Hybrid image editor

• US 5,101,436 A
• Filed: 05/11/1990
• Issued: 03/31/1992
• Est. Priority Date: 05/11/1990
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Optigraphics Corp (Enterprise Informatics, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Optigraphics Corp (Enterprise Informatics, Inc.)
• Inventors: Lonas, Hal C. Jr., DeAguiar, John R.
• Primary Examiner(s): Boudreau, Leo H.
• Application Number:
  US07/522,513
• Time in Patent Office: 690 Days
• Field of Search: 382/1, 382/41, 382/22, 382/21, 340/798-799, 364/518
• US Class Current: 382/241
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 17/00 Three dimensional [3D] modelling, e.g. data description of 3D objects

Abstract

A hybrid image editor for editing raster and vector entities with a common set of vector edit operations. Raster and vector entities are stored in a single image layer. Raster entities are selectively converted to vector entities. Converted entities are selectively erased from an image comprising multiple, overlapping raster entities.

Claims

1. A method of editing raster and vector entities in a computer having a processor, a memory and a visual display device, the method comprising the steps of:

reading a prestored raster image from said memory wherein said raster image includes a composite of a plurality of binary codes representing pixels of said visual display device;

storing said raster image in a display buffer portion of said memory;

displaying said stored image on said visual display device;

selecting a raster entity from among the displayed pixels of said raster image wherein said raster entity includes a plurality of pixels specified by absolute coordinates which define a geometric shape;

selecting from among a list of predefined geometric shapes a predefined geometric shape that most closely resembles the selected raster entity;

comparing a geometric equation determined by the pixel coordinates of the selected raster entity and a predefined canonical geometric equation of the selected predefined geometric shape to provide a geometric deviation;

comparing the geometric deviation with a predefined minimum deviation so as to determinatively recognize the selected raster entity as having substantially the same geometric equation as the selected geometric shape;

converting the selected raster entity into a vector entity corresponding to said selected geometric shape, wherein said vector entity includes a plurality of points having coordinates defined by relative displacements and slopes, so that said points of said vector entity are translated to absolute pixel coordinates and addressed and displayed on said visual display device using said display buffer; and

processing said vector entity using a collection of vector edit operations so that said selected raster entity is manipulated as a vector entity which normally belongs to an image having only vector entities.

2. A method of editing as defined in claim 1, wherein said selecting is accomplished with an input device connected to said computer

3. A method of editing as defined in claim 2, wherein said input device is a mouse.

4. A method of selectively converting a raster entity, among a collection of raster entities in a visual display image stored in a memory of a computer, into a vector entity defined by a geometric equation of the form associated with a predefined geometric shape, the method comprising the steps of:

selecting said predefined geometric shape from among a list of predefined geometric shapes;

selecting a raster entity generally corresponding in shape to said selected predefined geometric shape from among said collection of raster entities;

identify a locally line-like setment on said selected raster entity so that two ends of said line-like segment can be extended to determine the maximal spacial extent of said selected raster entity, said line-like segment defining two edges of said raster entity;

extending at least one end of said line-like segment so that a geometric equation of the type corresponding to said selected predefined geometric shape can be fit from a set of points defined on said raster entity;

comparing the deviation of said geometric equation for said raster entity with a maximum deviation so as to recognize said raster entity if said deviation is less than said maximum deviation;

following one of the edges of said selected raster entity wherein said edge is extended in one direction defined by said edge by gathering a first set of edge pixels until a edge following deviation is identified;

following an extrapolated edge of said selected raster entity beginning at a point beyond said edge following deviation by gathering a second set of edge pixels;

merging said second set of edge pixels gathered from beyond said edge following deviation into said first set of edge pixels of said selected raster entity;

converting said raster entity into a vector entity wherein said vector entity includes aset of survey points resulting from fitting reference line said edges of said raster entity; and

storing said vector entity in a vector entity database.

5. The method of storing said vector entity into said memory of said computer, selectively converting a raster entity defined in claim 4, wherein said selecting a raster entity includes specifying a pixel in said visual display image that is near said raster entity.

6. The method of selectively converting a raster entity defined in claim 4, wherein the step of identifying a locally line-like segment comprises the steps of:

gathering a third set of edge pixels along a selected edge of said raster entity;

searching perpendicular to said gathered edge pixels for an opposite edge of said raster entity, wherin the opposite edge is substantially parallel to the selected edge;

gathering a fourth set of edge pixels along said opposite edge; and

fitting said substantially parallel edges to a comon reference line.

7. The method of selectively converting a raster entity defined in claim 4, wherein said edge following deviation is an intersection with another raster entity.

8. The method of selectively converting a raster entity defined in claim 7, wherein said following an extrapolated edge comprises the step of crossing said intersecting raster entity.

9. The method of selectively converting a raster entity defined in claim 4, wherein said edge following deviation is a pixel gap.

10. The method of selectively converting a raster entity defined in claim 9, wherein said following an extrapolated edge comprises the step of jumping over said pixel gap.

11. The method of selectively converting a raster entity defined in claim 4, wherein said edge following deviation is a bend in said raster entity.

12. The method of selectively converting a raster entity defined in claim 11, wherein said following an extrapolated edge comprises the step of turning around said bend.

13. The method of selectively converting a raster entity defined in claim 4, wherein said gathering of edge pixels is defined by a clockwise edge follower.

14. The method of selectively converting a raster entity defined in claim 4, wherein said gathering of edge pixels is defined by a counterclockwise edge follower.

16. The method of selectively erasing a vector entity as defined in claim 11, wherein said step of correlating comprises the step of:

comparing the coordinates of said centerline point with said set of points on said centerline to determine the nearest point in said set of points.

15. A method of selectively erasing a vector entity from an overlapping raster entity wherein said raster entity overlaps said vector entity at an intersection zone in a visual display image, the method comprising the steps of:

bounding said intersection zone around said vector entity having one or more nonlinear pixel edge formations wherein said bounding is a quadrilateral boundary defined by a pair of flare limit lines that are substantially parallel to each other and to the local slope of the vector entity bounded by the quadrilateral, and by an intersection entrance line and an intersection exit line;

erasing said intersection zone by setting all pixels in said intersection zone to the background color of said visual display image;

extrapolating a line from points on said raster entity outside one of said flare limit lines to an intersection centerline to provide a centerline point wherein said intersection centerline is substantially parallel and equidistant from said flare limit lines;

correlating said extrapolation line with a set of points on said centerline corresponding to a set of extrapolated lines generated from a set of flares on an opposite side of said intersection zone; and

filling a fill quadrilateral defined by two of said extrapolation lines, said intersection centerline, and one of said flare limit lines by setting all pixels in said fill quadrilateral to the color of said intersecting raster entity.

17. A hybrid image editor for editing raster and vector entities in a computer having a processor, a memory and a visual display device, the hybrid image editor comprising:

means for reading a prestored raster image from said memory, wherein said raster image includes a composite of a plurality of binary codes representing pixels of said visual display device;

means for storing said raster image in a display buffer portion of said memory;

means for displaying said stored image on said visual display device;

means for selecting a raster entity from among the displayed pixels of said raster image wherein said raster entity includes a plurality of pixels specified by absolute coordinates which define a geometric shape;

means for selecting from among a list of predefined geometric shapes a predefined geometric shape that most closely resembles the selected raster entity;

means for comparing a geometric equation determined by the pixel coordinates of the selected raster entity and a predefined canonical geometric equation of the selected predefined geometric shape to provide a geometric deviation;

means for comparing the geometric deviation with a predefined minimum deviation so as to determinatively recognize the selected raster entity as having substantially the same geometric equation as the selected geometric shape;

means for converting the selected raster entity into a vector entity corresponding to said selected geometric shape, wherein said vector entity includes a plurality of points having coordinates defined by relative displacements and slopes, so that said points of said vector entity are translated to absolute pixel coordinates and addressed and displayed on said visual display device using said display buffer; and

means for processing said vector entity using a collection of vector edit operations so that said selected raster entity is manipulated as a vector entity which normally belongs to an image having only vector entities.

18. A system for selectively converting a raster entity, among a collection of raster entities in a visual display image stored in a memory of a computer, into a vector entity defined by a geometric equation of the form associated with a predefined geometric shape, the system comprising:

means for selecting said predefined geometric shape from among a list of predefined geometric shapes;

means for selecting a raster entity generally corresponding in shape to said selected predefined geometric shape from among said collection of raster entities;

means for identifying a locally line-like segment on said selected raster entity so that two ends of said line-like segment can be extended to determine the maximal spacial extent of said selected raster entity;

means for extending at least one end of said line-like segment so that a geometric equation of the type corresponding to said selected predefined geometric shape can be fit from a set of points defined on said raster entity;

means for comparing the deviation of said geometric equation for said raster entity with a maximum deviation so as to recognize said raster entity if said deviation is less than said maximum deviation;

means for following one of the edges of said selected raster entity wherein said edge is extended in one direction defined by said edge by gathering a first set of edge pixels until an edge following deviation is identified;

means for following an extrapolated edge of said selected raster entity beginning at a point beyond said edge following deviation by gathering a second set of edge pixels;

means for merging said second set of edge pixels gathered from beyond said edge following deviation into said first set of edge pixels of said selected raster entity; and

means for converting said raster entity into a vector entity wherein said vector entity includes a set of survey points lying on said reference line resulting from fitting said reference line from said edges of said raster entity.

19. A system for selectively erasing a vector entity from an overlapping raster entity wherein said raster entity overlaps said vector entity at an intersection zone in a visual display image, the system comprising:

means for bounding said intersection zone around said vector entity having one or more nonlinear pixel edge formations wherein said bounding is a quadrilateral boundary defined by a pair of flare limit lines that are substantially parallel to each other and to the local slope of the vector entity, and by an intersection entrance line and an intersection exit line;

means for erasing said intersection zone by setting all pixels in said intersection zone to the background color of said visual display image;

means for extrapolating a line from points on said raster entity outside one of said flare limit lines to an intersection centerline wherein said intersection centerline is substantially parallel and equidistant from said flare limit lines;

means for correlating said extrapolation line with pixels indicative of said raster entity, on an opposite side of said intersection zone; and

means for filling a fill quadrilateral defined by two of said extrapolation lines, said intersection centerline, and one of said flare limit lines by setting all pixels in said fill quadrilateral to the color of said intersecting raster entity.

20. A hybrid image editor system for editing raster and vector entities with a common set of vector edit operations wherein said system includes a computer processor, a memory and a visual display device, said system comprising:

means for storing said raster and vector entities in a single image buffer of said memory, said single image buffer including;

a raster entity database;

a vector entity database; and

means for coordinating the raster and vector entity databases;

means for converting a selected raster entity into a selected vector entity and thereafter storing said selected vector entity into said image buffer; and

means for deleting said selected raster entity from said image buffer.

21. A system as defined in claim 20, wherein said deleting means retains in said image buffer raster entities that intersect said selected raster entity.

22. A method of editing digital images containing raster and vector entities, comprising the steps of:

converting a selected raster entity in a prestored raster entity database into a vector entity;

storing the vector entity into a vector database; and

coordinating the raster and vector databases so that a plurality of raster and vector entities are displayed on a visual display device as a single image layer.

23. The method defined in claim 22, additionally comprising the step of:

editing the converted vector entity using a collection of vector edit operations wherein the edit operations are the same edit operations that are used to edit entities that are originally created as vector entities.