to its input and to supply the signal thus processed to its output, and the second signal-processing unit being adapted to add a second auxiliary signal to the signal applied to its input and to supply the signal thus processed to its output;

the apparatus is adapted to optionally add in the absence of the control signal the first and the second auxiliary signal to the audio signal applied to its input terminals and to supply the audio signal, thus processed or not, to the inputs of the recording unit;

the first and the second auxiliary signal being such that during reproduction of the audio signal, including the first and the second auxiliary signal added thereto, via two loudspeaker units arranged in a stereo configuration, said auxiliary signals are substantially inaudible to a listener.

15. Apparatus as claimed in claim 14, further characterized in that the signal-processing units are adapted to determine the amplitude of the input signals applied to their inputs and to add auxiliary signals to said input signals in such a way that in the case of an increasing or decreasing amplitude of an input signal the amplitude of the auxiliary signal to be added also increases or decreases respectively.

16. Apparatus as claimed in claim 14, characterized in that the outputs of the first and the second filter device are respectively coupled to a first and a second input of a signal combination unit which has an output coupled to the inputs of the two signal processing units.

17. Apparatus as claimed in claim 14, further characterized in that:

the first signal-processing unit is adapted to amplify the signal applied to its input, in cycles of two successive time intervals T₁ and T₂, by values substantially equal to 1+a and 1-a respectively; and

the second signal processing unit is adapted to amplify the signal applied to its input, in cycles of similar time intervals T₁ and T₂, by values substantially equal to 1-a and 1+a respectively;

a being a constant smaller than 1.

18. Apparatus as claimed in claim 14, further characterized in that the first signal-processing unit is adapted to shift the phase of the signal applied to its input by a value of α

° and

the second signal-processing unit is adapted to shift the phase of the signal applied to its input by a value substantially equal to -α

°

.

19. Apparatus as claimed in claim 3, further characterized in that:

the output of the first filter is coupled to an input of a first signal processing unit and the output of the second filter is coupled to an input of a second signal processing unit, outputs of the first and the second signal processing unit being respectively coupled to the first and the second input of the recording unit;

the first signal-processing unit is adapted to add a first auxiliary signal to the signal applied to its input and to supply the signal thus processed to its output, and the second signal-processing unit is adapted to add a second auxiliary signal to the signal applied to its input and to supply the signal thus processed to its output;

the apparatus is adapted to add, the in absence of the control signal, the first and the second auxiliary signal to the audio signal applied to its input terminals and to supply the audio signal thus processed to the inputs of the recording unit; and

the first and the second auxiliary signal are such that during reproduction of the audio signal, including the first and the second auxiliary signal added thereto, via two loudspeaker units arranged in a stero configuration, said auxiliary signals are substantially inaudible to a listener.

20. Apparatus as claimed in claim 19, characterized in that the signal-processing units to determine the amplitude of the input signals applied to their inputs and are adapted to add auxiliary signals to said input signals in such a way that in the case of an increasing or decreasing amplitude of an input signal the amplitude of the auxiliary signal to be added also increases or decreases respectively.

21. Apparatus as claimed in claim 19, characterized in that the outputs of the first and the second filter are respectively coupled to a first and a second input of a signal combination unit which has an output coupled to the inputs of the two signal processing units.

22. Apparatus as claimed in claim 19, characterized in that:

the first signal-processing unit is adapted to amplify the signal applied to its input, in cycles of two successive time intervals T₁ and T₂, by values substantially equal to 1+a and 1-a respectively; and

the second signal processing unit is adapted to amplify the signal applied to its input, in cycles of similar time intervals T₁ and T₂, by values substantially equal to 1-a and 1+a respectively;

a being a constant smaller than 1.

23. Apparatus as claimed in claim 19, characterized in that the first signal-processing unit is adapted to shift the phase of the signal applied to its input by a value of α

° and

the second signal-processing unit is adapted to shift the phase of the signal applied to its input by a value substantially equal to -α

°

.