Integrated motor drive and recharge system

• US 5,099,186 A
• Filed: 12/31/1990
• Issued: 03/24/1992
• Est. Priority Date: 12/31/1990
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: General Motors Corporation (Motors Liquidation Co. GUC Trust)
• Original Assignee: General Motors Company
• Inventors: Rippel, Wally E., Cocconi, Alan G.
• Primary Examiner(s): Shoop, Jr., William M.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Cabeca, John W.
• Application Number:
  US07/635,908
• Time in Patent Office: 449 Days
• Field of Search: 318/4, 318/5, 318/8, 318/34, 318/41, 318/50, 318/53, 318/105, 318/112, 318/495, 318/496, 318/497, 318/599, 318/805, 318/811, 318/800-801, 318/803, 318/812, 318/87, 318/85, 318/376 , 318/149, 318/157, 318/107, 318/441, 318/438, 318/254
• US Class Current: 318/803
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2220/42 with use of more than one motor
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2220/54 Windings for different functions
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/0023 Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/003 relating to inverters
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/51 characterised by AC-motors
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/20 characterised by converters located in the vehicle
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/24 Using the vehicle's propulsion converter for charging
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2207/20 Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/02 for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/0064 Magnetic structures combining different functions, e.g. storage, filtering or transformation
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/158 including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/5387 in a bridge configuration
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/64 Electric machine technologies in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/92 Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/12 Electric charging stations
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/14 Plug-in electric vehicles

Abstract

A drive and recharge system is disclosed that includes a bidirectional dc power source, two voltage-fed inverters, two induction motors, and a control unit. In the drive mode, power is bidirectionally connected between the dc power source and the motors. In the recharge mode, single-phase power applied to the neutral ports of the two motors is converted with unity power factor to return energy to the dc power source. An alternate scheme is also presented which uses a single motor having two sets of windings.

Claims

1. An electric motor drive and power processing system comprising:

a first polyphase motor having windings in a wye configuration and a rotor with an output shaft, with a first neutral node in common with all the first motor windings;

a second polyphase motor having windings in a wye configuration and a rotor with an output shaft, with a second neutral node in common with all the second motor windings;

bidirectional dc power source means for providing and receiving electrical power to and from the first and second motors;

a first bidirectional, polyphase, voltage-fed, pulse-width-modulated inverter, having a phase multiplicity equal to that of the first motor, connected between the bidirectional dc power source means and the windings of the first motor;

a second bidirectional, polyphase, voltage-fed, pulse-width-modulated inverter, having a phase multiplicity equal to that of the second motor, connected between the bidirectional dc power source means and the windings of the second motor;

an input/output terminal connected to the first and second neutral nodes of the motors; and

control means, coupled to the first and second inverters, for operation in a drive mode and a recharge mode, for controlling the first and second inverters during the drive mode such that electrical power provided to the motors from the bidirectional dc power source means is converted to mechanical power produced at the first and second motor output shafts, and mechanical power from rotation of the first and second motor output shafts is converted to dc electrical power provided to the bidirectional dc power source means, and for controlling the first and second inverters during the recharge mode such that single-phase ac electrical power received at the input/output terminal is converted to dc power that is provided to the bidirectional dc power source means at a unity power factor conversion.

2. An electric motor drive and power processing control system as defined in claim 1, wherein the bidirectional dc power source means is a battery.

3. An electric motor drive and power processing system as defined in claim 1, wherein the first and second motors are induction motors.

4. An electric motor drive and power processing system as defined in claim 1, further including filter means located between the motors and the input/output terminal for reducing common and differential mode high frequency currents appearing at the input/output terminal.

5. An electric motor drive and power processing system as defined in claim 1, wherein the input/output terminal is adapted to be connected to a single-phase ac electric utility line.

6. An electric motor drive and power processing system as defined in claim 1, wherein the input/output terminal accepts both dc and ac electrical power, and wherein both types of electrical power can be converted under control of the control means to provide dc electrical power to the bidirectional dc power source means.

7. An electric motor drive and power processing system as defined in claim 1, wherein the control means controls the first and second inverters such that dc electrical power from the bidirectional dc power source means is converted to single-phase ac electrical power provided to the input/output terminal at a unity power factor conversion.

8. An electric motor drive and power processing system as defined in claim 1, wherein the control means controls the first and second inverters such that dc electrical power applied at the input/output terminal is provided to the bidirectional dc power source means.

9. An electric motor drive and power processing system as defined in claim 1, wherein the control means controls the first and second inverters such that dc electrical power from the bidirectional dc power source means is converted to dc electrical power delivered to the input/output terminal

10. An electric motor drive and power processing system as defined in claim 1, wherein the control means includes reference generator means, coupled to the inverters, for generating sinusoidal reference signals to control the inverters.

11. An electric motor drive and power processing system as defined in claim 10, wherein the inverters include switching means for opening and closing an electrical circuit path within the inverters.

12. An electric motor drive and power processing system as defined in claim 11, wherein:

the switching means comprises semiconductor switching elements that open and close; and

the control means includes reference generator means for generating sinusoidal reference signals that are provided to the inverter switching means of both motors to control opening and closing of the switching elements.

13. An electric motor drive and power processing system as defined in claim 12, further including:

first motor speed means for producing a motor speed signal indicative of the first motor'"'"'s output shaft speed;

second motor speed means for producing a motor speed signal indicative of the second motor'"'"'s output shaft speed; and

slip frequency generating means for generating a motor slip frequency signal that is provided to the reference generator means, the slip frequency signal being based on a current command signal and on the motor speed signal received from the first and second motor speed means.

14. An electric motor drive and power processing system as defined in claim 1, wherein the control means includes driver means for producing drive signals to control the inverters.

15. An electric motor drive and power processing system as defined in claim 14, wherein the control means further includes first and second control block means for the first and second motors, respectively, such that each control block includes:

tachometer means for providing a signal corresponding to the speed of the respective motor;

a signal generator that produces an output signal corresponding to the quotient of the respective motor speed divided by the voltage of the dc power source means;

slip speed generator means for receiving the output signal from the signal generator and producing a slip frequency command signal; and

reference generator means for receiving the slip frequency command signal and producing sinusoidal output signals that are multiplied by a current command signal and then provided to the driver means to produce the drive signals.

16. An electric motor drive and power processing system as defined in claim 15, wherein:

the first and second motors are both three-phase motors; and

the driver means includes a driver associated with each motor phase of each motor.

17. An electric motor drive and power processing system as defined in claim 16, wherein the control means further includes:

first and second current sensors associated with each motor that provide current phase signals for a first and second one of the motor phases for each motor, wherein the reference generator means produces first and second sinusoidal output signals corresponding to the first and second motor phases.

18. An electric motor drive and power processing system as defined in claim 17, wherein the control means further includes:

error signal means for receiving the first and second current sensor signals of each motor and comparing them with the first and second sinusoidal output signals to produce first and second error signals indicative of the difference between the signals, and for producing a third error signal that is the negative sum of the first and second error signals;

oscillator means for producing a triangle ramp signal having a predetermined frequency and an amplitude proportional to the voltage of the dc power source means; and

comparator means for receiving the error signals and the triangle oscillation signal and for producing duty cycle signals provided to the drivers.

19. An electric motor drive and power processing system as defined in claim 18, wherein the input/output terminal is adapted to be connected to a single-phase ac electric utility line and includes a power line, a neutral line, and a ground line;

and wherein the control means further includes;

reference means for producing a sinusoidal reference voltage that is in phase with the voltage appearing between the power line and neutral line;

multiplier means for multiplying the sinusoidal reference voltage by a recharge command signal, producing a multiplied reference voltage;

a third current sensor associated with each motor that provides a current phase signal associated with the third motor phases for each motor;

summation means for summing the current phase signals from the first, second, and third current sensors associated with the second inverter of each motor with the inverted current phase signals from the first, second, and third current sensors associated with the first inverter of each motor, producing an average current signal;

recharge error means for receiving the average current signal and the multiplied reference voltage to produce a recharge error signal;

error summation means for producing error signals for summing the difference between the sensed current phase signal of each motor phase and the sensed current phase signal of an adjacent motor phase with the recharge error signal;

three-phase oscillator means for producing triangle signals having predetermined frequencies and amplitudes that are proportional to the voltage of the bidirectional dc power source means; and

duty cycle means for generating duty cycle signals provided to the inverters by comparing the recharge error signals with the triangle signals.

20. An electric motor drive and power processing control system comprising:

a polyphase motor having windings in a wye configuration, defining a first set of windings and a second set of windings, further having a rotor with an output shaft, a first neutral node in common with all the first set of motor windings, and a second neutral node in common with all the second set of motor windings;

bidirectional dc power source means for providing and receiving electrical power to and from the motor;

a first bidirectional, polyphase, voltage-fed, pulse-width-modulated inverter, having a phase multiplicity equal to that of the first set of windings, connected between the bidirectional dc power source means and the first set of windings;

a second bidirectional, polyphase, voltage-fed, pulse-width-modulated inverter, having a phase multiplicity equal to that of the second set of windings, connected between the bidirectional dc power source means and the second set of windings;

an input/output terminal connected to the first and second neutral nodes defining a common external connection port to the first and second neutral nodes; and

control means, coupled to the first and second inverters, for operation in a drive mode and a recharge mode, for controlling the first and second inverters during the drive mode such that electrical power provided to the motor from the bidirectional dc power source means is converted to mechanical power produced at the motor output shaft, and mechanical power from rotation of the motor output shaft is converted to dc electrical power provided to the bidirectional dc power source means, and for controlling the first and second inverters during the recharge mode such that single-phase ac electrical power received at the input/output terminal is converted to dc power that is provided to the bidirectional dc power source means at a unity power factor conversion.

21. An electric motor drive and power processing system as defined in claim 20, wherein the motor is an induction motor.

22. An electric motor drive and power processing system as defined in claim 20, further including:

filter means located between the motor and the input/output terminal for reducing common and differential mode high frequency currents appearing at the input/output terminal.

23. An electric motor drive and power processing system as defined in claim 20, wherein the input/output terminal is adapted to be connected to a single-phase ac electric utility line.

24. An electric motor drive and power processing system as defined in claim 20, wherein the control means controls the first and second inverters such that single-phase ac electrical power applied at the input/output terminal is converted to dc power that is applied to the dc power source means at a unity power factor conversion.

25. An electric motor drive and power processing system as defined in claim 20, wherein the control means controls the first and second inverters such that dc electrical power from the dc power source means is converted to single-phase electrical power delivered to the input/output terminal.

26. An electric motor drive and power processing system as defined in claim 20, wherein the control means controls the first and second inverters such that dc electrical power applied at the input/output terminal is provided to the bidirectional dc power source means.

27. An electric motor drive and power processing system as defined in claim 20, wherein the control means controls the first and second inverters such that dc electrical power from the bidirectional dc power source means is converted to dc power delivered to the input/output terminal.

28. An electric motor drive and power processing system as defined in claim 20, wherein the control means further includes reference generator means, coupled to the inverters, for generating sinusoidal reference signals to control the flow of electrical power through the inverters.

29. An electric motor drive and power processing system as defined in claim 20, wherein the inverters include switching means for opening and closing an electrical circuit path within the inverters.

30. An electric motor drive and power processing system as defined in claim 29, wherein:

the switching means comprises semiconductor switching elements that open and close; and

the control means further includes reference generator means for generating sinusoidal reference signals that are provided to the inverter switching means to control opening and closing of the switching elements.

31. An electric motor drive and power processing system as defined in claim 30, further including:

motor speed means for producing a motor speed signal indicative of the motor'"'"'s output shaft speed; and

slip frequency generating means for generating a motor slip frequency signal for the motor that is provided to the reference generator means, the slip frequency signal being based on a current command signal and on the motor speed signal received from the motor speed means.

32. An electric motor drive and power processing control system comprising:

a first polyphase motor having windings in a wye configuration with a first neutral node;

a second polyphase motor having windings in a wye configuration with a second neutral node;

bidirectional dc power source means for providing dc electrical power to the first and second motors and for receiving dc electrical power;

a first polyphase, voltage-fed, pulse-width-modulated inverter having switching elements for controlling the flow of electrical power between the dc power source means to the windings of the first motor;

a second polyphase, voltage-fed, pulse-width-modulated inverter having switching elements for controlling the flow of electrical power between the dc power source means to the windings of the second motor; and

an input/output terminal connecting the first and second neutral nodes;

wherein the switching elements of the first and second inverters are switched such that single-phase ac electrical power applied at the input/output terminal is applied to the dc power source means in a unity power factor conversion, dc electrical power from the dc power source means is converted to single-phase electrical power delivered to the input/output terminal, dc electrical power at the input/output terminal is provided to the dc power source means, and dc electrical power from the dc power source means is converted to dc power delivered to the input/output terminal.

33. An electric motor drive and power processing system as defined in claim 32, wherein each motor is an induction motor, the system further including current sensing means for sensing the current phase in the windings of each motor and producing a current sensed signal for each winding.

34. An electric motor drive and power processing system as defined in claim 32, further including driver means for receiving the current sensed signals and producing switching signals to control the switching of the inverter switching elements.

35. An electric motor drive and power processing system as defined in claim 34, further including a reference generator for producing reference signals provided to the driver means for determining the phase of the electrical motor winding signals.

36. An electric motor drive and power processing system as defined in claim 35, further including:

motor speed signal means for providing the motor speed to the reference generator;

quotient means for dividing the motor speed by the voltage magnitude of the dc power source means and providing the resulting quotient to the reference generator; and

a slip speed generator that provides a desired motor slip speed to the reference generator.

37. An electric motor drive and power processing system as defined in claim 35, further including recharge means for averaging the current sensed signals and receiving a recharge command signal to produce a recharge error signal that is summed with the current sensed signals and provided to the drivers.

38. An electric motor drive and power processing system that operates in a drive mode and in a recharge mode, comprising:

a first polyphase motor having windings in a wye configuration with a first neutral node;

a second polyphase motor having windings in a wye configuration with a second neutral node;

bidirectional dc power source means for providing dc electrical power to the first and second motors and for receiving dc electrical power;

a first polyphase, voltage-fed, pulse-width-modulated inverter having semiconductor switching elements for converting the electrical power from the dc power source means to electrical signals provided to the windings of the first motor;

a second polyphase, voltage-fed, pulse-width-modulated inverter having semiconductor switching elements for converting the electrical power from the dc power source means to electrical signals provided to the windings of the second motor;

a terminal connecting the first and second neutral nodes; and

control means for controlling the switching elements of the first and second inverters such that single-phase ac electrical power applied at the terminal is converted to dc power delivered to the dc power source means in a unity power factor conversion, dc electrical power from the dc power source means is converted to single-phase ac electrical power delivered to the terminal, dc electrical power at the terminal is delivered to the dc power source means, and dc electrical power from the dc power source means is converted to dc power delivered to the terminal.