Automated manufacturing system using thin sections

• US 5,088,047 A
• Filed: 10/16/1989
• Issued: 02/11/1992
• Est. Priority Date: 10/16/1989
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: David K. Bynum
• Original Assignee: David K. Bynum
• Inventors: Bynum, David K.
• Primary Examiner(s): RUGGIERO, JOSEPH F
• Application Number:
  US07/421,840
• Time in Patent Office: 848 Days
• Field of Search: 364/474.24, 364/468, 364/473, 264/22, 264/308, 264/24, 264/40.1, 264/241, 264/255, 425/174, 425/174.4, 156/58, 156/59, 156/62.2, 156/272.2, 156/272.4, 156/272.6, 156/272.8, 156/273.1, 156/273.3, 156/273.5, 156/275.5, 156/275.7, 156/378, 156/379.6 , 156/379.8, 156/64, 427/43.1, 427/54.1, 430/269, 430/270, 430/945
• US Class Current: 700/182
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 10/20 Direct sintering or melting
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 64/141 using only solid materials
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 64/147 using sheet material, e.g. laminated object manufacturing [LOM] or laminating sheet material precut to local cross sections of the 3D object
• CPC Class Codes: B33Y 10/00 Processes of additive manufacturing
• CPC Class Codes: B33Y 30/00 Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
• CPC Class Codes: B33Y 50/02 for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
• CPC Class Codes: G03F 7/0037 Production of three-dimensional images
• CPC Class Codes: G03F 7/70416 2.5D lithography
• CPC Class Codes: G03G 15/224 Machines for forming tactile or three dimensional images by electrographic means, e.g. braille, 3d printing
• CPC Class Codes: G05B 19/4099 Surface or curve machining, making 3D objects, e.g. desktop manufacturing
• CPC Class Codes: G05B 2219/49011 Machine 2-D slices, build 3-D model, laminated object manufacturing LOM
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 10/25 Process efficiency
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 90/02 Total factory control, e.g. smart factories, flexible manufacturing systems [FMS] or integrated manufacturing systems [IMS]

Abstract

A method for automatically manufacturing objects directly from computer aided design, whereby the computer programming electronically sections the designed object into many thin planar sections which are physically reproduced as laminae formed from sheet materials or powders by one of the embodiments of the invention. The thin planar laminae thus formed are bonded to form a sandwich creating the object as designed.

Claims

1. A system for manufacturing a three-dimensional object directly from design that comprises:

a. means for receiving electronic sectional data corresponding to an electronic representation of the object to be manufactured;

b. means for exposing a charged electro-photographic element with an electromagnetic radiation pattern corresponding to said electronic section to form an electrostatic latent image on said electrophotographic element;

c. means for applying a plurality of forming powders to said electrostatic latent image contained on said electrophotographic element to form a physical lamina;

d. means for transferring said physical lamina to an intermediate support;

e. means for causing said physical lamina to become tacky;

f. means for transferring and bonding said physical lamina to previously formed laminae, and building up a physical replication of said object in a step-wise fashion whereby the three dimensional object is auto-matically formed from a composite of laminae.

2. The system as set forth in claim 1, wherein said means for causing said physical lamina to become tacky is applied heat.

3. The system as set forth in claim 1, wherein said means for causing said physical lamina to become tacky is an applied solvent vapor.

4. The system as set forth in claim 1, wherein said means for causing said physical lamina to become tacky is induction heating.

5. The system as set forth in claim 4, further including a surface, a plurality of forming powder areas, supported on said surface, each comprising a layer of meltable forming powder, each of a different thermal melting point, said forming powders comprising a plurality of finely divided metal flakes disbursed within, said forming powders of a relatively higher melting point containing proportionately a higher percentage of said metal flakes than forming powders of a relatively lower melting point, whereby said induction heating means by induction heating of said metal flakes induces more rapid heating in said forming powder comprised of a higher percentage of said metal flakes causing all of said forming powder areas to reach their respective melting points and thus to become tacky, substantially at the same time.

6. The system as set forth in claim 1, wherein said forming powders that are used to from said physical lamina, are thermoplastic polymers.

7. The system as set forth in claim 1, wherein a plurality of forming powders are used to form said lamina, each of said forming powders with a different physical property.

8. A system for manufacturing a three-dimensional object directly from design whereby planar slices of the design of said three-dimensional object are sequentially formed and joined to create a replica of the design of said three-dimensional object, said system comprising:

a. means for deriving graphic image data output defining successive adjacent cross-sections of the design of said three-dimensional object to be manufactured;

b. a sheet of curable polymer;

c. means for spraying a pattern of catalyst or hardener upon said sheet of curable polymer initiating a curing process, said pattern corresponding to said graphic image data, whereby said sheet of curable polymer is selectively cured to form a physical lamina corresponding to said graphic image data;

d. means for moving said lamina relative to the forming means;

e. means for transferring and joining said physical lamina to previously formed laminae as they are formed and building up a physical replication of said design of said three-dimensional object in a step-wise fashion whereby said three-dimensional object is automatically formed from a composite of laminae.

9. An automated manufacturing system using thin sections comprising:

a. means for deriving graphic image data output, said graphic image data defining successive adjacent cross-sections of a three-dimensional object to be manufactured;

b. means for exposing a charged electro-photographic element with an electromagnetic radiation pattern corresponding to said graphic image data, to form an electrostatic latent image on said electrophotographic element;

c. means for applying a plurality of forming powders to said electrostatic latent image contained on said electro-photographic element to form a physical lamina;

d. means for moving said physical lamina relative to the forming means;

e. means for causing said physical lamina to become tacky;

f. means for transferring said physical lamina to previously formed laminae;

g. means for joining said laminae as they are formed and building up a physical replication of said object in a step-wise fashion whereby said three-dimensional object is automatically formed from a composite of laminae.

10. The manufacturing system as set forth in claim 9, wherein said means for causing said physical lamina to become tacky is applied heat.

11. The manufacturing system as set forth in claim 9, wherein said means for causing said physical lamina to become tacky is an applied solvent vapor.

12. The manufacturing system as set forth in claim 9, wherein said means for causing said physical lamina to become tacky is induction heating.

13. The manufacturing system as set forth in claim 12, further including a surface, a plurality of forming powder areas, supported on said surface, each comprising a layer of meltable forming powder, each of a different thermal melting point, said forming powders comprising a plurality of finely divided metal flakes disbursed within, said forming powders of a relatively higher melting point containing proportionately a higher percentage of said metal flakes than forming powders of a relatively lower melting point, whereby said induction heating means by induction heating of said metal flakes induces more rapid heating in said forming powder comprised of a higher percentage of said metal flakes causing all of said forming powder areas to reach their respective melting points and thus to become tacky, substantially at the same time.

14. The manufacturing system as set forth in claim 9, wherein a plurality of forming powders are used to form said lamina, each of said forming powders with a different physical property.