Signal detector and method for detecting signals having selected frequency characteristics

• US 5,103,675 A
• Filed: 12/20/1989
• Issued: 04/14/1992
• Est. Priority Date: 12/20/1989
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Komninos, Nikolaos I.
• Original Assignee: Komninos, Nikolaos I.
• Inventors: Komninos, Nikolaos I.
• Primary Examiner(s): CHAPMAN JR, JOHN E
• Application Number:
  US07/453,688
• Time in Patent Office: 846 Days
• Field of Search: 73/592, 73/602, 73/587, 73/645, 73/646, 73/647, 73/648, 73/40.5 A, 367/135, 381/29, 381/104, 381/106, 381/98, 328/22, 328/25
• US Class Current: 73/592
• CPC Class Codes: G01H 3/06 by electric means
• CPC Class Codes: G01M 3/24 using infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic vibrations

Abstract

A signal detector and signal detection methodology is provided to monitor oscillatory signals, such as sound signals, to produce detector output in response to the presence of target signals having a frequency within a selected frequency range, such as ultrasonic sound signals. The detector has input processing circuitry that receives the oscillatory signals and filters out those which do not fall within the selected frequency range to produce an input signal. The input signal is split into two components, a primary input component and a control component. The primary input component is amplified proportionally to the amplitude of the control component. Preferably, the primary input component is processed to produce a clean, stable intermediate signal. Here, the signal detector provides processing circuitry that passes primary input components that have amplitudes exceeding a threshold, to eliminate low level noise; the primary input components are variably amplified inversely to the amplitude thereof to produce an initial intermediate signal having a substantially uniform amplitude at the frequency of the input signal. This initial intermediate signal is processed by a Schmitt-Trigger to create a square-wave signal. The processing circuit includes a scaler sub-circuit to divide the square-wave signal by an integer, and an integrating sub-circuit integrates the resulting scaled signal to produce the intermediate signal. An amplification circuit has variable gain controlled by averaging the amplitude of the input signal by way of the control component so that the intermediate signal is amplified according to the original amplitude to produce a scaled replica of the filtered input signal. Sensitivity adjustment and visual and audible displays are used for the detector output.

Claims

1. A signal detector for monitoring ultrasonic signals having an ultrasonic frequency within a selected frequency range and operative to produce a detector output in response thereto, comprising:

a transducer means for receiving sound signals and converting said sound signals into an electrical transducer signal;

a filter means for filtering said transducer signal to remove all frequency components thereof not within the selected frequency range to produce an input signal having an input signal frequency and an input signal amplitude;

processing circuit means responsive to said input signal for producing an intermediate signal having an intermediate signal frequency that is scaled from the input signal frequency into an audible frequency;

amplification control means responsive to said input signal for amplifying said intermediate signal proportionally to the input signal amplitude to produce a detector output signal; and

means for displaying said detector output signal.

2. A signal detector according to claim 1 including a dual stage pre-amplifier means for amplifying said electrical transducer signal before supplying said electrical transducer signal to said filter means.

3. A signal detector according to claim 1 including sensitivity adjustments means for varying the amplitude of said input signal.

4. A signal detector according to claim 1 wherein said processing circuit means include input cut-off means for inhibiting processing of input signals having input amplitudes below a selected threshold value.

5. A signal detector according to claim 1 wherein said processing circuit means includes amplitude expansion and compression means for amplifying said input signal inversely proportionally to the input signal amplitude to produce an initial intermediate signal.

6. A signal detector according to claim 5 wherein said amplitude and compression means includes an operational amplifier operative to amplify said input signal, a linear averaging rectifier operative to produce an average value signal that varies linearly in magnitude as a function of the amplitude of said input signal, and a variable gain control cell operative in response to the average value signal to vary the gain of said operational amplifier inversely proportionally to the amplitude of said input signal to compress the amplitude thereof.

7. A signal detector according to claim 5 wherein said processing circuit means includes means to reduce harmonic distortion in said initial intermediate signal.

8. A signal detector according to claim 5 wherein said processing circuit means includes means for receiving said initial intermediate signal and generating a square-wave signal having the same frequency thereof.

9. A signal detector according to claim 8 wherein said means for generating said square-wave signal is a Schmitt-Trigger.

10. A signal detector according to claim 9 including frequency response circuitry associated with said Schmitt-Trigger whereby said Schmitt-Trigger has a response time that decreases with increasing frequency of the initial intermediate signal.

11. A signal detector according to claim 8 wherein said processing circuit means includes a scaler for receiving said square-wave signal and for producing a scaled signal having a scaled frequency that is an integral division of the initial intermediate signal frequency.

12. A signal detector according to claim 11 wherein said processing circuit means includes means for integrating said scaled signal into a triangular-wave signal defining said intermediate signal.

13. A signal detector according to claim 1 wherein said amplification control means includes a linear averaging rectifier operative to produce a control signal having a control amplitude that is proportional to an average of the amplitude of the input signal and a variable gain cell operative in response to the control signal to vary the amplitude of the intermediate signal proportionally to the control amplitude.

14. A signal detector according to claim 13 wherein said amplification control means include maximum output limit means for establishing an amplitude ceiling for said detector output signal.

15. A signal detector according to claim 1 wherein said means for displaying said detector output includes a visual display or an audible indicator.

16. A method for monitoring sound signals in order to indicate the presence of ultrasonic signals having a frequency within a selected frequency range, comprising the steps of:

receiving sound signals and producing in response thereto a first electrical signal having a composite frequency and amplitude corresponding to said sound signals;

filtering said first electrical signal to remove all components thereof which do not have a frequency within the selected frequency range and producing an input signal corresponding to all sound components having a frequency within said selected range;

deriving a primary input component and an input control component from said input signal;

processing said primary input component to produce an intermediate signal having an intermediate signal frequency that is scaled into an audible frequency range and which has a substantially uniform amplitude;

amplifying said intermediate signal proportionally to the amplitude of said input control component to produce a detector output signal as an amplitude modulated scaled replica of said input signal.

17. A method according to claim 16 including the step of inhibiting the processing of primary input components having amplitudes less than a selected threshold.

18. A method according to claim 16 including the step of compressing the amplitude of said primary input components to produce an initial intermediate signal having a frequency corresponding to the input signal and a substantially uniform amplitude.

19. A method according to claim 18 including the step of translating said initial intermediate signal into a square-wave signal.

20. A method according to claim 19 including the step of translating said square-wave signal into a scaled signal having a frequency that is an integral division of the frequency of said square-wave signal.

21. A method according to claim 20 including the step of integrating said scaled signal into a integrated signal defining said intermediate signal.

22. A method according to claim 16 including the step of displaying said detector output signal as audibly or visibly.