High speed digital to analog to digital communication system

• US 5,115,450 A
• Filed: 07/06/1989
• Issued: 05/19/1992
• Est. Priority Date: 07/06/1989
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: RPX Corporation
• Original Assignee: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
• Inventors: Arcuri, Salvatore
• Primary Examiner(s): Safourek, Benedict V.
• Application Number:
  US07/376,882
• Time in Patent Office: 1,048 Days
• Field of Search: 375/17, 375/24, 375/25, 375/37, 375/7, 375/8, 375/98, 370/41, 370/77, 370/114, 370/112, 370/37, 332/103, 332/106, 332/115, 341/126, 341/141, 341/144, 341/153, 358/13, 358/148, 358/176, 358/178, 455/600, 455/608
• US Class Current: 375/219
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 3/0614 the synchronising signal being characterised by the amplitude, duration or polarity
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 25/4917 using multilevel codes
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 5/04 the signals being represented by different amplitudes or polarities, e.g. quadriplex

Abstract

High speed communication of digital information is accomplished using an analog transmission format. A transmitter receiving digital data in parallel multi-bit words converts digital words in conversion clock cycles to a single analog signal relative to a DC level. The transmitter also includes a reference pulse generator which combines a reference pulse with the analog levels generated by the converter to form an analog output for transmission to the receiver. The receiver includes a detector receiving the analog output. In response to the reference pulse, the receiver generates a recovery clock. A flash analog-to-digital converter converts the analog levels in the analog output to multi-bit digital outputs. The parallel multi-bit words are regenerated in recovery clock cycles from sampling the multi-bit digital output once per cycle. Thus, by using a digital to analog to digital system, effective bit rates are achieved that are higher than the switching speeds of the transmitter and receiver.

Claims

1. An apparatus for communication of digital data across a communication link, comprising:

means for supplying a plurality of streams of digital data in parallel, the means for supplying including,

means, receiving a plurality of sequences of multibit words, for combining the plurality of sequences into a set of serial bit streams, wherein each sequence of multibit words is received at a rate of at least 31.25 Megawords per second and each serial bit stream has a rate of at least 125 Megabits per second, and

means for sampling the set of serial bit streams to form the plurality of streams of digital data;

means, connected to the means for supplying the plurality of streams of digital data, for converting the plurality of streams of digital data to a single analog signal at a rate such that the means for converting has an effective throughput of at least 125 Megawords per second;

means, connected to the means for converting and the communication link, for transmitting the analog signal across the communication link; and

means, connected to the communication link, for recovering the plurality of streams of digital data from the analog signal.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the means for recovering includes:

means for sampling the analog signal to reconstitute the set of serial bit streams; and

means, connected to the means for sampling the analog signal, for recombining the set of serial bit streams to reconstitute the plurality of sequences of multibit words.

3. An apparatus for communication of digital data across a communication link, comprising:

means for supplying a plurality of streams of digital data in parallel;

means, connected to the means for supplying the digital data, and receiving a conversion clock signal having clock cycles, for converting the plurality of streams to a sequence of analog levels, one analog lever per clock cycle of the conversion clock signal;

means, receiving the conversion clock signal, for periodically generating a sequence of reference pulses, one for every N clock cycles of the conversion clock signal, where N is a prespecified integer greater than 1;

means, connected to the means for converting and the means for periodically generating, for combining the sequence of analog levels and the sequence of reference pulses to form an analog output for transmission on the link;

means, connected to the link, for receiving the analog output;

means, coupled to the means for receiving the analog output, for generating a recovery clock in response to the reference pulses;

means, coupled to the means for receiving the analog output, for converting the analog output to a multibit digital output; and

means, responsive to the recovery clock and receiving the multibit digital output, for regenerating the plurality of streams of digital data.

4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the means for converting includes:

means, responsive to the reference pulse, for normalizing the analog levels in the analog output; and

means for stripping the reference pulse from the analog output.

5. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the means for supplying includes:

means, receiving a plurality of sequences of multibit words, for combining the plurality of sequences into a set of serial bit streams; and

means for sampling the set of serial bit streams to form the plurality of streams of digital data.

6. The apparatus of claim 5 further including:

means, connected to the means for regenerating, for recombining the plurality of streams to reconstitute the plurality of sequences of multibit words.

7. An apparatus for communication of digital data across a communication link, comprising:

means for supplying a plurality of streams of digital data in parallel;

means, receiving a conversion clock signal having clock cycles, for generating a sequence of reference words, one for every N clock cycles of the conversion clock signal, where N is a prespecified integer greater than 1;

means for combining the plurality of streams and the sequence of reference words to form a sequence of digital outputs;

means, connected to the means for combining and receiving the conversion clock signal, for converting the sequence of digital outputs to analog levels representing the plurality of streams and to reference pulses representing the sequence of reference words, in clock cycles of the conversion clock signal and supplying the analog levels as an analog output for transmission on the link;

means, connected to the link, for receiving the analog output;

means, coupled to the means for receiving the analog output, for generating a recovery clock in response to the reference pulses;

means, coupled to the means for receiving the analog output, for converting the analog output to a multibit digital output; and

means, responsive to the recovery clock and receiving the multibit digital output, for regenerating the plurality of streams.

8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the means for converting includes:

means, responsive to the reference pulses, for normalizing the analog levels in the analog output; and

means for stripping the reference pulses from the analog output.

9. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the digital data includes a plurality of sequences a multibit words, and the means for supplying includes:

means, receiving the plurality of sequences of multibit words, for combining the plurality of sequences into a set of serial bit streams; and

means for sampling the set of serial bit streams to form the plurality of streams of digital data.

10. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the digital data includes a plurality of sequences of multibit words, and the means for supplying includes:

means, receiving the plurality of sequences of multibit words, for combining the plurality of sequences into a set of serial bit streams; and

means for sampling the set of serial bit streams to form the plurality of streams of digital data;

the apparatus further including;

means, connected to the means for regenerating, for recombining the plurality of streams to form the plurality of sequences of multibit words.

11. An apparatus for communication of digital data on a communication link, comprising:

a transmitter including

means for receiving digital data in parallel multibit words;

means, connected to the means for receiving digital data, and receiving a conversion clock signal having clock cycles, for converting the multibit words to corresponding analog levels in clock cycles of the conversion clock signal;

means, receiving the conversion clock signal, for periodically generating a reference pulse for every N clock cycles of the conversion clock signal, where N is a prespecified integer greater than 1; and

means, connected to the link, the means for converting and the means periodically generating, for combining the analog levels and the reference pulses to form an analog output for transmission on the link; and

a receiver including;

means, connected to the link, for receiving the analog output;

means, coupled to the means for receiving the analog output, for generating a recovery clock in response to the reference pulses;

means, coupled to the means for receiving the analog output and responsive to the reference pulses, for normalizing the analog levels in the analog output to generate a normalized signal;

means, connected to the means for normalizing, for stripping the reference pulses from the normalized signal;

means, connected to the means for stripping, for converting the normalized signal to a multibit digital output; and

means, responsive to the recovery clock and receiving the multibit digital output, for regenerating the parallel multibit words.

12. An apparatus for communication of digital data on a communication link, the apparatus comprising:

a transmitter including,

means for receiving digital data in parallel multibit words,

means, receiving a conversion clock signal having clock cycles, for periodically generating a reference word for every N clock cycles of the conversion clock signal, where N is a prespecified integer,

means for combining the multibit words and the reference words to form a sequence of digital outputs, and

means, connected to the means for combining and receiving the conversion clock signal, for converting the sequence of digital outputs to analog levels representing the multibit words and to reference pulses representing reference words, in clock cycles of the conversion clock signal and supplying the analog levels as an analog output for transmission on the link; and

a receiver including,

means, connected to the link, for receiving the analog output,

means, coupled to the means for receiving the analog output, for generating a recovery clock in response t the reference pulses,

means, coupled to the means for receiving the analog output and responsive to the reference pulses, for normalizing the analog levels in the analog output to generate a normalized signal,

means, connected to the means for normalizing, for stripping the reference pulses from the normalized signal,

means, connected to the means for stripping, for converting the normalized signal to a multibit digital output, and

means, responsive to the recovery clock and receiving the multibit digital output, for regenerating the parallel multibit words.

13. An apparatus for communication of digital data across a communication link, the apparatus comprising:

means for supplying a plurality of streams of digital data in parallel at a switching speed, the means for supplying including,

i) means, receiving a plurality of sequence of multibit words, for combining the plurality of sequences into a set of serial bit streams, and

ii) means for sampling the set of serial bit streams to form the plurality of streams of digital data;

means, connected to the means for supplying the plurality of streams of digital data, for converting the plurality of streams of digital data to a single analog signal at the switching speed;

means, connected to the means for converting and the communication link, for transmitting the analog signal across the communication link; and

means, connected to the communication link, for recovering the plurality of streams of digital data from the analog signal.

14. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the means for recovering comprises:

means for sampling the analog signal to reconstitute the set of serial bit streams; and

means, connected to the means for sampling the analog signal, for recombining the set of serial bit streams to reconstitute the plurality of sequences of multibit words.

15. An apparatus couplable to receive a first plurality of N-bit input streams of digital data from respective sources, each of the first plurality of N-bit input streams including a series of N-bit words, wherein the apparatus is couplable to an analog communication link, and the apparatus comprises:

serializer means (201 or

     210) for receiving the first plurality of N-bit input streams in parallel and for serializing the first plurality of N-bit streams into a first N-bit stream in a time-multiplexing manner such that N-bit words from respective N-bit streams of the first plurality of N-bit streams are sequentially inserted into the first N-bit stream; and

transmitter means (203 or

     212), coupled to the serializer means, for converting the first N-bit stream into a first analog stream, and for transmitting the first analog stream onto the analog communication link.

16. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein the transmitter means (FIG. 4) comprises:

means (46,

     47), coupled to the serializer means, for applying an intensity reference to each N-bit word in the first N-bit stream;

means (49,

     53), coupled to the means for applying, for inserting N-bit reference words into the first N-bit stream; and

means (57), coupled to the means for inserting, for sequentially converting each N-bit word and reference word in the first N-bit stream into an analog output level for transmission onto the analog communication link.

17. The apparatus of claim 15, further couplable to provide a second plurality of N-bit output streams of digital data to respective destinations, each of the second plurality of N-bit output streams including a series of N-bit words, wherein the apparatus further comprises:

receiver means (213 or

     205) for receiving a second analog stream from the analog communication link, and for converting the second analog stream into a second N-bit stream; and

deserializer means (215 or

     207), coupled to the receiver means, for deserializing the second N-bit stream into the second plurality of N-bit output streams of digital data in a time-demultiplexing manner such that N-bit words are sequentially extracted from the second N-bit stream, and for providing the second plurality of N-bit output streams in parallel.

18. The apparatus of claim 17 wherein the second analog stream includes analog reference level data, and wherein the receiver means comprises:

means (78,

     79) for obtaining a reference clock from the analog reference level data in the second analog stream;

means (75,

     77), coupled to the means for obtaining and to receive the second analog stream, for normalizing the second analog stream according to the analog reference level data, and for removing the analog reference level data from the second analog stream; and

means (83), coupled to the means for normalizing, for converting the second analog stream, without the analog reference level data, into the second N-bit stream.

19. The apparatus of claim 17 wherein:

the transmitter means comprises,

means (46,

     47), coupled to the serializer means, for applying an intensity reference to each N-bit word in the first N-bit stream,

means (49,

     53), coupled to the means for applying, for inserting N-bit reference words into the first N-bit stream, and

means (57), coupled to the means for inserting, for sequentially converting each N-bit word and reference word in the first N-bit stream into an analog output signal for transmission onto the analog communication link, the analog output signal including analog reference level data representing the N-bit reference words; and

the receiver means comprises,

means (78,

     79) for obtaining a reference clock from the analog reference level data in the second analog stream,

means (75,

     77), coupled to the means for obtaining and to receive the second analog stream, for normalizing the second analog stream according to the analog reference level data, and for removing the analog reference level data from the second analog stream, and

means (83), coupled to the means for normalizing, for converting the second analog stream, without the analog reference level data, into the second N-bit stream.

20. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein the transmitter means (FIG. 6) comprises:

means (109,

     108), coupled to the serializer means, for applying an intensity reference to each N-bit word in the first N-bit stream;

means (116), coupled to the means for applying, for sequentially converting each N-bit word in the first N-bit stream into an analog output level, to generate an analog output stream; and

means (107,

     105), coupled to the means for sequentially converting, for inserting analog reference level data into the analog output stream, for transmission onto the analog communication link of the analog output stream including the analog reference level data.

21. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein the transmitter means (FIG. 7) comprises:

means (151, 155, 160, 152,

     154), coupled to the serializer means, for inserting a digital reference position into the N-bit stream after each predetermined number of N-bit words, wherein the predetermined number is greater than 1;

first means (165), coupled to the means for inserting, for converting the first N-bit stream into an analog data output stream;

second means (164), coupled to the means for inserting, for converting the first N-bit stream into an analog reference output stream, responsive to the digital reference position such that the analog reference output stream has a first value at the digital reference position and a second value at other positions in the first N-bit stream; and

means (166,

     167), coupled to the first and second means for converting, for combining the analog data output stream and analog reference output stream for transmission onto the analog communication link.

22. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein N is 8 such that each N-bit word comprises 1 byte, wherein each of the first plurality of N-bit streams may have a rate of at least 31.25 Megabytes per second, wherein the communication link is adapted to transmit analog data at a frequency of at least 1 GigaHertz, and wherein:

the serializer means time-multiplexes the first plurality of N-bit streams, and provides the first N-bit stream a rate of at least 125 Megabytes per second; and

the transmitter means includes an N-bit digital to quasi-analog converter which accepts the first N-bit stream at a rate of at least 125 Megabytes per second and generates the first analog stream such that the first analog stream includes quasi-analog pulses at a frequency of at least 125 Megahertz, wherein each of the quasi-analog pulses represents one byte, whereby the first analog stream transmits data at an effective rate of at least 1 GigaHertz.

23. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein, at a given moment, the first analog stream comprises an analog value, wherein the analog value is either;

one of a plurality of analog data value levels, each analog data value level representing a corresponding digital value in the first N-bit stream;

or

an analog reference level facilitating regeneration of the first N-bit stream from the first analog stream.

24. An apparatus (FIG. 4) receiving a series of multibit data words and a conversion clock signal having cycles, wherein the apparatus comprises:

input means (43), having an input and an output, for receiving at the input the series of multibit data words, and for presenting at the output a next multibit data word of the series in response to the conversion clock;

intensity means (46,

     47), having an input coupled to the output of the input means, for applying a digital intensity reference to each said next multibit word, and having an output at which to accordingly present a series of multibit intensity-referenced words;

clocking means (53) for generating a reference signal after each N^th conversion clock signal cycle, where N is a prespecified integer greater than 1;

means (49), coupled to the intensity means and to the clocking means, for inserting a multibit reference word into the series of multibit intensity-referenced words at each reference signal; and

means (54,

     57), coupled to the means for inserting and to receive the conversion clock signal, for converting the series of multibit intensity-referenced words and reference words into an analog output signal.

25. An apparatus (FIG. 6) receiving a series of multibit data words and a conversion clock signal having cycles, wherein the apparatus comprises:

input means (101), having an input and an output, for receiving at the input the series of multibit data words, and for presenting at the output a next multibit data word of the series in response to the conversion clock signal;

intensity means (109,

     108), having an input coupled to the output of the input means, for applying a digital intensity reference to each said next multibit word, and having an output at which to present a series of multibit intensity-referenced words;

means (112,

     116), coupled to the output of the intensity means, for converting the series of multibit intensity-referenced words into an analog data signal;

clocking means (105) for generating a reference signal after each N^th conversion clock signal cycle, where N is a prespecified integer greater than 1; and

means (107), coupled to the intensity means and to the clocking means, for inserting an analog reference value into the analog data signal at each reference signal, to form an analog output signal.

26. An apparatus (FIG. 7) receiving a series of multibit data words and a conversion clock signal having cycles, wherein the apparatus comprises:

input means (151), for receiving the series of multibit data words, and for presenting a next multibit data word of the series in response to the conversion clock signal;

clocking means (155) for generating a reference signal after each N^th conversion clock signal cycle, where N is a prespecified integer greater than 1;

means (162,

     159), coupled to the input means and the clocking means, for presenting said next multibit data word when said reference signal is not generated, and for presenting a multibit reference word when said reference signal is generated;

means (165), coupled to the means for presenting, for converting a multibit data or reference word from the means for presenting into an analog data signal; and

means (164, 166,

     167), receiving a signal representative of the reference signal, for combining a reference current with the analog data signal when the reference signal is generated, to form an analog output signal including reference pulses.

27. An apparatus (FIG. 5) receiving an analog input signal having analog reference pulses between pluralities of analog data pulses, wherein a data pulse has one of a predetermined number of values, and wherein the apparatus comprising:

means (78,

     79), receiving the analog input signal, for generating a clocking signal (CLOCK, SYNC GATE) according to the reference pulses, the clocking signal having cycles one per data pulse; and

means (77, 83,

     85), receiving the analog input signal and coupled to the means for generating, for converting a data pulse to a digital multibit word according to a value of the data pulse, in response to the clocking signal, whereby the apparatus converts the analog input signal to a series of multibit data words corresponding to the data pulses without words corresponding to the reference pulses.