Hot wire anemometer and pulmonary gas flow monitor combination capable of fast accurate calibration

• US 5,094,246 A
• Filed: 07/19/1990
• Issued: 03/10/1992
• Est. Priority Date: 07/19/1990
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: R J Instruments
• Original Assignee: RST Instruments Inc.
• Inventors: Bryan, Jon R., Rusz, Tibor, Jacobson, Elliott
• Primary Examiner(s): Burr, Edgar S.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Lewis, Aaron J.
• Application Number:
  US07/554,690
• Time in Patent Office: 600 Days
• Field of Search: 128/716, 128/724, 128/725, 128/205.23, 73/23.3, 73/204.11, 73/204.19, 73/204.22, 73/204.27
• US Class Current: 600/529
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0816 Measuring devices for examining respiratory frequency measuring frequency of electric signals G01R23/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0878 using temperature sensing means
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/091 Measuring volume of inspired or expired gases, e.g. to determine lung capacity
• CPC Class Codes: G01P 21/02 of speedometers
• CPC Class Codes: G01P 5/12 using variation of resistance of a heated conductor

Abstract

A hot wire sensor has a cylindrical light-transparent tube having two opaque patches adjacent the two tube ends, respectively, and with one platinum "hot" wire mounted about centrally therein and another platinum wire mounted adjacent thereto. A gas flow monitor includes a resistive bridge circuit, connected to the hot wire sensor. In the bridge circuit, the two platinum wires become two of the adjacent bridge branches. A DC voltage supply of the monitor is connected across the bridge at the bridge junction of the platinum wires, heating the one but not the other owing to disparate resistances in the bridge branches. A calibration socket is mounted vertically on an outer wall of the monitor housing. To calibrate the sensor, a tube end is inserted into the socket holding the tube axis horizontal and the tube is rotated until the opaque patch breaks a light beam between a LED and a photo transistor at the periphery of the socket. At that position the one "hot" wire is horizontal and the breaking of the light beam electrically enables (unlocks) the bridge so that an adjustment of one of the bridge arm resistances can be made to obtain a bridge output voltage of predetermined value corresponding to zero flow of gas through the sensor tube.

Claims

1. A respiratory gas flow monitor comprising:

a) a hot wire anemometer sensor comprised of a transparent cylindrical tube, at least one pair of electrically conductive lead projecting inwardly of and mounted in the wall of said tube, one platinum wire in said tube having two ends connected, respectively, between said one pair of leads, said transparent tube having adjacent a first end thereof a first opaque region;

b) an electrical gas-flow-signal generating means having a housing and having a circuit with first and second input terminals enclosed in said housing;

c) a sensor calibration-socket means mounted in a wall of said housing for during calibration of said sensor receiving said one tube end, holding said sensor tube horizontal and rotatable in said socket means, and for blocking air flow therethrough; and

d) connecting means for electrically connecting said one pair of sensor leads to said first and second input terminals, respectively, of said electrical gas-flow-signal means, said electrical gas-flow signal generating means being for supplying a heating current through said platinum wire and for producing at a point in said circuit a signal voltage of magnitude that is related to the rate of flow of gas through said sensor tube and for adjusting said heating current to set said flow-rate voltage to a predetermined value indicative of a zero gas flow rate.

2. The respiratory gas flow monitor of claim 1 additionally comprising a circuit locking means having a logic input for locking-off and disabling said electrical gas-flow-signal generating means when a logic signal of one state is presented to said one logic input and for releasing said lock and enabling said gas-flow-signal generating means when a logic signal of the other state is presented to said logic signal input.

3. The respiratory gas flow monitor of claim 2 wherein said sensor calibration socket means includes one light path detecting means at one point near the periphery of said socket means, said one light path detecting means electrically connected to said one logic input of said circuit locking means for, when said first end of said cylindrical tube of said sensor is inserted into and rotated in said socket means to place said opaque region at said one peripheral socket point, generating a logic signal of the other state at said one logic input, and for generating a logic signal of the one state for any other orientation of said opaque region.

4. The respiratory gas flow monitor of claim 3 wherein said hot wire sensor additionally includes another pair of electrically conductive lead wires mounted in the wall of said tube and about parallel with said one leads pair, and another platinum wire connected in said tube between said another pair of leads adjacent to said one platinum wire, said circuit of said gas-flow-signal generating means having a third and fourth input terminals, said connecting means being additionally for electrically connecting said another pair of leads from said sensor to said third and fourth input terminal of said gas-flow-signal generating means, said gas-flow-signal generating means being additionally comprised of a resistive bridge wherein two adjacent branches thereof are comprised of said one and another platinum wires via said one and another pairs of leads, said connecting means and said terminals;

a DC voltage source for energizing said bridge circuit, the output voltage of said bridge being said signal voltage of said gas flow signal generating means.

5. The respiratory gas flow monitor of claim 4 wherein, for the unique rotational position of said sensor tube in said socket means at which said one platinum wire is both horizontal and above said another platinum wire, said opaque region at said one tube end is placed at said one peripheral socket point to release said lock of said circuit locking means.

6. The respiratory gas flow monitor of claim 5 wherein said sensor-tube additionally has another opaque region adjacent the other tube end having the same circumferential orientation as does said one opaque region relative to the position of said one platinum wire.

7. The respiratory gas flow monitor of claim 1 additionally comprising a circuit enabling means having another logic input for enabling said gas-flow-signal generating means when a logic signal of one state is presented to said another logic input and when said circuit locking means releases said lock, and for disabling said gas-flow-signal generating means when a logic signal of the other state is presented to said another logic input.

8. The respirator gas flow monitor of claim 7 wherein said sensor calibration socket includes another light path sensing means at another point near the periphery of said socket means, said another light path detecting means electrically connected to said another logic input of said circuit enabling means for, when said first end of said transparent cylindrical tube of said sensor is inserted into and rotated in said socket means to place an opaque region at said another peripheral socket point, generating a logic signal of the other state at said another logic input, and for generating a logic signal of the one state when a transparent portion of said tube end is at said another peripheral socket point.

9. A respiratory gas flow monitor comprising:

a) a hot-wire anemometer sensor comprised of a transparent cylindrical tube, a first pair and a second pair of electrically conductive leads extending about radially from within said tube and sealingly through the wall of said tube, one and another platinum wires, the ends of each of said platinum wires connected, respectively, within said tube between said first pair and said second pair of said leads, said tube having adjacent one end thereof a first opaque region and having adjacent the opposite end thereof a second opaque region, said opaque regions having the same circumferential orientations about said tube; and

b) an electrical-signal processing means having a circuit and a housing enclosing said circuit with at least one vertical panel, a socket mounted in said one panel including a solid cylindrical center portion extending outward from said one panel and having an outside diameter slightly smaller than the inside diameter of said sensor tube, having a circular ring portion extending outward from said one panel outside of and coaxial with said solid cylindrical portion, the inside diameter of said ring portion having an inside diameter slightly greater than the outside diameter of said sensor tube so that said socket is capable of accepting said one or said opposite end of said sensor tube in the groove formed between said solid center portion and said coaxial ring portion and holding said tube in a horizontal position;

said signal processing means additionally having four input terminals and a connecting means for electrically connecting said four sensor leads to said four input terminals, respectively, said socket additionally having alight source and a light detector mounted on opposite side of said groove in a circumferential position causing said one platinum wire to be held horizontally when said one tube end is held in said socket groove and rotated until said opaque region in said tube end blocks light from said source to said light detector, said signal processing means being for supplying a heating current through said platinum wire and producing a voltage of magnitude that is related to the rate of flow of gas through said sensor tube.