Method and apparatus for storing and mixing blood samples

• US 5,110,743 A
• Filed: 11/10/1988
• Issued: 05/05/1992
• Est. Priority Date: 11/12/1987
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Oerlikon Contraves AG
• Original Assignee: Oerlikon Contraves AG
• Inventors: Windisch, Arthur, Pfenninger, Heinz
• Primary Examiner(s): Hill, Jr., Robert J.
• Application Number:
  US07/269,596
• Time in Patent Office: 1,272 Days
• Field of Search: 422/62, 422/63, 422/64, 422/65, 422/67, 422/72, 422/73, 422/100, 422/104, 436/43, 436/45, 436/47, 436/48
• US Class Current: 436/48
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/49 Blood chemical methods for determining blood cell populations G01N33/5094; chemical analysis of blood groups or blood types G01N33/80
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 436/11 Automated chemical analysis
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 436/111666 Utilizing a centrifuge or compartmented rotor
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 436/114165 with step of insertion or removal from test line

Abstract

Apparatus for storing and mixing blood samples comprises separate storage and mixing discs for storing and mixing blood samples in containers. The discs are driven independently and are provided with complementary grooves. A loading device loads the containers into the storage disc where they are transported to a transfer device. The transfer device successively transfers the containers into an oppositely situated groove of the mixing disc. The mixing disc mixes the blood samples via rotation thereof, after which the containers are transferred to a blood removal device which rotates each container with its blood sample about the lengthwise axis thereof so that a bar code reading device can read a bar code applied to the container. Blood is then withdrawn from the container and delivered to a blood analyzer, after which the container is ejected from the mixing disc by rotation of the mixing disc.

Claims

1. An apparatus for storing and mixing blood samples housed in containers for automatic analysis of the blood samples, comprising:

at least one drivable storage disc for the storage of the blood samples;

at least one mixing disc for preparing the blood samples;

means for driving the at least one mixing disc independently of the at least one storage disc;

said at least one storage disc and said at least one mixing disc being arranged adjacent one another in parallel planes;

each of said discs being provided with groove means for receiving containers housing the blood samples; and

a transfer device cooperating with said at least one storage disc and said at least one mixing disc for transfer of the containers housing the blood samples from the at least one storage disc to the at least one mixing disc.

2. The apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein:

each of said discs having a side including means for receiving the containers housing the blood samples;

said side of said at least one storage disc confronting said side of said at least one mixing disc;

said groove means of said at least one storage disc and said groove means of said at least one mixing disc respectively defining radial grooves at each side of each disc, which grooves extend to each disc edge;

said radial grooves of said at least one storage disc and said radial grooves of said at least mixing disc complementing each other and each said radial groove serving for the reception of a container housing a blood sample;

a loading device for loading the containers housing the blood samples into the at least one storage disc; and

a blood removal device for removing blood samples from the containers located in the at least one mixing disc and for delivery of the removed blood of the blood sample to a blood analyzer.

3. The apparatus as defined in claim 2, further including:

a blood analyzer operatively connected with said blood removal device for the reception of blood of the blood samples for blood analysis.

4. The apparatus as defined in claim 2, further including:

a code reading device for identifying a code applied to the container of each blood sample.

5. The apparatus as defined in claim 4, wherein:

said code reading device is arranged at the region of said blood removal device.

6. The apparatus as defined in claim 4, wherein:

said loading device comprises a threaded spindle drive means;

said threaded spindle drive means comprising a nut member;

said nut member conveying a container containing a blood sample into one of the groove means of the at least one storage disc; and

said at least one storage disc being stationary during conveyance of the container with the blood sample into said groove means.

7. The apparatus as defined in claim 6, wherein:

said threaded spindle drive means includes a threaded spindle and a drive motor for said threaded spindle;

electronic control means provided for said drive motor for said threaded spindle;

said loading device being provided with light barrier means activatable by a container housing a blood sample which is placed into said loading device; and

said light barrier means when activated by the inserted container housing the blood sample switching on the drive motor for the threaded spindle by means of the electronic control.

8. The apparatus as defined in claim 7, wherein:

said loading device comprises terminal switch means;

said terminal switch means being actuatable by said nut member of said threaded spindle upon departure of the container housing the blood sample from said loading device;

drive means for driving said at least one storage disc; and

said terminal switch means turning on said drive motor for said at least one storage disc.

9. The apparatus as defined in claim 8, wherein:

said loading device comprises a screening cap which obturates towards the outside said loading device after having loaded a container housing a blood sample into the loading device.

10. The apparatus as defined in claim 9, wherein:

said transfer device comprises;

crank drive means; and

plunger means operated by said crank drive means;

said plunger means being directed towards one of the groove means of said at least one storage disc and which contains a container housing a blood sample; and

said crank drive means operating said plunger means in order to transfer the container having the blood sample from the groove means of the at least one storage disc into an oppositely situated groove means of the at least one mixing disc.

11. The apparatus as defined in claim 10, further including:

two electromagnets arranged at the region of the transfer device;

each of said groove means of said at least one storage disc and said at least one mixing disc being provided with clamp means for securing a container housing the blood sample in the associated groove means;

one of said two electromagnets serving for opening the clamp means of the groove means of the at least one storage disc; and

the other of said at least two electromagnets serving for opening the clamp means of the groove means of the at least one mixing disc.

12. The apparatus as defined in claim 11, wherein:

said blood removal device comprises a rotating body member;

means for displacing said rotating body member for contact with a container housing the blood sample to establish a frictional connection between said rotating body member and said container;

said rotating body member serving for rotating the blood sample about a lengthwise axis thereof within the associated groove means;

said blood removal device further comprising a needle support which can be advanced toward the container housing the blood sample;

said container housing the blood sample having a piercable stopper;

a needle arranged at said needle support; and

said needle piercing said pierceable stopper to enable removal of blood from the blood sample within the container.

13. The apparatus as defined in claim 12, further including:

a flushing device for conducting a flushing agent into the needle after removal of blood from the blood sample and after retraction of the needle support;

said needle comprising a lateral bore through which the flushing agent can escape out of the needle; and

a flushing chamber for receiving flushing agent which has escaped out of the needle

14. The apparatus as defined in claim 12, further including:

sensor means for determining operation of said at least one storage disc and said at least one mixing disc.

15. The apparatus as defined in claim 14, wherein:

said sensor means comprises first sensor means for counting the groove means of said discs; and

said sensor means further comprising second sensor means for counting the number of revolutions of said discs.

16. The apparatus as defined in claim 15, wherein:

each said first sensor means and said second means comprise light barrier means.

17. The apparatus as defined in claim 16, further including:

means defining an ejection location for the containers housing the blood samples; and

said means defining an ejection location comprising an electromagnet provided at the region of said at least one mixing disc for opening the clamp means for the containers located in the groove means of said at least one mixing disc.

18. The apparatus as defined in claim 17 wherein:

said means defining said ejection location defines an ejection position for emergency blood samples;

said ejection position for emergency blood samples being provided with electromagnet means for opening the clamp means of containers having emergency blood samples.

19. The apparatus as defined in claim 18, further including:

receptacle means for collecting containers housing blood samples which have been identified;

receptacle means for collecting containers housing blood samples which have not been identified; and

receptacle means for collecting containers housing blood samples constituting emergency blood samples.

20. The apparatus as defined in claim 1, further including:

support means for supporting said at least one storage disc and said at least one mixing disc; and

said at least one storage disc and said at least one mixing disc are arranged substantially vertically with respect to said support means.

21. The apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein:

said at least one storage disc and said at least one mixing disc are arranged at an inclination with respect to the line of action of the force of gravity.

22. The apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein:

each of said at least one storage disc and said at least one mixing disc have essentially the same diameter; and

said at least one storage disc and said at least one mixing disc being substantially coaxially arranged.

23. The apparatus as defined in claim 22, wherein:

said at least one storage disc has a predetermined number of said groove means;

said at least one mixing disc has a predetermined number of groove means; and

said predetermined number of groove means of said at least one storage disc and said predetermined number of groove means of said at least one mixing disc being the same.

24. An apparatus as described in claim 1, further including closed containers for storing and mixing blood samples.

25. An apparatus for storage and moving blood samples for automatic analysis of the blood samples, comprising:

storage disc means for the storage of the blood samples;

means for selectively moving said storage disc means;

mixing disc means for preparing the blood samples;

means for driving the mixing disc means independently of the storage disc means;

said storage disc means and said mixing disc means being positioned in coacting relationship to one another, wherein the storage disc means and mixing disc means are arranged adjacent one another in parallel planes;

each of said disc means being provided with means for receiving containers housing the blood samples; and

transfer means cooperating with said storage disc means and said mixing disc means for transfer of the containers housing the blood samples from the storage disc means to the mixing disc means.

26. A method of handling blood samples for the automatic analysis of the blood sample, comprising the steps of:

loading stoppered containers housing blood samples to a storage means at which there are stored the containers housing the blood samples;

transferring the containers housing the blood samples from the storage means to a mixing means operated independently of the storage means;

mixing the blood samples housed in the containers in the mixing means; and

removing blood of the blood samples housed in the containers located at the mixing means;

wherein the method further includes the steps of;

using as the storage means a storage disc having receiving grooves for the containers housing the blood samples;

conveying the containers housing the blood sample in a predetermined sequence to a transfer location containing a transfer means for transferring the containers housing the blood samples from the storage disc to a mixing disc of the mixing means, with the storage disc and the mixing disc being arranged adjacent one another in parallel planes;

the transfer means transferring the containers housing the blood samples from the storage disc to the mixing disc;

mixing the containers housing the blood samples for a predetermined mixing time at the mixing disc; and

removing a part of the blood from at least predetermined ones of the containers housing the blood samples by means of a blood removal device.

27. The method as defined in claim 26, further including the steps of:

rotating each container from which there is to be removed a part of the blood of the blood sample about a lengthwise axis of the associated container prior to removal of part of the blood of the blood sample from the container; and

simultaneous with said rotation reading blood sample identification data provided at the container.

28. The method as defined in claim 27, further including the step of:

utilizing the blood sample identification data for determining whether the identified blood sample is to be evaluated or rejected.

29. The method as defined in claim 26, further comprising the step of:

leaving an empty position at the storage disc and an empty position at the mixing disc, wherein these two empty positions are left empty for the reception of a container housing an emergency blood sample.

30. The method as defined in claim 29, further including the steps of:

upon emergency analysis of the emergency blood sample using said two empty positions;

overriding routine operation of the storage disc and the mixing disc;

placing the empty position of the storage disc at the location of a loading position for loading a container having an emergency blood sample therein;

moving the empty position of the mixing disc to the transfer location;

conveying the container having the emergency blood sample and located in the empty position of the storage disc immediately to the transfer location;

displacing the container housing the emergency blood sample from the storage disc into the empty position of the mixing disc; and

directly delivering the container housing the emergency blood sample from the transfer position and without any mixing movement of the mixing disc, directly to the location of a blood removal device for removal of a part of the blood of the emergency blood sample for analysis.

31. The method as defined in claim 26, further including the steps of:

depositing the containers housing the blood samples in different separate receptacles in order to physically separate said containers from one another.

32. The method as defined in claim 26, further including the step of:

after each removal of part of the blood from a container housing the blood sample washing with a flushing agent parts of a blood removal device which have come into contact with the removed blood of the blood sample.

33. The method as defined in claim 26, further including the steps of:

monitoring operation of the discs;

said monitoring step comprising electronically storing each passage of a groove for receiving a container housing a blood sample during each revolution of each of said discs;

said monitoring step further comprising electronically storing as stored data the transfer of each container housing the blood samples from the storage disc to the mixing disc; and

deriving from the stored data a predetermined operation of two drive motors for respectively driving the storage disc and the mixing disc and for controlling drive means for a loading device, said transfer means, a removal device and an ejection device.

34. The method as defined in claim 26, further including the steps of:

incorporating additional discs so as to form a disc stack; and

employing a part of the disc stack for storage of the disc stack for mixing of the blood samples in the containers.

35. The method as defined in claim 34, further including the steps of:

selectively altering the operation of the storage disc from a storage operation to a mixing operation or the operation of the mixing disc from a mixing operation to a storage operation.

36. The method as defined in claim 35, further including the steps of:

variably retaining part of the disc stack for a respective storage operation and mixing operation in order to accommodate the storing of the containers housing the blood samples as a function of the available supply of blood samples.

37. The method as defined in claim 34, further including the steps of:

controlling the disc stack to operate in a two-disc mode, wherein inner discs of the disc stack are stationary and only participate in a transfer of the containers housing the blood samples and terminal discs of the disc stack operate in a storage mode and in a mixing mode.

38. The method as defined in claim 34, further including the steps of:

filling the storage disc defining a first storage disc with a predetermined number of containers;

following filling of said storage disc with said predetermined number of containers a neighboring disc, viewed in the direction of a mixing disc, functions as a storage disc for taking over containers housing the blood sample from the first storage disc.

39. An apparatus for storing and mixing blood samples housed in containers for automatic analysis of the blood samples, comprising:

at least one drivable storage disc for the storage of the blood samples;

at least one mixing disc for preparing the blood samples;

means for driving the at least one mixing disc independently of the at least one storage disc;

said at least one storage disc and said at least one mixing disc being arranged adjacent one another;

each of said discs being provided with groove means for receiving containers housing the blood samples in radially-positioned tubes, whereby upon positioning said tubes in said grooves, an axis of each of said tubes lies along a radius of said discs; and

,

a transfer device cooperating with said at least one storage disc and said at least one mixing disc for transfer of the containers housing the blood samples from the at least one storage disc to the at least one mixing disc.