Ultrasonic energy detector with frequency and amplitude indications and background noise reduction

• US 5,089,997 A
• Filed: 11/02/1990
• Issued: 02/18/1992
• Est. Priority Date: 11/02/1990
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Fluke Electronics Corporation (Fortive Corp.)
• Original Assignee: Pasar Incorporated
• Inventors: Pecukonis, Joseph P.
• Primary Examiner(s): Pihulic, Daniel T.
• Application Number:
  US07/608,260
• Time in Patent Office: 473 Days
• Field of Search: 367/901, 367/116, 367/135, 367/125, 367/126, 367/136, 367/107
• US Class Current: 367/135
• CPC Class Codes: G01H 3/00 Measuring characteristics of vibrations by using a detector in a fluid G01H7/00, G01H9/00, G01H11/00 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 367/901 Noise or unwanted signal reduction in nonseismic receiving system

Abstract

An ultrasonic energy detector advantageously supplies both frequency and amplitude information which is related to the ultrasonic frequency and the amplitude of the detected ultrasonic energy. Frequency division is employed to reduce the relatively broad range of ultrasonic frequencies into a narrower audio frequency range while still providing information useful to identify the ultrasonic energy by frequency detection. The effect of anticipated background noise at all levels of gain selected is eliminated by subtracting a signal representative of the anticipated background noise and proportional to the selected predetermined gain from the amplitude of the detected ultrasonic energy.

Claims

1. A detector for detecting ultrasonic energy in an ambient environment and for supplying humanly perceptible information representative of the magnitude and frequency of the detected ultrasonic energy which is significantly free of adverse influences from anticipated ambient environmental noise, comprising:

means receptive of the ambient ultrasonic energy and operative for supplying a detected signal representative of the frequency and amplitude of the ambient ultrasonic energy;

means receptive of the detected signal and operative for modifying the amplitude of the detected signal by a selected predetermined amount and for supplying the resulting signal as an adjusted ultrasonic detected signal;

means for supplying an offset signal of a predetermined magnitude directly related to the predetermined amount of modification of the adjusted ultrasonic detected signal relative to the detected signal, the predetermined magnitude of the offset signal representing a predetermined contribution of anticipated noise to the amplitude of the adjusted ultrasonic detected signal;

means receptive of the adjusted ultrasonic detected signal and operative for supplying an envelope signal having a magnitude substantially representative of the instantaneous peak amplitude of the adjusted ultrasonic detected signal;

means responsive to the adjusted ultrasonic detected signal and operative for supplying an audio frequency trigger signal having a predetermined frequency directly related to the ultrasonic frequency of the adjusted ultrasonic detected signal;

means receptive of the envelope and the offset signals and operative for subtracting the offset signal from the envelope signal and for supplying the resulting signal as a compensated envelope signal; and

means receptive of the trigger signal and the compensated envelope signal for modulating the amplitude of the compensated envelope signal by the trigger signal to obtain an output signal having an audio frequency directly related to the ultrasonic frequency of the detected ultrasonic energy and an amplitude directly related to the amount of detected ultrasonic energy substantially free of predetermined degree of anticipated ambient noise.

2. A detector as defined in claim 1 wherein the audio frequency of the output signal is directly proportional to the frequency of the adjusted ultrasonic detected signal.

3. A detector as defined in claim 2 wherein the trigger signal supplying means further comprises:

means for counting each cycle of the adjusted ultrasonic detected signal and for supplying a count signal upon the occurrence of each cycle of the adjusted ultrasonic detected signal; and

means receptive of the count signal and operative for dividing the number of count signals by a predetermined integer and for supplying the resulting signal as the trigger signal, the predetermined integer establishing the frequency of the trigger signal in the audio frequency range.

4. A detector as defined in claim 3 wherein the envelope signal supplying means comprises:

peak detector means responsive to each cycle of the adjusted ultrasonic detected signal and operative for integrating the maximum amplitudes of each cycle of the adjusted ultrasonic detected signal into the envelope signal.

5. A detector as defined in claim 4 wherein:

the trigger signal is a repetitive waveform having a high state and a low state; and

said modulating means further comprises;

switch means receptive of the envelope signal and responsive to the count signal for conducting the compensated envelope signal during one state of the count signal and for blocking the conduction of the compensated envelope signal during the other state of the count signal.

6. A detector as defined in claim 5 wherein the means for counting each cycle further comprises:

a zero crossing detector means responsive to the amplitude of each cycle of the adjusted ultrasonic detected signal passing through a zero relative value and for supplying the count signal in response thereto.

7. A detector as defined in claim 6 wherein the predetermined integer is a value selected to limit the maximum audio frequency of the output signal to within approximately the lower half of the audio frequency range.

8. A detector as defined in claim 1 wherein the magnitude of the envelope signal is substantially representative of the peak amplitude of each cycle of the adjusted ultrasonic detected signal.

9. A detector as defined in claim 8 wherein the envelope signal supplying means comprises:

peak detector means responsive to each cycle of the adjusted ultrasonic detected signal and operative for integrating the maximum amplitudes of each cycle of the adjusted ultrasonic detected signal into the envelope signal.

10. A detector as defined in claim 1 wherein the audio frequency signal supplying means further comprises:

means receptive of the adjusted ultrasonic detected signal and operative in response to the amplitude of each cycle of the adjusted ultrasonic detected signal passing through a zero relative value for supplying the count signal; and

means receptive of the count signal and operative for dividing the number of count signals by a predetermined integer and for supplying the audio frequency trigger signal in response to predetermined integer number of count signals.

11. A detector as defined in claim 1 wherein:

the means for modifying the amplitude of the detected signal further comprises means for selecting a predetermined amount of gain by which the detected signal is modified when supplied as the adjusted ultrasonic signal; and

the means for supplying the offset signal further comprises means for selecting a predetermined amount of attenuation by which to attenuate a fixed signal and for supplying the resulting signal as the offset signal; and

the predetermined amounts of attenuation and gain have a predetermined relationship with one another.

12. A detector as defined in claim 11 wherein the means for selecting the predetermined amount of gain and the means for selecting the predetermined amount of attenuation are directly operatively interconnected to select the predetermined amounts of gain and attenuation in a fixed predetermined relationship with each other.

13. A detector as defined in claim 12 wherein the means for selecting the predetermined amount of gain and the means for selecting the predetermined amount of attenuation include a single variable impedance through which the detected signal and the fixed signal are commonly conducted, the single variable impedance establishing both the amount of gain and the amount of attenuation.

14. A detector as defined in claim 13 wherein the single variable impedance comprises a potentiometer having a total resistance through which the detected signal and the fixed signal are commonly conducted and a wiper member operative for contacting the total resistance at a selected one of a plurality of different terminals, each terminal establishing a different amount of resistance by which to establish the amounts of gain and attenuation.

15. A detector as defined in claim 1 further comprising:

means receptive of the compensated envelope signal for displaying the magnitude of the compensated envelope signal.

16. A detector as defined in claim 15 further comprising:

means receptive of the output signal for producing an audio tone having an amplitude and a frequency established by the output signal.

17. A detector as defined in claim 1 further comprising:

means receptive of the output signal for producing an audio tone having an amplitude and a frequency established by the output signal.

18. A detector for detecting ultrasonic energy in an ambient environment and for supplying humanly perceptible information representative of the magnitude and frequency of the detected ultrasonic energy, to thereby enhance recognition of the characteristics of the ultrasonic energy, comprising:

means receptive of the ambient ultrasonic energy and operative for supplying a detected signal representative of the frequency and amplitude of the ambient ultrasonic energy;

means receptive of the detected signal and operative for modifying the amplitude of the detected signal by a selected predetermined amount and for supplying the resulting signal as an adjusted ultrasonic detected signal;

means receptive of the adjusted ultrasonic detected signal and operative for supplying an envelope signal having a magnitude substantially representative of the instantaneous peak amplitude of the adjusted ultrasonic detected signal;

means responsive to the adjusted ultrasonic detected signal and operative for supplying an audio frequency trigger signal having a predetermined frequency directly related to the ultrasonic frequency of the adjusted ultrasonic detected signal; and

means receptive of the trigger signal and the envelope signal for modulating the amplitude of the envelope signal by the trigger signal to obtain an output signal having an audio frequency directly related to the ultrasonic frequency of the detected ultrasonic energy and an amplitude directly related to the amount of detected ultrasonic energy.

19. A detector as defined in claim 18 wherein the trigger signal supplying means further comprises:

means for counting each cycle of the adjusted ultrasonic detected signal and for supplying a count signal upon the occurrence of each cycle of the adjusted ultrasonic detected signal; and

means receptive of the count signal and operative for dividing the number of count signals by a predetermined integer and for supplying the resulting signal as the trigger signal, the predetermined integer establishing the frequency of the trigger signal in the audio frequency range.

20. A detector as defined in claim 19 wherein the envelope signal supplying means comprises:

peak detector means responsive to each cycle of the adjusted ultrasonic detected signal and operative for integrating the maximum amplitudes of each cycle of the adjusted ultrasonic detected signal into the envelope signal.

21. A detector as defined in claim 20 wherein:

the trigger signal is a repetitive waveform having a high state and a low state; and

said modulating means further comprising switch means receptive of the envelope signal and responsive to the trigger signal for conducting the envelope signal during one state of the trigger signal and for blocking the envelope signal during the other state of the trigger signal.

22. A detector as defined in claim 21 wherein the means for counting each cycle further comprises:

a zero crossing detector means responsive to the amplitude of each cycle of the adjusted ultrasonic detected signal passing through a zero relative value and for supplying the count signal in response thereto.

23. A detector as defined in claim 22 wherein the predetermined integer is a value selected to limit the maximum audio frequency of the output signal to within approximately the lower half of the audio frequency range.

24. A detector as defined in claim 23 wherein the maximum audio frequency of the output signal is limited to approximately 3.125 kHz.

25. A detector for detecting ultrasonic energy in an ambient environment and for supplying humanly perceptible information representative of the magnitude of the detected ultrasonic energy, to thereby enhance recognition of the characteristics of the ultrasonic energy substantially free of adverse influences from anticipated noise in the ambient environment, comprising:

means receptive of the ambient ultrasonic energy and operative for supplying a detected signal representative of the amplitude of the ambient ultrasonic energy;

means receptive of the detected signal and operative for modifying the amplitude of the detected signal by a selected predetermined amount and for supplying the resulting signal as an adjusted ultrasonic detected signal;

means for supplying an offset signal of a predetermined magnitude directly related to the predetermined amount by which the adjusted ultrasonic detected signal is modified relative to the detected signal, the predetermined magnitude of the offset signal representing a predetermined contribution of anticipated noise to the amplitude of the adjusted ultrasonic detected signal;

means receptive of the adjusted ultrasonic detected signal and operative for supplying an envelope signal having a magnitude substantially representative of the instantaneous peak amplitude of the adjusted ultrasonic detected signal;

means receptive of the envelope and the offset signals and operative for subtracting the offset signal from the envelope signal and for supplying the resulting signal as a compensated envelope signal; and

means receptive of the compensated envelope signal for displaying the magnitude of the compensated envelope signal.

26. A detector as defined in claim 25 wherein:

the means for modifying the amplitude of the detected signal further comprises means for selecting a predetermined amount of gain by which the detected signal is modified when supplied as the adjusted ultrasonic detected signal;

the means for supplying the offset signal further comprises means for selecting a predetermined amount of attenuation by which to attenuate a fixed signal for supplying the resulting signal as the offset signal; and

the predetermined amounts of attenuation and gain have a predetermined fixed relationship with one another.

27. A detector as defined in claim 26 wherein the means for selecting the predetermined amount of gain and the means for selecting the predetermined amount of attenuation are directly operatively interconnected to select the amount of gain and the amount of attenuation in equal increments.

28. A detector as defined in claim 27 wherein the means for selecting the amount of gain and the means for selecting the amount of attenuation comprise a single variable impedance through which the detected signal and the fixed signal are commonly conducted, the amount of impedance established by the variable impedance establishing both the predetermined amount of gain and the predetermined amount of attenuation.

29. A detector as defined in claim 28 wherein the single variable impedance comprises a single potentiometer having a total resistance through which the detected signal and the fixed signal are commonly conducted and a wiper member operative for contacting the total resistance at a selected one of a plurality of different terminals, each position establishing a different amount of resistance by which to establish the amounts of gain and attenuation.

30. A method of detecting ultrasonic energy in an ambient environment and for supplying humanly perceptible information representative of the magnitude and frequency of the detected ultrasonic energy which is significantly free of adverse influences from anticipated noise in the ambient environment, comprising:

supplying a detected signal representative of the frequency and amplitude of the ambient ultrasonic energy;

modifying the amplitude of the detected signal by a selected predetermined amount and supplying the resulting signal as an adjusted ultrasonic detected signal;

supplying an offset signal of a predetermined magnitude directly related to the predetermined amount of modification of the adjusted ultrasonic detected signal relative to the detected signal, the predetermined magnitude of the offset signal representing a predetermined contribution of anticipated noise to the amplitude of the adjusted ultrasonic detected signal;

supplying an envelope signal having a magnitude substantially representative of the instantaneous peak amplitude of the adjusted ultrasonic detected signal;

supplying a trigger signal having a predetermined audio frequency directly related to the ultrasonic frequency of the adjusted ultrasonic detected signal;

subtracting the offset signal from the envelope signal and for supplying the resulting signal as a compensated envelope signal; and

modulating the compensated envelope signal by the trigger signal to obtain an output signal having an audio frequency directly related to the ultrasonic frequency of the detected ultrasonic energy and an amplitude directly related to the amount of detected ultrasonic energy substantially free of a predetermined degree of anticipated ambient noise.

31. A method as defined in claim 30 further comprising:

selecting a predetermined amount of gain by which the detected signal is modified when supplied as the adjusted ultrasonic detected signal;

generating a fixed signal by which to derive the offset signal;

selecting a predetermined amount of attenuation by which to attenuate the fixed signal;

attenuating the fixed signal by the predetermined amount of attenuation and supplying the resulting signal as the offset signal; and

selecting the predetermined amounts of attenuation and gain in a fixed relationship with one another.