Temperature-compensated apparatus for monitoring current having controlled sensitivity to supply voltage

• US 5,095,274 A
• Filed: 09/22/1989
• Issued: 03/10/1992
• Est. Priority Date: 09/22/1989
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Analog Devices, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Analog Devices, Inc.
• Inventors: Brokaw, A. Paul
• Primary Examiner(s): Wieder, Kenneth A.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Mueller, Robert W.
• Application Number:
  US07/410,988
• Time in Patent Office: 900 Days
• Field of Search: 324/414, 324/403, 324/503, 324/511, 324/522, 324/537, 324/550, 324/556, 340/641, 340/642, 307/10.8
• US Class Current: 324/414
• CPC Class Codes: B60Q 11/00 Arrangement of monitoring devices for devices provided for in groups B60Q1/00 - B60Q9/00
• CPC Class Codes: G01F 23/38 using magnetically actuated indicating means
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 19/16571 comparing AC or DC current with one threshold, e.g. load current, over-current, surge current or fault current G01R19/16514, G01R19/16519, G01R19/16528, G01R19/16533, G01R19/1659 take precedence; measuring currents by using elements sensitive to the magnetic field generated G01R15/14; measuring earth resistance G01R27/18; testing for leakage or short circuits in electrical apparatus G01R31/52
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 19/32 Compensating for temperature change

Abstract

An apparatus for monitoring current through a lamp circuit that uses a series resistance shunt in the circuit with one end being connected to a current source and the second end being connected to the lamp. The circuitry includes a comparator that is connected across the shunt and has a threshold switching voltage such that a voltage across the shunt that is larger than the threshold voltage will switch the comparator on (as in the case where the lamp is not functioning) and a voltage across the shunt that is smaller than the threshold voltage (as in the case where the lamp is in the circuit and functioning) will switch the comparator off. In a preferred embodiment, the shunt is actually a portion of the printed circuit board trace. In order to compensate for changes in resistance in the shunt that occur as the temperature of the printed circuit board trace changes, temperature compensation circuitry is included to maintain the threshold switching voltage in a fixed relationship with the temperature of the shunt. The apparatus incorporates additional circuitry connected to the comparator in order to decrease the sensitivity of the comparator to changes in the circuit supply voltage. In a preferred embodiment, the circuit has a 50% sensitivity to supply voltage changes. The circuit may be manufactured in monolithic integrated circuit form in order to enhance reliability, cost, and manufacturability.

Claims

1. In a circuit including a shunt comprising resistance means having a first end and a second end, the first end being connected to a current source and the second end being connected to a lamp, an apparatus for monitoring current through the lamp circuit comprising:

a comparator means having first and second input terminals, the first terminal being connected to the first end of the shunt, and the second terminal being connected to the second end of the shunt;

the comparator means having a threshold switching voltage, so that a voltage across the shunt means larger than the threshold voltage will switch the comparator means on, and a voltage across the shunt means smaller than the threshold voltage will switch the comparator means off; and

a temperature compensation means connected to the comparator means for maintaining the threshold switching voltage in a fixed relationship with the temperature of the shunt means.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising supply voltage sensitivity control means connected to the comparator means for controlling a sensitivity of the threshold switching voltage of the comparator means to changes in an apparatus supply voltage.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the apparatus is incorporated into a monolithic integrated circuit means.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the shunt means comprises a portion of a printed circuit board trace.

5. A temperature-compensated lamp monitoring circuit, for monitoring current through a resistance shunt in the lamp circuit, comprising:

a comparator having two output states, the comparator having first and second inputs connected to first and second ends of the shunt and being responsive to a voltage developed across the shunt so that the comparator assumes one of its two output states when the voltage developed across the shunt exceeds a threshold switching voltage and the other of its two output states when the voltage developed across the shunt is less than the threshold switching voltage; and

a biasing means, connected to and controlling the comparator means, for temperature compensating the threshold switching voltage, due to changes in a temperature of the shunt, such that the threshold switching voltage changes proportionally to absolute temperature, and for controlling a sensitivity of the threshold switching voltage to changes in a supply voltage of the circuit.

6. The lamp monitoring circuit of claim 5, wherein the sensitivity of the threshold switching voltage varies as a square root function of the change in the circuit supply voltage.

7. The lamp monitoring circuit of claim 5, wherein the sensitivity of the threshold switching voltage varies as one-half the change in the circuit supply voltage.

8. The lamp monitoring circuit of claim 5, wherein the sensitivity of the threshold switching voltage varies as a derivative of a square root of the change in the circuit supply voltage.

9. The lamp monitoring circuit of claim 5, wherein the shunt comprises a printed circuit board trace.

10. The lamp monitoring circuit of claim 9, wherein the printed circuit board trace is copper.

11. The lamp monitoring circuit of claim 5, further comprising at least one fuse test circuit.

12. The lamp monitoring circuit of claim 5, further comprising at least one circuit for testing a lamp in a non-operational state.

13. The lamp monitoring circuit of claim 5, further comprising a plurality of comparator means, connected to and controlled by the biasing means, for monitoring a plurality of currents in a plurality of respective lamp circuits.

14. The lamp monitoring circuit of claim 13, wherein the lamp monitoring circuits are constructed as a monolithic integrated circuit.

15. The lamp monitoring circuit of claim 5, wherein the lamp monitoring circuit is constructed as a monolithic integrated circuit.

16. In a circuit including a shunt comprising a resistance means having a first end and a second end, the first end being connected to a current source and the second end being connected to a load, an apparatus for monitoring current through the load circuit, comprising:

a comparator having two output states selected in relation to a threshold switching voltage, and having inputs connected to make the comparator responsive to a voltage developed across the shunt, so that a voltage across the shunt larger than the threshold switching voltage causes the comparator output to assume a first one of the two output states and a voltage across the shunt smaller than the threshold switching voltage causes the comparator output to assume the second one of the two output states; and

a temperature compensation means, connected to the comparator means, for temperature compensating the threshold switching voltage changes, due to changes in a temperature of the shunt, such that the threshold switching voltage proportionally to absolute temperature.

17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the lamp monitoring circuit is incorporated into a monolithic integrated circuit.

18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the shunt comprises a portion of a printed circuit board trace.

19. In a circuit including a shunt comprising resistance means having a first end and a second end, the first end being connected to a current source and the second end being connected to a load, an apparatus for monitoring current through the circuit, comprising:

a comparator having two output states selected in relation to a threshold switching voltage, and having inputs connected to make the comparator responsive to a voltage developed across the shunt, so that a voltage across the shunt larger than the threshold switching voltage causes the comparator to assume a first one of the two output states and a voltage across the shunt smaller than the threshold switching voltage causes the comparator to assume the second one of the two output states; and

a sensitivity control means, connected to the comparator means, for controlling a sensitivity of the threshold switching voltage to changes in a supply voltage of the circuit.

20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the lamp monitoring circuit is incorporated into a monolithic circuit.

21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the shunt means comprises a portion of a printed circuit board trace.